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Isotopes of tennessine
Isotopes of the chemical element Tennissine

Tennessine (117Ts) is the most-recently synthesized synthetic element, and much of the data is hypothetical. As for any synthetic element, a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all synthetic elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first (and so far only) isotopes to be synthesized were 293Ts and 294Ts in 2009. The longer-lived isotope is 294Ts with a half-life of 51 ms.

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List of isotopes

NuclideZNIsotopic mass (Da)123Half-life4Decaymode5DaughterisotopeSpin andparity6
293Ts117176293.20873(84)#22+8−4 ms[25(6) ms]α289Mc
294Ts117177294.21084(64)#51+38−16 ms[70(30) ms]α290Mc
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Isotopes and nuclear properties

Nucleosynthesis

Target-projectile combinations leading to Z=117 compound nuclei

The below table contains various combinations of targets and projectiles that could be used to form compound nuclei with atomic number 117.

TargetProjectileCNAttempt result
208Pb81Br289TsYet to be attempted
209Bi82Se291TsYet to be attempted
238U55Mn293TsYet to be attempted
243Am50Ti293TsYet to be attempted
249Bk48Ca297TsSuccessful reaction

Hot fusion

249Bk(48Ca,xn)297−xTs (x=3,4)

Between July 2009 and February 2010, the team at the JINR (Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions) ran a 7-month-long experiment to synthesize tennessine using the reaction above.7 The expected cross-section was of the order of 2 pb. The expected evaporation residues, 293Ts and 294Ts, were predicted to decay via relatively long decay chains as far as isotopes of dubnium or lawrencium.

The team published a paper in April 2010 (first results were presented in January 20108) that six atoms of the isotopes 294Ts (one atom) and 293Ts (five atoms) were detected. 294Ts decayed by six alpha decays down as far as the new isotope 270Db, which underwent apparent spontaneous fission. The lighter odd-even isotope underwent just three alpha decays, as far as 281Rg, which underwent spontaneous fission. The reaction was run at two different excitation energies, 35 MeV (dose 2×1019) and 39 MeV (dose 2.4×1019). Initial decay data was published as a preliminary presentation on the JINR website.9

A further experiment in May 2010, aimed at studying the chemistry of the granddaughter of tennessine, nihonium, identified a further two atoms of 286Nh from decay of 294Ts. The original experiment was repeated successfully by the same collaboration in 2012 and by a joint German–American team in May 2014, confirming the discovery.

Chronology of isotope discovery

IsotopeYear discoveredReaction
294Ts2009249Bk(48Ca,3n)
293Ts2009249Bk(48Ca,4n)

Theoretical calculations

Evaporation residue cross sections

The below table contains various targets-projectile combinations for which calculations have provided estimates for cross section yields from various neutron evaporation channels. The channel with the highest expected yield is given.

DNS = Di-nuclear system; σ = cross section

TargetProjectileCNChannel (product)σmaxModelRef
209Bi82Se291Ts1n (290Ts)15 fbDNS10
209Bi79Se288Ts1n (287Ts)0.2 pbDNS11
232Th59Co291Ts2n (289Ts)0.1 pbDNS12
238U55Mn293Ts2-3n (291,290Ts)70 fbDNS13
244Pu51V295Ts3n (292Ts)0.6 pbDNS14
248Cm45Sc293Ts4n (289Ts)2.9 pbDNS15
246Cm45Sc291Ts4n (287Ts)1 pbDNS16
249Bk48Ca297Ts3n (294Ts)2.1 pb ; 3 pbDNS1718
247Bk48Ca295Ts3n (292Ts)0.8, 0.9 pbDNS1920

Decay characteristics

Theoretical calculations in a quantum tunneling model with mass estimates from a macroscopic-microscopic model predict the alpha-decay half-lives of isotopes of tennessine (namely, 289–303Ts) to be around 0.1–40 ms.212223

References

  1. Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. ↩

  3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS). ↩

  4. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf ↩

  5. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf ↩

  6. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf ↩

  7. Tennessine – the 117th element at AtomInfo.ru http://www.atominfo.ru/en/news/e0298.htm ↩

  8. Recommendations: 31st meeting, PAC for Nuclear Physics Archived 2010-04-14 at the Wayback Machine http://www.jinr.ru/img_sections/PAC/NP/31/PAK_NP_31_recom_eng.pdf ↩

  9. Walter Grenier: Recommendations, a PowerPoint presentation at the January 2010 meeting of the PAC for Nuclear Physics http://ftp.jinr.ru/SC107/Presentations/Greiner.ppt ↩

  10. Zhao-Qing, Feng; Gen-Ming, Jin; Ming-Hui, Huang; Zai-Guo, Gan; Nan, Wang; Jun-Qing, Li (2007). "Possible Way to Synthesize Superheavy Element Z = 117". Chinese Physics Letters. 24 (9): 2551. arXiv:0708.0159. Bibcode:2007ChPhL..24.2551F. doi:10.1088/0256-307X/24/9/024. S2CID 250860387. /wiki/ArXiv_(identifier) ↩

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  13. Zhao-Qing, Feng; Gen-Ming, Jin; Ming-Hui, Huang; Zai-Guo, Gan; Nan, Wang; Jun-Qing, Li (2007). "Possible Way to Synthesize Superheavy Element Z = 117". Chinese Physics Letters. 24 (9): 2551. arXiv:0708.0159. Bibcode:2007ChPhL..24.2551F. doi:10.1088/0256-307X/24/9/024. S2CID 250860387. /wiki/ArXiv_(identifier) ↩

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  20. Feng, Z; Jin, G; Li, J; Scheid, W (2009). "Production of heavy and superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions". Nuclear Physics A. 816 (1–4): 33. arXiv:0803.1117. Bibcode:2009NuPhA.816...33F. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.11.003. S2CID 18647291. /wiki/ArXiv_(identifier) ↩

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