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Table of nuclides
Graph of neutrons vs. protons in nuclides

A table or chart of nuclides is a two-dimensional graph of isotopes of the chemical elements, in which one axis represents the number of neutrons (symbol N) and the other represents the number of protons (atomic number, symbol Z) in the atomic nucleus. Each point plotted on the graph thus represents a nuclide of a known or hypothetical element. This system of ordering nuclides can offer a greater insight into the characteristics of isotopes than the better-known periodic table, which shows only elements and not their isotopes. The chart of the nuclides is also known as the Segrè chart, after Italian physicist Emilio Segrè.

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Description and utility

See also: Valley of stability

A chart or table of nuclides maps the nuclear, or radioactive, behavior of nuclides, as it distinguishes the isotopes of an element. It contrasts with a periodic table, which only maps their chemical behavior, since isotopes (nuclides that are variants of the same element) do not differ chemically to any significant degree, with the exception of hydrogen. Nuclide charts organize nuclides along the X axis by their numbers of neutrons and along the Y axis by their numbers of protons, out to the limits of the neutron and proton drip lines. This representation was first published by Kurt Guggenheimer in 19342 and expanded by Giorgio Fea in 1935,3 Emilio Segrè in 1945 or Glenn Seaborg. In 1958, Walter Seelmann-Eggebert and Gerda Pfennig published the first edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart. Its 7th edition was made available in 2006. Today, there are several nuclide charts, four of which have a wide distribution: the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, the Strasbourg Universal Nuclide Chart, the Chart of the Nuclides from the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), and the Nuclide Chart from Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory in the United States.4 It has become a basic tool of the nuclear community.

A chart of nuclides. Above, cut into three parts for better presentation; below, combined.Decay modes

The trends in this section refer to the following chart, which shows Z increasing to the right and N increasing downward, a 90° clockwise rotation of the above landscape-orientation charts.

56H7He8Li9Be10B11C12N13O14F15NeNaMg
67H8He9Li10Be11B12C13N14O15F16Ne17Na18Mg1314
79He10Li11Be12B13C14N15O16F17Ne18Na19MgAlSi
810He11Li12Be13B14C15N16O17F18Ne19Na20Mg21Al22Si
912Li13Be14B15C16N17O18F19Ne20Na21Mg22Al23Si
  • Isotopes are nuclides with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons; that is, they have the same atomic number and are therefore the same chemical element. Isotopes neighbor each other vertically. Examples include carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 in the table above.
  • Isotones are nuclides with the same number of neutrons but differing numbers of protons. Isotones neighbor each other horizontally. Examples include carbon-14, nitrogen-15, and oxygen-16 in the table above.
  • Isobars are nuclides with the same number of nucleons (i.e. mass number) but different numbers of protons and neutrons. Isobars neighbor each other diagonally from lower-left to upper-right. Examples include carbon-14, nitrogen-14, and oxygen-14 in the table above.
  • Isodiaphers are nuclides with the same difference between their numbers of neutrons and protons (N − Z). Like isobars, they follow diagonal lines, but at right angles to the isobar lines (from upper-left to lower-right). Examples include boron-10, carbon-12, and nitrogen-14 (as N − Z = 0 for each pair), or boron-12, carbon-14, and nitrogen-16 (as N − Z = 2 for each pair).
  • Beyond the neutron drip line along the lower left, nuclides decay by neutron emission.
  • Beyond the proton drip line along the upper right, nuclides decay by proton emission. Drip lines have only been established for some elements.
  • The island of stability is a hypothetical region in the top right cluster of nuclides that contains isotopes far more stable than other transuranic elements.
  • There are no stable nuclides having an equal number of protons and neutrons in their nuclei with atomic number greater than 20 (i.e. calcium) as can be readily observed from the chart. Nuclei of greater atomic number require an excess of neutrons for stability.
  • The only stable nuclides having an odd number of protons and an odd number of neutrons are hydrogen-2 (deuterium), lithium-6, boron-10, nitrogen-14 and (observationally) tantalum-180m. This is because the mass–energy of such atoms is usually higher than that of their neighbors on the same isobaric chain, so most of them are unstable to beta decay.
  • There are no stable nuclides with mass number 5 or 8. There are stable nuclides with all other mass numbers up to 208 with the exceptions of 147 and 151, which are represented by the very long-lived samarium-147 and europium-151. (Bismuth-209 was found to be radioactive in 2003, but with a half-life of 2.01×1019 years.)
  • With the exception of the pair tellurium-123 and antimony-123, odd mass numbers are never represented by more than one stable nuclide. This is because the mass–energy is a convex function of atomic number, so all nuclides on an odd isobaric chain except one have a lower-energy neighbor to which they can decay by beta decay. See Mattauch isobar rule. (123Te is expected to decay to 123Sb, but the half-life appears to be so long that the decay has never been observed.)
  • There are no stable nuclides having atomic number greater than Z = 82 (lead),5 although bismuth (Z = 83) is stable for all practical human purposes and thorium (Z = 90) and uranium (Z = 92) are sufficiently long-lived to occur on Earth in large quantities. Elements with atomic numbers from 1 to 82 all have stable isotopes, with the exceptions of technetium (Z = 43) and promethium (Z = 61).

Tables

Half-lives (example: Gd)
145Gd< 1 day
149Gd1–10 days
146Gd10–100 days
153Gd100 days–10 a
148Gd10–10,000 a
150Gd10 ka–700 Ma
152Gd> 700 Ma
158GdStable
94NbBorder: Isomer is < 1 day
198AuBorder: Isomer is 1–10 days
91NbBorder: Isomer is 10–100 days
102RhBorder: Isomer is 100 days – 10 years
93NbBorder: Isomer is 10–10,000 years
204PbBorder: Isomer is 10k–103M years
180TaBorder: Isomer is Stable

For convenience, three different views of the data are available on Wikipedia: two sets of "segmented tables", and a single "unitized table (all elements)". The unitized table allows easy visualization of proton/neutron-count trends but requires simultaneous horizontal and vertical scrolling. The segmented tables permit easier examination of a particular chemical element with much less scrolling. Links are provided to quickly jump between the different sections.

Segmented tables

Full table

The nuclide table below shows nuclides (often loosely called "isotopes", but this term properly refers to nuclides with the same atomic number, see above), including all with half-life of at least one day.6 They are arranged with increasing atomic numbers from left to right and increasing neutron numbers from top to bottom.

Cell color denotes the half-life of each nuclide; if a border is present, its color indicates the half-life of the most stable nuclear isomer. In graphical browsers, each nuclide also has a tool tip indicating its half-life.

Each color represents a certain range of length of half-life, and the color of the border indicates the half-life of its nuclear isomer state. Some nuclides have multiple nuclear isomers, and this table notes the one with the longest half-life.

Dotted borders mean that a nuclide has a nuclear isomer with a half-life in the same range as the ground state nuclide. The dashed lines between several nuclides of the first few elements are the experimentally determined proton and neutron drip lines.

Z →0123
n ↓n H HeLi45
01HBeB67
11n2H3He4LiCN8
23H4He5Li6Be7B8C9NO9
34H5He6Li7Be8B9C10N11OF10
45H6He7Li8Be9B10C11N12O13FNe1112
56H7He8Li9Be10B11C12N13O14F15NeNaMg
67H8He9Li10Be11B12C13N14O15F16Ne17Na18Mg1314
79He10Li11Be12B13C14N15O16F17Ne18Na19MgAlSi15
810He11Li12Be13B14C15N16O17F18Ne19Na20Mg21Al22SiP16
912Li13Be14B15C16N17O18F19Ne20Na21Mg22Al23SiS1718
1013Li14Be15B16C17N18O19F20Ne21Na22Mg23Al24SiClAr19
1115Be16B17C18N19O20F21Ne22Na23Mg24Al25Si26P27S28Cl29ArK20
1216Be17B18C19N20O21F22Ne23Na24Mg25Al26Si27P28S29Cl30Ar31KCa21
1318B19C20N21O22F23Ne24Na25Mg26Al27Si28P29S30Cl31ArSc22
1419B20C21N22O23F24Ne25Na26Mg27Al28Si29P30S31Cl32Ar33KTi23
1520B22N23O24F25Ne26Na27Mg28Al29Si30P31S32Cl33Ar34K35CaV24
1621B22C23N24O25F26Ne27Na28Mg29Al30Si31P32S33Cl34Ar35K36Ca37ScCr25
1725O26F27Ne28Na29Mg30Al31Si32P33S34Cl35Ar36K37Ca38Sc39TiMn26
1826O27F28Ne29Na30Mg31Al32Si33P34S35Cl36Ar37K38Ca39Sc40Ti42CrFe2728
1927O28F29Ne30Na31Mg32Al33Si34P35S36Cl37Ar38K39Ca40Sc41Ti43Cr45FeCoNi
2028O29F30Ne31Na32Mg33Al34Si35P36S37Cl38Ar39K40Ca41Sc42Ti43V44Cr46Fe48Ni
2130F31Ne32Na33Mg34Al35Si36P37S38Cl39Ar40K41Ca42Sc43Ti44V 45Cr46Mn47Fe49Ni29
2231F32Ne33Na34Mg35Al36Si37P38S39Cl40Ar41K42Ca43Sc44Ti45V46Cr47Mn48Fe50NiCu30
2334Na35Mg36Al37Si38P39S40Cl41Ar42K43Ca44Sc45Ti46V 47Cr48Mn49Fe50Co51NiZn31
2434Ne35Na36Mg37Al38Si39P40S41Cl42Ar43K44Ca45Sc46Ti47V48Cr49Mn50Fe51Co52Ni54ZnGa32
2537Mg38Al39Si40P41S42Cl43Ar44K45Ca46Sc47Ti48V49Cr50Mn51Fe52Co53Ni55ZnGe33
2637Na38Mg39Al40Si41P42S43Cl44Ar45K46Ca47Sc48Ti49V50Cr51Mn52Fe53Co54Ni55Cu56ZnAs
2740Al41Si42P43S44Cl45Ar46K47Ca48Sc49Ti50V51Cr52Mn53Fe54Co55Ni56Cu57Zn59Ge34
2839Na40Mg41Al42Si43P44S45Cl46Ar47K48Ca49Sc50Ti51V52Cr53Mn54Fe55Co56Ni57Cu58Zn60GeSe35
2942Al43Si44P45S46Cl47Ar48K49Ca50Sc51Ti52V53Cr54Mn55Fe56Co57Ni58Cu59Zn60Ga61Ge63SeBr36
3043Al44Si45P46S47Cl48Ar49K50Ca51Sc52Ti53V54Cr55Mn56Fe57Co58Ni59Cu60Zn61Ga62Ge64SeKr
3145Si46P47S48Cl49Ar50K51Ca52Sc53Ti54V 55Cr56Mn57Fe58Co59Ni60Cu61Zn62Ga63Ge64As65Se67Kr
3246Si47P48S49Cl50Ar51K52Ca53Sc54Ti55V56Cr57Mn58Fe59Co60Ni61Cu62Zn63Ga64Ge65As66Se68Kr37
3349S50Cl51Ar52K53Ca54Sc55Ti56V57Cr58Mn59Fe60Co61Ni62Cu63Zn64Ga65Ge66As67Se68Br69KrRb38
3451Cl52Ar53K54Ca55Sc56Ti57V58Cr59Mn60Fe61Co62Ni63Cu64Zn65Ga66Ge67As68Se69Br70KrSr39
3552Cl53Ar54K55Ca56Sc57Ti58V59Cr60Mn61Fe62Co63Ni64Cu65Zn66Ga67Ge68As69Se70Br71Kr72Rb73SrY40
3654Ar55K56Ca57Sc58Ti59V60Cr61Mn62Fe63Co64Ni65Cu66Zn67Ga68Ge69As70Se71Br72Kr73Rb74SrZr41
3756K57Ca58Sc59Ti60V 61Cr62Mn63Fe64Co65Ni66Cu67Zn68Ga69Ge70As71Se72Br73Kr74Rb75Sr76Y77ZrNb42
3857K58Ca59Sc60Ti61V62Cr63Mn64Fe65Co66Ni67Cu68Zn69Ga70Ge71As72Se73Br74Kr75Rb76Sr77Y78ZrMo43
3959Ca60Sc61Ti62V63Cr64Mn65Fe66Co67Ni68Cu69Zn70Ga71Ge72As73Se74Br75Kr76Rb77Sr78Y79Zr81MoTc44
4059K60Ca61Sc62Ti63V64Cr65Mn66Fe67Co68Ni69Cu70Zn71Ga72Ge73As74Se75Br76Kr77Rb78Sr79Y80Zr82MoRu
4162Sc63Ti64V65Cr66Mn67Fe68Co69Ni70Cu71Zn72Ga73Ge74As75Se76Br77Kr78Rb79Sr80Y81Zr82Nb83Mo85Ru45
4264Ti65V66Cr67Mn68Fe69Co70Ni71Cu72Zn73Ga74Ge75As76Se77Br78Kr79Rb80Sr81Y82Zr83Nb84Mo86RuRh46
4366V67Cr68Mn69Fe70Co71Ni72Cu73Zn74Ga75Ge76As77Se78Br79Kr80Rb81Sr82Y83Zr84Nb85Mo86Tc87RuPd47
4467V68Cr69Mn70Fe71Co72Ni73Cu74Zn75Ga76Ge77As78Se79Br80Kr81Rb82Sr83Y84Zr85Nb86Mo87Tc88Ru89Rh90PdAg48
4569Cr70Mn71Fe72Co73Ni74Cu75Zn76Ga77Ge78As79Se80Br81Kr82Rb83Sr84Y85Zr86Nb87Mo88Tc89Ru90Rh91Pd92AgCd49
4670Cr71Mn72Fe73Co74Ni75Cu76Zn77Ga78Ge79As80Se81Br82Kr83Rb84Sr85Y86Zr87Nb88Mo89Tc90Ru91Rh92Pd93Ag94CdIn
4772Mn73Fe74Co75Ni76Cu77Zn78Ga79Ge80As81Se82Br83Kr84Rb85Sr86Y87Zr88Nb89Mo90Tc91Ru92Rh93Pd94Ag95Cd96In50
4873Mn74Fe75Co76Ni77Cu78Zn79Ga80Ge81As82Se83Br84Kr85Rb86Sr87Y 88Zr89Nb90Mo91Tc92Ru93Rh94Pd95Ag96Cd97InSn
4975Fe76Co77Ni78Cu79Zn80Ga81Ge82As83Se84Br85Kr86Rb87Sr88Y 89Zr90Nb91Mo92Tc93Ru94Rh95Pd96Ag97Cd98In99Sn51
5076Fe77Co78Ni79Cu80Zn81Ga82Ge83As84Se85Br86Kr87Rb88Sr89Y 90Zr91Nb92Mo93Tc94Ru95Rh96Pd97Ag98Cd99In100SnSb52
5178Co79Ni80Cu81Zn82Ga83Ge84As85Se86Br87Kr88Rb89Sr90Y 91Zr92Nb93Mo94Tc95Ru96Rh97Pd98Ag99Cd100In101SnTe53
5280Ni81Cu82Zn83Ga84Ge85As86Se87Br88Kr89Rb90Sr91Y 92Zr93Nb94Mo95Tc96Ru97Rh98Pd99Ag100Cd101In102Sn103Sb104TeI54
5381Ni82Cu83Zn84Ga85Ge86As87Se88Br89Kr90Rb91Sr92Y93Zr94Nb95Mo96Tc97Ru98Rh99Pd100Ag101Cd102In103Sn104Sb105TeXe
5482Ni83Cu84Zn85Ga86Ge87As88Se89Br90Kr91Rb92Sr93Y94Zr95Nb96Mo97Tc98Ru99Rh100Pd101Ag102Cd103In104Sn105Sb106Te108Xe55
5585Zn86Ga87Ge88As89Se90Br91Kr92Rb93Sr94Y95Zr96Nb97Mo98Tc99Ru100Rh101Pd102Ag103Cd104In105Sn106Sb107Te108I109XeCs56
5687Ga88Ge89As90Se91Br92Kr93Rb94Sr95Y96Zr97Nb98Mo99Tc100Ru101Rh102Pd103Ag104Cd105In106Sn107Sb108Te109I110XeBa
5789Ge90As91Se92Br93Kr94Rb95Sr96Y97Zr98Nb99Mo100Tc101Ru102Rh103Pd104Ag105Cd106In107Sn108Sb109Te110I111Xe112Cs57
5890Ge91As92Se93Br94Kr95Rb96Sr97Y98Zr99Nb100Mo101Tc102Ru103Rh104Pd105Ag106Cd107In108Sn109Sb110Te111I112Xe113Cs114BaLa
5992As93Se94Br95Kr96Rb97Sr98Y99Zr100Nb101Mo102Tc103Ru104Rh105Pd106Ag107Cd108In109Sn110Sb111Te112I113Xe114Cs115Ba58
6094Se95Br96Kr97Rb98Sr99Y100Zr101Nb102Mo103Tc104Ru105Rh106Pd107Ag108Cd109In110Sn111Sb112Te113I114Xe115Cs116Ba117LaCe59
6195Se96Br97Kr98Rb99Sr100Y101Zr102Nb103Mo104Tc105Ru106Rh107Pd108Ag109Cd110In111Sn112Sb113Te114I115Xe116Cs117Ba118LaPr
6297Br98Kr99Rb100Sr101Y102Zr103Nb104Mo105Tc106Ru107Rh108Pd109Ag110Cd111In112Sn113Sb114Te115I116Xe117Cs118Ba119La121Pr60
6398Br99Kr100Rb101Sr102Y103Zr104Nb105Mo106Tc107Ru108Rh109Pd110Ag111Cd112In113Sn114Sb115Te116I117Xe118Cs119Ba120La121Ce122PrNd61
64100Kr101Rb102Sr103Y104Zr105Nb106Mo107Tc108Ru109Rh110Pd111Ag112Cd113In114Sn115Sb116Te117I118Xe119Cs120Ba121La122Ce123PrPm62
65101Kr102Rb103Sr104Y105Zr106Nb107Mo108Tc109Ru110Rh111Pd112Ag113Cd114In115Sn116Sb117Te118I119Xe120Cs121Ba122La123Ce124Pr125NdSm63
66101Br102Kr103Rb104Sr105Y106Zr107Nb108Mo109Tc110Ru111Rh112Pd113Ag114Cd115In116Sn117Sb118Te119I120Xe121Cs122Ba123La124Ce125Pr126NdEu
67104Rb105Sr106Y107Zr108Nb109Mo110Tc111Ru112Rh113Pd114Ag115Cd116In117Sn118Sb119Te120I121Xe122Cs123Ba124La125Ce126Pr127Nd128Pm129Sm130Eu64
68105Rb106Sr107Y108Zr109Nb110Mo111Tc112Ru113Rh114Pd115Ag116Cd117In118Sn119Sb120Te121I122Xe123Cs124Ba125La126Ce127Pr128Nd129Pm130Sm131EuGd65
69106Rb107Sr108Y109Zr110Nb111Mo112Tc113Ru114Rh115Pd116Ag117Cd118In119Sn120Sb121Te122I123Xe124Cs125Ba126La127Ce128Pr129Nd130Pm131SmTb
70108Sr109Y110Zr111Nb112Mo113Tc114Ru115Rh116Pd117Ag118Cd119In120Sn121Sb122Te123I124Xe125Cs126Ba127La128Ce129Pr130Nd131Pm132Sm135Tb66
71110Y111Zr112Nb113Mo114Tc115Ru116Rh117Pd118Ag119Cd120In121Sn122Sb123Te124I125Xe126Cs127Ba128La129Ce130Pr131Nd132Pm133Sm134Eu135GdDy67
72111Y112Zr113Nb114Mo115Tc116Ru117Rh118Pd119Ag120Cd121In122Sn123Sb124Te125I126Xe127Cs128Ba129La130Ce131Pr132Nd133Pm134Sm135Eu136GdHo68
73113Zr114Nb115Mo116Tc117Ru118Rh119Pd120Ag121Cd122In123Sn124Sb125Te126I127Xe128Cs129Ba130La131Ce132Pr133Nd134Pm135Sm136Eu137Gd138Tb139Dy140HoEr69
74115Nb116Mo117Tc118Ru119Rh120Pd121Ag122Cd123In124Sn125Sb126Te127I128Xe129Cs130Ba131La132Ce133Pr134Nd135Pm136Sm137Eu138Gd139Tb140Dy141HoTm
75116Nb117Mo118Tc119Ru120Rh121Pd122Ag123Cd124In125Sn126Sb127Te128I129Xe130Cs131Ba132La133Ce134Pr135Nd136Pm137Sm138Eu139Gd140Tb141Dy142Ho143Er144Tm
76117Nb118Mo119Tc120Ru121Rh122Pd123Ag124Cd125In126Sn127Sb128Te129I130Xe131Cs132Ba133La134Ce135Pr136Nd137Pm138Sm139Eu140Gd141Tb142Dy143Ho144Er145Tm70
77119Mo120Tc121Ru122Rh123Pd124Ag125Cd126In127Sn128Sb129Te130I131Xe132Cs133Ba134La135Ce136Pr137Nd138Pm139Sm140Eu141Gd142Tb143Dy144Ho145Er146TmYb71
78121Tc122Ru123Rh124Pd125Ag126Cd127In128Sn129Sb130Te131I132Xe133Cs134Ba135La136Ce137Pr138Nd139Pm140Sm141Eu142Gd143Tb144Dy145Ho146Er147TmLu
79122Tc123Ru124Rh125Pd126Ag127Cd128In129Sn130Sb131Te132I133Xe134Cs135Ba136La137Ce138Pr139Nd140Pm141Sm142Eu143Gd144Tb145Dy146Ho147Er148Tm149Yb150Lu72
80124Ru125Rh126Pd127Ag128Cd129In130Sn131Sb132Te133I134Xe135Cs136Ba137La138Ce139Pr140Nd141Pm142Sm143Eu144Gd145Tb146Dy147Ho148Er149Tm150Yb151LuHf7374
81125Ru126Rh127Pd128Ag129Cd130In131Sn132Sb133Te134I135Xe136Cs137Ba138La139Ce140Pr141Nd142Pm143Sm144Eu145Gd146Tb147Dy148Ho149Er150Tm151Yb152Lu153HfTaW
82127Rh128Pd129Ag130Cd131In132Sn133Sb134Te135I136Xe137Cs138Ba139La140Ce141Pr142Nd143Pm144Sm145Eu146Gd147Tb148Dy149Ho150Er151Tm152Yb153Lu154Hf155Ta156W7576
83128Rh129Pd130Ag131Cd132In133Sn134Sb135Te136I137Xe138Cs139Ba140La141Ce142Pr143Nd144Pm145Sm146Eu147Gd148Tb149Dy150Ho151Er152Tm153Yb154Lu155Hf156Ta157WReOs
84130Pd131Ag132Cd133In134Sn135Sb136Te137I138Xe139Cs140Ba141La142Ce143Pr144Nd145Pm146Sm147Eu148Gd149Tb150Dy151Ho152Er153Tm154Yb155Lu156Hf157Ta158W159Re160Os77
85131Pd132Ag133Cd134In135Sn136Sb137Te138I139Xe140Cs141Ba142La143Ce144Pr145Nd146Pm147Sm148Eu149Gd150Tb151Dy152Ho153Er154Tm155Yb156Lu157Hf158Ta159W160Re161OsIr78
86134Cd135In136Sn137Sb138Te139I140Xe141Cs142Ba143La144Ce145Pr146Nd147Pm148Sm149Eu150Gd151Tb152Dy153Ho154Er155Tm156Yb157Lu158Hf159Ta160W161Re162OsPt
87136In137Sn138Sb139Te140I141Xe142Cs143Ba144La145Ce146Pr147Nd148Pm149Sm150Eu151Gd152Tb153Dy154Ho155Er156Tm157Yb158Lu159Hf160Ta161W162Re163Os165Pt79
88137In138Sn139Sb140Te141I142Xe143Cs144Ba145La146Ce147Pr148Nd149Pm150Sm151Eu152Gd153Tb154Dy155Ho156Er157Tm158Yb159Lu160Hf161Ta162W163Re164Os165Ir166PtAu80
89139Sn140Sb141Te142I143Xe144Cs145Ba146La147Ce148Pr149Nd150Pm151Sm152Eu153Gd154Tb155Dy156Ho157Er158Tm159Yb160Lu161Hf162Ta163W164Re165Os166Ir167PtHg
90140Sn141Sb142Te143I144Xe145Cs146Ba147La148Ce149Pr150Nd151Pm152Sm153Eu154Gd155Tb156Dy157Ho158Er159Tm160Yb161Lu162Hf163Ta164W165Re166Os167Ir168Pt170Hg
91142Sb143Te144I145Xe146Cs147Ba148La149Ce150Pr151Nd152Pm153Sm154Eu155Gd156Tb157Dy158Ho159Er160Tm161Yb162Lu163Hf164Ta165W166Re167Os168Ir169Pt170Au171Hg
92144Te145I146Xe147Cs148Ba149La150Ce151Pr152Nd153Pm154Sm155Eu156Gd157Tb158Dy159Ho160Er161Tm162Yb163Lu164Hf165Ta166W167Re168Os169Ir170Pt171Au172Hg
93145Te146I147Xe148Cs149Ba150La151Ce152Pr153Nd154Pm155Sm156Eu157Gd158Tb159Dy160Ho161Er162Tm163Yb164Lu165Hf166Ta167W168Re169Os170Ir171Pt172Au173Hg81
94147I148Xe149Cs150Ba151La152Ce153Pr154Nd155Pm156Sm157Eu158Gd159Tb160Dy161Ho162Er163Tm164Yb165Lu166Hf167Ta168W169Re170Os171Ir172Pt173Au174HgTl82
95149Xe150Cs151Ba152La153Ce154Pr155Nd156Pm157Sm158Eu159Gd160Tb161Dy162Ho163Er164Tm165Yb166Lu167Hf168Ta169W170Re171Os172Ir173Pt174Au175Hg176TlPb
96150Xe151Cs152Ba153La154Ce155Pr156Nd157Pm158Sm159Eu160Gd161Tb162Dy163Ho164Er165Tm166Yb167Lu168Hf169Ta170W171Re172Os173Ir174Pt175Au176Hg177Tl178Pb
97152Cs153Ba154La155Ce156Pr157Nd158Pm159Sm160Eu161Gd162Tb163Dy164Ho165Er166Tm167Yb168Lu169Hf170Ta171W172Re173Os174Ir175Pt176Au177Hg178Tl179Pb
98154Ba155La156Ce157Pr158Nd159Pm160Sm161Eu162Gd163Tb164Dy165Ho166Er167Tm168Yb169Lu170Hf171Ta172W173Re174Os175Ir176Pt177Au178Hg179Tl180Pb
99156La157Ce158Pr159Nd160Pm161Sm162Eu163Gd164Tb165Dy166Ho167Er168Tm169Yb170Lu171Hf172Ta173W174Re175Os176Ir177Pt178Au179Hg180Tl181Pb83
100157La158Ce159Pr160Nd161Pm162Sm163Eu164Gd165Tb166Dy167Ho168Er169Tm170Yb171Lu172Hf173Ta174W175Re176Os177Ir178Pt179Au180Hg181Tl182PbBi84
101160Pr161Nd162Pm163Sm164Eu165Gd166Tb167Dy168Ho169Er170Tm171Yb172Lu173Hf174Ta175W176Re177Os178Ir179Pt180Au181Hg182Tl183Pb184BiPo85
102161Pr162Nd163Pm164Sm165Eu166Gd167Tb168Dy169Ho170Er171Tm172Yb173Lu174Hf175Ta176W177Re178Os179Ir180Pt181Au182Hg183Tl184Pb185Bi186PoAt
103163Nd164Pm165Sm166Eu167Gd168Tb169Dy170Ho171Er172Tm173Yb174Lu175Hf176Ta177W178Re179Os180Ir181Pt182Au183Hg184Tl185Pb186Bi187Po188At
104165Pm166Sm167Eu168Gd169Tb170Dy171Ho172Er173Tm174Yb175Lu176Hf177Ta178W179Re180Os181Ir182Pt183Au184Hg185Tl186Pb187Bi188Po
105166Pm167Sm168Eu169Gd170Tb171Dy172Ho173Er174Tm175Yb176Lu177Hf178Ta179W180Re181Os182Ir183Pt184Au185Hg186Tl187Pb188Bi189Po190At86
106168Sm169Eu170Gd171Tb172Dy173Ho174Er175Tm176Yb177Lu178Hf179Ta180W181Re182Os183Ir184Pt185Au186Hg187Tl188Pb189Bi190Po191AtRn
107170Eu171Gd172Tb173Dy174Ho175Er176Tm177Yb178Lu179Hf180Ta181W182Re183Os184Ir185Pt186Au187Hg188Tl189Pb190Bi191Po192At193Rn
108172Gd173Tb174Dy175Ho176Er177Tm178Yb179Lu180Hf181Ta182W183Re184Os185Ir186Pt187Au188Hg189Tl190Pb191Bi192Po193At194Rn87
109174Tb175Dy176Ho177Er178Tm179Yb180Lu181Hf182Ta183W 184Re185Os186Ir187Pt188Au189Hg190Tl191Pb192Bi193Po194At195RnFr
110176Dy177Ho178Er179Tm180Yb181Lu182Hf183Ta184W185Re186Os187Ir188Pt189Au190Hg191Tl192Pb193Bi194Po195At196Rn197Fr
111178Ho179Er180Tm181Yb182Lu183Hf184Ta185W 186Re187Os188Ir189Pt190Au191Hg192Tl193Pb194Bi195Po196At197Rn198Fr88
112180Er181Tm182Yb183Lu184Hf185Ta186W187Re188Os189Ir190Pt191Au192Hg193Tl194Pb195Bi196Po197At198Rn199FrRa89
113182Tm183Yb184Lu185Hf186Ta187W188Re189Os190Ir191Pt192Au193Hg194Tl195Pb196Bi197Po198At199Rn200Fr201RaAc
114183Tm184Yb185Lu186Hf187Ta188W189Re190Os191Ir192Pt193Au194Hg195Tl196Pb197Bi198Po199At200Rn201Fr202Ra203Ac
115185Yb186Lu187Hf188Ta189W190Re191Os192Ir193Pt194Au195Hg196Tl197Pb198Bi199Po200At201Rn202Fr203Ra204Ac90
116186Yb187Lu188Hf189Ta190W191Re192Os193Ir194Pt195Au196Hg197Tl198Pb199Bi200Po201At202Rn203Fr204Ra205AcTh
117187Yb188Lu189Hf190Ta191W192Re193Os194Ir195Pt196Au197Hg198Tl199Pb200Bi201Po202At203Rn204Fr205Ra206Ac207Th
118189Lu190Hf191Ta192W193Re194Os195Ir196Pt197Au198Hg199Tl200Pb201Bi202Po203At204Rn205Fr206Ra207Ac208Th91
119190Lu191Hf192Ta193W194Re195Os196Ir197Pt198Au199Hg200Tl201Pb202Bi203Po204At205Rn206Fr207Ra208Ac209ThPa
120192Hf193Ta194W195Re196Os197Ir198Pt199Au200Hg201Tl202Pb203Bi204Po205At206Rn207Fr208Ra209Ac210Th211Pa92
121194Ta195W196Re197Os198Ir199Pt200Au201Hg202Tl203Pb204Bi205Po206At207Rn208Fr209Ra210Ac211Th212PaU
122196W197Re198Os199Ir200Pt201Au202Hg203Tl204Pb205Bi206Po207At208Rn209Fr210Ra211Ac212Th213Pa214U
123197W198Re199Os200Ir201Pt202Au203Hg204Tl205Pb206Bi207Po208At209Rn210Fr211Ra212Ac213Th214Pa215U
124199Re200Os201Ir202Pt203Au204Hg205Tl206Pb207Bi208Po209At210Rn211Fr212Ra213Ac214Th215Pa216U93
125201Os202Ir203Pt204Au205Hg206Tl207Pb208Bi209Po210At211Rn212Fr213Ra214Ac215Th216Pa217UNp94
126202Os203Ir204Pt205Au206Hg207Tl208Pb209Bi210Po211At212Rn213Fr214Ra215Ac216Th217Pa218U219NpPu95
127203Os204Ir205Pt206Au207Hg208Tl209Pb210Bi211Po212At213Rn214Fr215Ra216Ac217Th218Pa219U220NpAm
128205Ir206Pt207Au208Hg209Tl210Pb211Bi212Po213At214Rn215Fr216Ra217Ac218Th219Pa
129207Pt208Au209Hg210Tl211Pb212Bi213Po214At215Rn216Fr217Ra218Ac219Th220Pa221U222Np
130208Pt209Au210Hg211Tl212Pb213Bi214Po215At216Rn217Fr218Ra219Ac220Th221Pa222U223Np
131210Au211Hg212Tl213Pb214Bi215Po216At217Rn218Fr219Ra220Ac221Th222Pa223U224Np9697
132212Hg213Tl214Pb215Bi216Po217At218Rn219Fr220Ra221Ac222Th223Pa224U225Np226PuCmBk
133213Hg214Tl215Pb216Bi217Po218At219Rn220Fr221Ra222Ac223Th224Pa225U226Np227Pu
134214Hg215Tl216Pb217Bi218Po219At220Rn221Fr222Ra223Ac224Th225Pa226U227Np228Pu229Am
135215Hg216Tl217Pb218Bi219Po220At221Rn222Fr223Ra224Ac225Th226Pa227U228Np229Pu230Am
136216Hg217Tl218Pb219Bi220Po221At222Rn223Fr224Ra225Ac226Th227Pa228U229Np230Pu233Bk
137219Pb220Bi221Po222At223Rn224Fr225Ra226Ac227Th228Pa229U230Np231Pu232Am233Cm234Bk98
138220Pb221Bi222Po223At224Rn225Fr226Ra227Ac228Th229Pa230U231Np232Pu233Am234CmCf99
139222Bi223Po224At225Rn226Fr227Ra228Ac229Th230Pa231U232Np233Pu234Am235Cm236Bk237CfEs100
140223Bi224Po225At226Rn227Fr228Ra229Ac230Th231Pa232U233Np234Pu235Am236Cm238CfFm
141224Bi225Po226At227Rn228Fr229Ra230Ac231Th232Pa233U234Np235Pu236Am237Cm238Bk239Cf240Es241Fm101
142226Po227At228Rn229Fr230Ra231Ac232Th233Pa234U235Np236Pu237Am238Cm240Cf241Es242FmMd
143227Po228At229Rn230Fr231Ra232Ac233Th234Pa235U236Np237Pu238Am239Cm240Bk241Cf242Es243Fm244Md
144229At230Rn231Fr232Ra233Ac234Th235Pa236U237Np238Pu239Am240Cm241Bk242Cf243Es244Fm245Md102
145230At231Rn232Fr233Ra234Ac235Th236Pa237U238Np239Pu240Am241Cm242Bk243Cf244Es245Fm246MdNo
146232Rn233Fr234Ra235Ac236Th237Pa238U239Np240Pu241Am242Cm243Bk244Cf245Es246Fm247Md103104
147236Ac237Th238Pa239U240Np241Pu242Am243Cm244Bk245Cf246Es247Fm248Md249NoLrRf
148238Th239Pa240U241Np242Pu243Am244Cm245Bk246Cf247Es248Fm249Md250No251Lr252Rf105
149241U242Np243Pu244Am245Cm246Bk247Cf248Es249Fm250Md251No252Lr253RfDb
150242U243Np244Pu245Am246Cm247Bk248Cf249Es250Fm251Md252No253Lr254Rf255Db106
151244Np245Pu246Am247Cm248Bk249Cf250Es251Fm252Md253No254Lr255Rf256DbSg107
152246Pu247Am248Cm249Bk250Cf251Es252Fm253Md254No255Lr256Rf257Db258SgBh
153247Pu249Cm250Bk251Cf252Es253Fm254Md255No256Lr257Rf258Db259Sg260Bh108
154250Cm251Bk252Cf253Es254Fm255Md256No257Lr258Rf259Db260Sg261BhHs109
155251Cm252Bk253Cf254Es255Fm256Md257No258Lr259Rf260Db261Sg262Bh263HsMt110
156253Bk254Cf255Es256Fm257Md258No259Lr260Rf261Db262Sg264HsDs
157255Cf256Es257Fm258Md259No260Lr261Rf262Db263Sg264Bh265Hs266Mt267Ds
158256Cf257Es258Fm259Md260No261Lr262Rf263Db264Sg265Bh266Hs
159259Fm260Md262Lr263Rf265Sg266Bh267Hs268Mt269Ds111
160260Fm262No266Sg267Bh268Hs270DsRg
161264Lr265Rf266Db267Sg269Hs270Mt271Ds272Rg
162267Db268Sg270Hs112
163266Lr267Rf268Db269Sg270Bh271Hs273Ds274RgCn113
164271Bh272HsNh
165270Db271Sg272Bh273Hs274Mt275Ds277Cn278Nh
166275Mt276Ds
167274Bh275Hs276Mt277Ds278Rg
168277Mt279Rg280Cn114
169277Hs278Mt279Ds280Rg281Cn282NhFl115
170280Ds281Rg282Cn283Nh284FlMc116
171281Ds282Rg283Cn284Nh285Fl286McLv
172284Cn285Nh286Fl287Mc288Lv117
173285Cn286Nh287Fl288Mc289LvTs118
174288Fl289Mc290LvOg
175289Fl290Mc291Lv
176292Lv293Ts294Og
177293Lv294Ts
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References

  1. J. Byrne (2011). Neutrons, Nuclei and Matter: An Exploration of the Physics of Slow Neutrons. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0486482385. 978-0486482385

  2. Kurt Guggenheimer. Journal de Physique et le Radium 5 (1934) 253

  3. Giorgio Fea. Il Nuovo Cimento 2 (1935) 368

  4. "What We Do: The Chart of Nuclides". Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018161734/http://www.knollslab.com/nuclides.html

  5. Holden,CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition §11

  6. The data for these tables came from Brookhaven National Laboratory, which has an interactive Table of Nuclides with data on ~3000 nuclides. /wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory