Menu
Home Explore People Places Arts History Plants & Animals Science Life & Culture Technology
On this page
Population growth
Increase in the number of individuals in a population

Population growth—the increase in the number of people in a population—has expanded the global population from 1 billion in 1800 to 8.2 billion in 2025, with an annual growth rate near 0.85%. Since the Black Death, advances in agricultural productivity and medicine fueled growth, though many developed nations now experience slowed increases due to the demographic transition. Population growth combined with increased consumption drives environmental concerns like biodiversity loss and climate change through overexploitation. Global efforts, including the Sustainable Development Goals, aim to balance human development with environmental sustainability amid expected population peaks around 10 billion by the 2080s.

Related Image Collections Add Image
Profiles
1 Image
We don't have any YouTube videos related to Population growth yet.
We don't have any PDF documents related to Population growth yet.
We don't have any Books related to Population growth yet.

History

World population has been rising continuously since the end of the Black Death, around the year 1350.12 Population began growing rapidly in the Western world during the industrial revolution. The most significant increase in the world's population has been since the 1950s, mainly due to medical advancements13 and increases in agricultural productivity.1415

Haber process

Main article: Haber process § Economic and environmental aspects

Due to its dramatic impact on the human ability to grow food, the Haber process, named after one of its inventors, the German chemist Fritz Haber, served as the "detonator of the population explosion", enabling the global population to increase from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion by November 2019.16

Thomas McKeown hypotheses

Some of the reasons for the "Modern Rise of Population"17 were particularly investigated by the British health scientist Thomas McKeown (1912–1988). In his publications, McKeown challenged four theories about the population growth:

  1. McKeown stated that the growth in Western population, particularly surging in the 19th century, was not so much caused by an increase in fertility, but largely by a decline of mortality particularly of childhood mortality followed by infant mortality,1819
  2. The decline of mortality could largely be attributed to rising standards of living, whereby McKeown put most emphasis on improved nutritional status,
  3. McKeown questioned the effectiveness of public health measures, including sanitary reforms, vaccination and quarantine,20
  4. The “McKeown thesis" states that curative medicine measures played little role in mortality decline, not only prior to the mid-20th century21 but also until well into the 20th century.22

Although the McKeown thesis has been heavily disputed, recent studies have confirmed the value of his ideas.23 His work is pivotal for present day thinking about population growth, birth control, public health and medical care. McKeown had a major influence on many population researchers, such as health economists and Nobel prize winners Robert W. Fogel (1993) and Angus Deaton (2015). The latter considered McKeown as "the founder of social medicine".24

Growth rate models

The "population growth rate" is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, population growth rate refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period. This can be written as the formula, valid for a sufficiently small time interval:

P o p u l a t i o n   g r o w t h   r a t e = P ( t 2 ) − P ( t 1 ) P ( t 1 ) ( t 2 − t 1 ) {\displaystyle Population\ growth\ rate={\frac {P(t_{2})-P(t_{1})}{P(t_{1})(t_{2}-t_{1})}}}

A positive growth rate indicates that the population is increasing, while a negative growth rate indicates that the population is decreasing. A growth ratio of zero indicates that there were the same number of individuals at the beginning and end of the period—a growth rate may be zero even when there are significant changes in the birth rates, death rates, immigration rates, and age distribution between the two times.25

A related measure is the net reproduction rate. In the absence of migration, a net reproduction rate of more than 1 indicates that the population of females is increasing, while a net reproduction rate less than one (sub-replacement fertility) indicates that the population of females is decreasing.

Most populations do not grow exponentially, rather they follow a logistic model. Once the population has reached its carrying capacity, it will stabilize and the exponential curve will level off towards the carrying capacity, which is usually when a population has depleted most its natural resources.26 In the world human population, growth may be said to have been following a linear trend throughout the last few decades.27

Logistic equation

The growth of a population can often be modelled by the logistic equation28

d P d t = r P ( 1 − P K ) , {\displaystyle {\frac {dP}{dt}}=rP\left(1-{\frac {P}{K}}\right),}

where

  • P ( t ) {\displaystyle P(t)} = the population after time t;
  • t {\displaystyle t} = time a population grows;
  • r {\displaystyle r} = the relative growth rate coefficient;
  • K {\displaystyle K} = the carrying capacity of the population; defined by ecologists as the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.29

As it is a separable differential equation, the population may be solved explicitly, producing a logistic function:

P ( t ) = K 1 + A e − r t {\displaystyle P(t)={\frac {K}{1+Ae^{-rt}}}} ,

where A = K − P 0 P 0 {\displaystyle A={\frac {K-P_{0}}{P_{0}}}} and P 0 {\displaystyle P_{0}} is the initial population at time 0.

Global population growth rate

Further information: Total fertility rate, Estimates of historical world population, and Population dynamics

See also: Human overpopulation and Overshoot (population)

The world population growth rate peaked in 1963 at 2.2% per year and subsequently declined.30 In 2017, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%.31 The CIA World Factbook gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.86%, 0.78%, and 1.08% respectively.32 The last 100 years have seen a massive fourfold increase in the population, due to medical advances, lower mortality rates, and an increase in agricultural productivity made possible by the Green Revolution.33

The annual increase in the number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million.34 Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, and also in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.35

In some countries the population is declining, especially in Eastern Europe, mainly due to low fertility rates, high death rates and emigration. In Southern Africa, growth is slowing due to the high number of AIDS-related deaths. Some Western Europe countries might also experience population decline.36 Japan's population began decreasing in 2005.37

The United Nations Population Division projects world population to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the 21st century. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projects that the global population will peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion and decline to 8.89 billion in 2100. 38 A 2014 study in Science concludes that the global population will reach 11 billion by 2100, with a 70% chance of continued growth into the 22nd century.3940 The German Foundation for World Population reported in December 2019 that the global human population grows by 2.6 people every second, and could reach 8 billion by 2023.4142

Growth by country

Main article: List of countries by population growth rate

According to United Nations population statistics, the world population grew by 30%, or 1.6 billion humans, between 1990 and 2010.43 In number of people the increase was highest in India (350 million) and China (196 million). Population growth rate was among highest in the United Arab Emirates (315%) and Qatar (271%).44

Growth rates of the world's most populous countries
RankCountryPopulationAnnual Growth (%)
199020102020 (est.)451990–20102010–2020
World5,306,425,0006,895,889,0007,503,828,1801.3%0.8%
1 China1,139,060,0001,341,335,0001,384,688,9860.8%0.3%
2 India873,785,0001,224,614,0001,333,000,0001.7%0.9%
3 United States253,339,000310,384,000329,256,4651.0%0.6%
4 Indonesia184,346,000239,871,000262,787,4031.3%0.9%
5 Brazil149,650,000194,946,000208,846,8921.3%0.7%
6 Pakistan111,845,000173,593,000207,862,5182.2%1.8%
7 Nigeria97,552,000158,423,000203,452,5052.5%2.5%
8 Bangladesh105,256,000148,692,000159,453,0011.7%0.7%
9 Russia148,244,000142,958,000142,122,776-0.2%−0.1%
10 Japan122,251,000128,057,000126,168,1560.2%−0.1%

Many of the world's countries, including many in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, South Asia and South East Asia, have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the Cold War. The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc. in some of the less fortunate countries. For example, the population of Chad has ultimately grown from 6,279,921 in 1993 to 10,329,208 in 2009,46 further straining its resources. Vietnam, Mexico, Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the DRC are witnessing a similar growth in population.

The following table gives some example countries or territories:

Country/territoryPopulation inLife expectancyin years (2008)Total populationgrowth from 1960sto 2007–2011
19671990199420022008
Eritrea*N/A*N/A*3,437,000474,298,2695,673,5204861492,236,520
Ethiopia*23,457,000*5050,974,000* 5154,939,0005267,673,031(2003)79,221,00053555455,764,000
Sudan14,355,000†5525,204,000† 5627,361,000†5738,114,160 (2003)†42,272,000†5850†5927,917,000
Chad3,410,000605,679,000616,183,000629,253,493(2003)10,329,208 (2009)6347646,919,205
Niger3,546,000657,732,000668,846,0006710,790,352 (2001)15,306,252 (2009)68446911,760,252
Nigeria61,450,0007088,500,00071108,467,00072129,934,911158,259,00073477496,809,000
Mali4,745,000758,156,0007610,462,0007711,340,48014,517,176(2010)7850799,772,176
Mauritania1,050,000802,025,000 812,211,000822,667,859 (2003)3,291,000 (2009)8354842,241,000
Senegal3,607,000857,327,000868,102,000879,967,21513,711,597 (2009)88578910,104,597
Gambia343,00090861,000911,081,000921,367,124 (2000)1,705,0009355941,362,000
Algeria11,833,126 9525,012,0009627,325,000 9732,818,500 (2003)34,895,00098997410023,061,874
The DRC/Zaire16,353,00010135,562,00010242,552,00010355,225,478 (2003)70,916,439 1041055410654,563,439
Egypt30,083,419 10753,153,00010858,326,00010970,712,345 (2003)79,089,650 1101117211249,006,231
Réunion(overseas region of France)418,000113N/A114N/A115720,934 (2003)827,000 (2009) 116N/A117409,000
Falkland Islands(British Overseas Territory)2,500118N/A119N/A1202,967 (2003)3,140(2010)121N/A122640
Chile8,935,50012313,173,00012413,994,00012515,116,43517,224,200 (2011)771268,288,700
Colombia19,191,00012732,987,00012834,520,00012941,088,22745,925,397 (2010)1307313126,734,397
Brazil85,655,000132150,368,000133153,725,000134174,468,575 (2000)190,732,694 (2010) 13572136105,077,694
Mexico45,671,00013786,154,00013893,008,000139103,400,165 (2000)112,322,757 (2010)1407614166,651,757
Fiji476,727 (1966)142765,000143771,000144844,330 (2001)849,000145 (2010)70146372,273
Nauru6,050 14710,000148N/A14912,3299,322 (2011)150N/A1513,272
Jamaica1,876,0001522,420,0001532,429,0001542,695,867 (2003)2,847,232155(2010)74156971,232
Australia11,540,764 15717,086,00015817,843,00015919,546,792 (2003)27,143,718160 (2010)8216110,066,508
Albania1,965,500 (1964)1623,250,0001633,414,0001643,510,4842,986,952 (July 2010 est.)165166781671,021,452
Poland31,944,00016838,180,00016938,554,00017038,626,349 (2001)38,192,000 (2010)171751726,248,000
Hungary10,212,00017310,553,00017410,261,00017510,106,0179,979,000 (2010)17673177-142,000
Bulgaria8,226,564 (1965)1788,980,0001798,443,0001807,707,495(2000)7,351,234 (2011)18173182-875,330
United Kingdom55,068,000 (1966)18357,411,00018458,091,00018558,789,19462,008,048 (2010)186791877,020,048
Ireland2,884,002 (1966)1883,503,0001893,571,0001903,840,838 (2000)4,470,700191 (2010)781921,586,698
People's Republic of China720,000,0001931,139,060,0001941,208,841,0001951,286,975,468 (2004)1,339,724,852 (2010)19673197619,724,852
Japan‡98,274,961 (1965)198123,537,000199124,961,000200127,333,002127,420,000 (2010)2018220228,123,865
India#511,115,000203843,931,000204918,570,0002051,028,610,328 (2001)1,210,193,422 (2011)20669207699,078,422
Singapore1,956,000 (1967)2083,003,000 (1990) 2092,930,000 (1994)2104,452,732 (2002)5,076,700 (2010)21182 (2008)2123,120,700
Monaco24,000 (1967)21329,000 (1990) 214N/A (1994)21531,842 (2000)35,586216 (2010)(2008)21711,586
Greece8,716,000 (1967)21810,123,000 (1990) 21910,426,000 (1994)22010,964,020 (2001)22111,305,118 (2011)222N/A (2008)2232,589,118
Faroe Islands(Danish dependency)38,000 (1967)224N/A (1990) 225N/A (1994)22646,345 (2000)48,917 (2010) 227N/A (2008)22818,917
Liechtenstein20,000 (1967)22929,000 (1990) 230N/A (1994)23133,307 (2000)35,789 (2009)232(2008)23315,789
South Korea29,207,856 (1966)23442,793,000 (1990) 23544,453,000 (1994)23648,324,000 (2003)48,875,000 (2010) 237(2008)23819,667,144
North Korea12,700,000 (1967)23921,773,000 (1990) 24023,483,000 (1994)24122,224,195 (2002)24,051,218 (2010)242(2008)24311,351,218
Brunei107,200 (1967)244266,000 (1990) 245280,000 (1994)246332,844 (2001)401,890 (2011)24776 (2008)248306,609
Malaysia10,671,000 (1967)24917,861,000 (1990) 25019,489,000 (1994)25121,793,293 (2002)27,565,821 (2010)252(2008)25316,894,821
Thailand32,680,000 (1967)25457,196,000 (1990) 25559,396,000 (1994)25660,606,947 (2000)25763,878,267 (2011)258(2008)25931,198,267
Lebanon2,520,000 (1967)2602,701,000 (1990) 2612,915,000 (1994)2623,727,703263 (2003)4,224,000264 (2009)- (2008)265
Syria5,600,000 (1967)26612,116,000 (1990) 26713,844,000 (1994)26817,585,540 (2003)22,457,763 (2011)269-(2008)270
Bahrain182,00 (1967)271503,000 (1990) 272549,000 (1994)273667,238 (2003)1,234,596274 (2010)75 (2008)275
Sri Lanka11,741,000 (1967)27616,993,000 (1990) 27717,685,000 (1994)27819,607,519 (2002)20,238,000279 (2009)- (2008)280
Switzerland6,050,000 (1967)2816.712,000 (1990) 2826,994,000 (1994)2837,261,200 (2002)7,866,500284 (2010)- (2008)285
Luxembourg335,000 (1967)286381,000 (1990) 287401,000 (1994)288439,539 (2001)511,840 (2011)289- (2008)290
Romania19,105,056 (1966)29123,200,000 (1990)29222,736,000 (1994)29321,680,974 (2002)21,466,174294 (2011)- (2008)295
Niue(associated state of New Zealand)1,900 (1966)296N/A (1990)297N/A (1994)2982,134 (2002)1,398 (2009)299N/A (2008)300-502
Tokelau(New Zealand territory)5,194 (1966)301N/A (1990)302N/A (1994)3031,445 (2001)1,416 (2009)N/A (2008)304-3,778
Jamaica1,876,000 (1967)3052,420,000 (1990) 3062,429,000 (1994)3072,695,867 (2003)2,847,232308 (2010)74 (2008)309971,232
Argentina32,031,000 (1967)31032,322,000 (1990)31134,180,000 (1994)31237,812,817 (2002)40,091,359 (2010)74 (2008)3138,060,359
France49,890,660 (1967)31456,440,000 (1990)31557,747,000 (1994)31659,551,000 (2001)63,136,180 (2011)31781 (2008)318
Italy52,334,000 (1967)31957,662,000 (1990)32057,193,000 (1994)32156,995,744 (2002)60,605,053322 (2011)80 (2008)323
Mauritius774,000 (1967)3241,075,000 (1990)3251,104,000 (1994)3261,179,137 (2000)1,288,000 (2009)32775 (2008)328514,000
Guatemala4,717,000 (1967)3299,197,000 (1990)33010,322,000 (1994)33112,974,361 (2000)13,276,517 (2009)70 (2008)3328,559,517
Cuba8,033,000 (1967)33310,609,000 (1990)33410,960,000 (1994)33511,177,743 (2002)11,239,363 (2009)33677 (2008)337
Barbados246,000 (1967)338255,000 (1990) 339261,000 (1994)340250,012 (2001)284,589 (2010)34173 (2008)34218,589
Samoa131,377 (1967)343164,000 (1990) 344164,000 (1994)345178,173 (2003)179,000 (2009)346N/A (2008)347
Sweden7,765,981 (1967)3488,559,000 (1990) 3498,794,000 (1994)3508,920,705 (2002)9,354,462 (2009)81 (2008)351
Finland4,664,000 (1967)3524,986,000 (1990) 3535,095,000 (1994)3545,175,783 (2002)5,374,781 (2010)N/A (2008)355
Portugal9,440,000 (1967)35610,525,000 (1990)3579,830,000 (1994)35810,355,824 (2001)10,647,763359 (2011)N/A (2008)360
Austria7,323,981 (1967)3617,712,000 (1990) 3628,031,000 (1994)3638,032,926 (2001)8,404,252 (2011)N/A (2008)364
Libya1,738,000 (1967)3654,545,000 (1990)3665,225,000(1994)3675,499,074 (2002)6,420,000 (2009)36877 (2008)369
Peru12,385,000 (1967)37021,550,000 (1990)37123,080,000(1994)37227,949,639 (2002)29,496,000 (2010)70 (2008)373
Guinea Bissau528,000 (1967)374965,000 (1990) 3751,050,000 (1994)3761,345,479 (2002)1,647,000377 (2009)48 (2008)378
Angola5,203,066 (1967)37910,020,000 (1990)38010,674,000 (1994)38110,766,500 (2003)18,498,000382383 (2009)38 (2008)384
Equatorial Guinea277,000 (1967)385348,000 (1990)386389,000 (1994)387474,214 (2000)676,000 (2009)38861 (2008)389
Benin2,505,000 (1967)3904,736,000 (1990)3915,246,000 (1994)3928,500,500 (2002)8,791,832 (2009)59 (2008)393
Laos2,770,000 (1967)3944,139,000 (1990)3954,742,000 (1994)3965,635,967 (2002)6,800,000397 (2011)56 (2008)398
Nepal10,500,000 (1967)39918,961,000 (1990)40021,360,000 (1994)40125,284,463 (2002)29,331,000402 (2009)- (2008)403
Iran25,781,090 (1966)40454,608,000 (1990)40559,778,000 (1994)40666,622,704 (2002)75,330,000 (2010)40771 (2008)40849,548,910
Canada20,014,880 (1966)40926,603,000 (1990)41029,248,000(1994)41131,081,900 (2001)32,623,490 (2011)41281 (2008)413
United States199,118,000 (1967)414249,995,000 (1990)415260,650,00(1994)416281,421,906 (2000)308,745,538 (2010)41778 (2008)418
Uganda7,931,000 (1967)41918,795,000 (1990)42020,621,000 (1994)42124,227,297 (2002)32,369,558 (2009)52 (2008)422
Notes * Eritrea left Ethiopia in 1991. † Split into the nations of Sudan and South Sudan during 2011. ‡ Japan and the Ryukyu Islands merged in 1972. # India and Sikkim merged in 1975.
Population growth 1990–2012 (%)423
Africa73.3%
Middle East68.2%
Asia (excl. China)42.8%
China19.0%
OECD Americas27.9%
Non-OECD Americas36.6%
OECD Europe11.5%
OECD Asia Oceania11.1%
Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia-0.8%

Future population

These paragraphs are an excerpt from Human population projections.[edit]

Human population projections are attempts to extrapolate how human populations will change in the future.424 These projections are an important input to forecasts of the population's impact on this planet and humanity's future well-being.425 Models of population growth take trends in human development and apply projections into the future.426 These models use trend-based-assumptions about how populations will respond to economic, social and technological forces to understand how they will affect fertility and mortality, and thus population growth.427

See also

References

  1. "World Population 2024". Retrieved 29 July 2024. http://worldometers.info/world-population ↩

  2. "World Population Prospects 2024 – Data Booklet" (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2025. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2024_wpp_2024_advance_unedited_0.pdf ↩

  3. O'Sullivan, Jane Nancy (2023). "Demographic Delusions: World Population Growth Is Exceeding Most Projections and Jeopardising Scenarios for Sustainable Futures". World. 4 (3): 545–568. doi:10.3390/world4030034. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fworld4030034 ↩

  4. "Black death 'discriminated' between victims". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 January 2008. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2008. http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/01/29/2149185.htm ↩

  5. Hopfenberg, Russell. "An expansion of the demographic transition model: the dynamic link between agricultural productivity and population." Biodiversity 15.4 (2014): 246–254. https://ia802907.us.archive.org/4/items/3anexpansionofthedemographictransitionmodel/3%20An%20expansion%20of%20the%20demographic%20transition%20model.pdf ↩

  6. Population Reference Bureau. "2013 World Population Factsheet" (PDF). Population Reference Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20180218233032/http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf ↩

  7. Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban (9 May 2013). "World Population Growth". Our World in Data. /wiki/Max_Roser ↩

  8. Stokstad, Erik (5 May 2019). "Landmark analysis documents the alarming global decline of nature". Science. AAAS. Retrieved 20 October 2022. Driving these threats are the growing human population, which has doubled since 1970 to 7.6 billion, and consumption. (Per capita of use of materials is up 15% over the past 5 decades.) https://www.science.org/content/article/landmark-analysis-documents-alarming-global-decline-nature ↩

  9. Crist, Eileen; Ripple, William J.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Rees, William E.; Wolf, Christopher (2022). "Scientists' warning on population" (PDF). Science of the Total Environment. 845: 157166. Bibcode:2022ScTEn.84557166C. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157166. PMID 35803428. S2CID 250387801. /wiki/William_J._Ripple ↩

  10. United Nations Environment Programme (2021). Making Peace with Nature: A scientific blueprint to tackle the climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies. Nairobi. https://www.unep.org/resources/making-peace-nature https://www.unep.org/resources/making-peace-nature ↩

  11. "United Nations - World Population Prospects 2017". Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180322090748/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/ ↩

  12. "Black death 'discriminated' between victims". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 January 2008. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2008. http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/01/29/2149185.htm ↩

  13. Greenwood, B. (19 June 2014). "The contribution of vaccination to global health: past, present and future". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 369 (1645). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: 20130433. doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0433. PMC 4024226. PMID 24821919. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4024226 ↩

  14. Armelagos, George J., Alan H. Goodman, and Kenneth H. Jacobs. "The origins of agriculture: Population growth during a period of declining health." Population and Environment 13.1 (1991): 9-22. ↩

  15. Taiz, Lincoln. "Agriculture, plant physiology, and human population growth: past, present, and future." Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 25 (2013): 167-181. https://www.scielo.br/j/txpp/a/TWxQX34RrdtTmTPpDPtgNhS/?format=pdf&lang=en ↩

  16. Smil, Vaclav (1999). "Detonator of the population explosion" (PDF). Nature. 400 (6743): 415. Bibcode:1999Natur.400..415S. doi:10.1038/22672. S2CID 4301828. http://www.vaclavsmil.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/smil-article-1999-nature7.pdf ↩

  17. McKeown, Thomas (1976). The Modern Rise of Population. London, UK: Edward Arnold. ISBN 9780713159868. 9780713159868 ↩

  18. McKeown T, Brown RG (1955). "Medical evidence related to English population changes in the eighteenth century". Population Studies. 9 (2): 119–141. doi:10.1080/00324728.1955.10404688. JSTOR 2172162. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  19. McKeown T, Brown RG, Record RG (1972). "An interpretation of the modern rise of population in Europe". Population Studies. 26 (3): 345–382. doi:10.1080/00324728.1972.10405908. JSTOR 2173815. PMID 11630563. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  20. McKeown T, Record RG (1962). "Reasons for the Decline of Mortality in England and Wales during the Nineteenth Century". Population Studies. 16 (2): 94–122. doi:10.2307/2173119. JSTOR 2173119. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  21. McKeown T, Brown RG (1955). "Medical evidence related to English population changes in the eighteenth century". Population Studies. 9 (2): 119–141. doi:10.1080/00324728.1955.10404688. JSTOR 2172162. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  22. McKeown T, Record RG, Turner RD (1975). "An Interpretation of the Decline of Mortality in England and Wales during the Twentieth Century". Population Studies. 29 (3): 391–422. doi:10.1080/00324728.1975.10412707. JSTOR 2173935. PMID 11630508. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  23. Korotayev, A. V.; Malkov, A. S. (2016). "Compact Mathematical Model of the World System Economic and Demographic Growth, 1 CE–1973 CE". International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences. 10: 200–209. https://www.academia.edu/35548090 ↩

  24. Deaton, Angus (2013). The Great Escape. Health, wealth, and the origins of inequality. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 91–93. ISBN 978-0-691-15354-4. McKeown's views, updated to modern circumstances, are still important today in debates between those who think that health is primarily determined by medical discoveries and medical treatment and those who look to the background social conditions of life. 978-0-691-15354-4 ↩

  25. Association of Public Health Epidemiologists in Ontario Archived 22 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine http://www.apheo.ca/index.php?pid=61 ↩

  26. Reece, Jane; Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Jackson, Robert (2014). Campbell Biology. Pearson. ↩

  27. Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban (9 May 2013). "World Population Growth". Our World in Data. /wiki/Max_Roser ↩

  28. Stewart, James; Clegg, Daniel (2012). Brief Applied Calculus. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. ↩

  29. Reece, Jane; Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Jackson, Robert (2014). Campbell Biology. Pearson. ↩

  30. Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban (9 May 2013). "World Population Growth". Our World in Data. /wiki/Max_Roser ↩

  31. "World Population Prospects 2017". Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170711042851/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/index.shtml ↩

  32. "The World Factbook". 20 November 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ ↩

  33. "BBC NEWS - South Asia - The end of India's green revolution?". 29 May 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4994590.stm ↩

  34. "World Population Prospects 2017". Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170711042851/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/index.shtml ↩

  35. "International Programs". Archived from the original on 1 July 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122431/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php ↩

  36. "UN population projections". Archived from the original on 14 September 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20100914023416/http://esa.un.org/UNPP/index.asp?panel=2 ↩

  37. "Japan sees biggest population fall". the Guardian. Associated Press. 2 January 2009. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/02/japan-population ↩

  38. Vollset, Stein Emil; Goren, Emily; Yuan, Chun-Wei; Cao, Jackie; Smith, Amanda E.; Hsiao, Thomas; Bisignano, Catherine; Azhar, Gulrez S.; Castro, Emma; Chalek, Julian; Dolgert, Andrew J.; Frank, Tahvi; Fukutaki, Kai; Hay, Simon I.; Lozano, Rafael; Mokdad, Ali H.; Nandakumar, Vishnu; Pierce, Maxwell; Pletcher, Martin; Robalik, Toshana; Steuben, Krista M.; Wunrow, Han Yong; Zlavog, Bianca S.; Murray, Christopher J L. (14 July 2020). "Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study". Lancet (pdf). 396 (10258): 1285–1306. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30677-2. PMC 7561721. PMID 32679112. https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2930677-2 ↩

  39. Carrington, Damien (18 September 2014). "World population to hit 11bn in 2100 – with 70% chance of continuous rise". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 December 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/18/world-population-new-study-11bn-2100 ↩

  40. Gerland, P.; Raftery, A. E.; Ev Ikova, H.; Li, N.; Gu, D.; Spoorenberg, T.; Alkema, L.; Fosdick, B. K.; Chunn, J.; Lalic, N.; Bay, G.; Buettner, T.; Heilig, G. K.; Wilmoth, J. (14 September 2014). "World population stabilization unlikely this century". Science. 346 (6206): 234–7. Bibcode:2014Sci...346..234G. doi:10.1126/science.1257469. ISSN 1095-9203. PMC 4230924. PMID 25301627. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230924 ↩

  41. Hook, Chris (20 December 2019). "Earth's population set to soar to 7.75 billion people by New year's Eve". Seven News. Retrieved 2 January 2020. https://7news.com.au/news/social/world-population-at-775-bln-by-year-end-c-616688 ↩

  42. Silk, John (21 December 2019). "World's population to hit 7.75 billion in 2019". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 14 March 2021. https://www.dw.com/en/worlds-population-to-hit-775-billion-in-2019/a-51758905 ↩

  43. "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20110507035406/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm ↩

  44. "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20110507035406/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm ↩

  45. "East Asia/Southeast Asia :: China — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 15 May 2019. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ ↩

  46. Barbados: People. World Factbook of CIA https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ ↩

  47. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  48. "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables" (PDF). United Nations. 2009. Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009. NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf ↩

  49. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  50. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  51. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  52. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  53. Ethiopia Central Statistics Office -- Population Projection for mid-2008 Archived 5 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/National%20statistics/national%20statistics%202007/Population.pdf ↩

  54. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  55. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  56. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  57. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  58. "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables" (PDF). United Nations. 2009. Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009. NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf ↩

  59. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  60. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  61. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  62. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  63. Barbados: People. World Factbook of CIA https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ ↩

  64. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  65. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  66. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  67. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  68. Central Intelligence Agency (2009). "Niger". The World Factbook. Retrieved 10 January 2010. /wiki/CIA ↩

  69. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  70. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  71. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  72. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  73. "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables" (PDF). United Nations. 2009. Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009. NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf ↩

  74. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  75. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  76. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  77. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  78. "Mali preliminary 2009 census". Institut National de la Statistique. Archived from the original on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100418055748/http://instat.gov.ml/voir_actu.aspx?lactu=44 ↩

  79. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  80. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  81. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  82. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  83. Barbados: People. World Factbook of CIA https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ ↩

  84. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  85. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  86. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  87. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  88. Central Intelligence Agency (2009). "Senegal". The World Factbook. Retrieved 10 January 2010. /wiki/CIA ↩

  89. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  90. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  91. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  92. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  93. "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables" (PDF). United Nations. 2009. Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009. NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf ↩

  94. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  95. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  96. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  97. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  98. Ethiopia Central Statistics Office -- Population Projection for mid-2008 Archived 5 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/National%20statistics/national%20statistics%202007/Population.pdf ↩

  99. "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2009.[dead link] https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2010/wpp2010_text_tables.pdf ↩

  100. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  101. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  102. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  103. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  104. Ethiopia Central Statistics Office -- Population Projection for mid-2008 Archived 5 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/National%20statistics/national%20statistics%202007/Population.pdf ↩

  105. The World Factbook- Congo, Democratic Republic of the. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ ↩

  106. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  107. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  108. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  109. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  110. Ethiopia Central Statistics Office -- Population Projection for mid-2008 Archived 5 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/National%20statistics/national%20statistics%202007/Population.pdf ↩

  111. "Central Agency for Population Mobilisation and Statistics — Population Clock (July 2008)". Msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 8 September 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100908090727/http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pls/fdl/tst12e?action=&lname= ↩

  112. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  113. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  114. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  115. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  116. "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables" (PDF). United Nations. 2009. Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009. NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf ↩

  117. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  118. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  119. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  120. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  121. "Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 5 March 2010. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/falkland-islands-islas-malvinas/ ↩

  122. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  123. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  124. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  125. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  126. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  127. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  128. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  129. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  130. "Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística". Dane.gov.co. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20150905114224/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php ↩

  131. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  132. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  133. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  134. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  135. IBGE. Censo 2010: população do Brasil é de 190.732.694 pessoas. http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1766&id_pagina=1 ↩

  136. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  137. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  138. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  139. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  140. "INEGI 2010 Census Statistics". inegi.org.mx. Retrieved 25 November 2010. http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/comunicados/rpcpyv10.asp ↩

  141. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  142. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  143. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  144. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  145. "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2009.[dead link] https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2010/wpp2010_text_tables.pdf ↩

  146. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  147. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  148. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  149. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  150. Central Intelligence Agency (2011). "Nauru". The World Factbook. Retrieved 12 February 2011. /wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency ↩

  151. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  152. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  153. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  154. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  155. "The World Factbook". 19 October 2021. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica/ ↩

  156. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  157. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  158. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  159. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  160. "Population clock". Australian Bureau of Statistics website. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 12 April 2011. The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument ↩

  161. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  162. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  163. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  164. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  165. Barbados: People. World Factbook of CIA https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ ↩

  166. "IFs Forecast - Version 7.00-Google Public Data Explorer". http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&nselm=h&met_y=POP&hl=en&dl=en#ctype=l&strail=false&nselm=h&met_y=POP&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:AL&hl=en&dl=en ↩

  167. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  168. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  169. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  170. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  171. "Wzrasta liczba ludności Polski - Wiadomości - WP.PL". Wiadomosci.wp.pl. 23 July 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20131005093319/http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1347,title,Wzrasta-liczba-ludnosci-Polski,wid,12502858,wiadomosc.html ↩

  172. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  173. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  174. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  175. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  176. Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 25 July 2010. http://portal.ksh.hu/pls/ksh/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_evkozi/e_wdsd001a.html ↩

  177. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  178. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  179. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  180. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  181. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) https://web.archive.org/web/20110905003155/http://www.nsi.bg/EPDOCS/Census2011pr.pdf ↩

  182. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  183. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  184. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  185. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  186. "Total population at 1 January". Eurostat. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1 ↩

  187. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  188. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  189. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  190. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  191. "CSO – Population and Migration Estimates April 2010" (PDF). September 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100920101624/http://cso.ie/releasespublications/documents/population/current/popmig.pdf ↩

  192. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  193. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  194. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  195. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  196. Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census Archived 8 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110428_402722244.htm ↩

  197. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  198. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  199. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  200. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  201. "Statistics Bureau Home Page/Population Estimates Monthly Report". http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm ↩

  202. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  203. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  204. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  205. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  206. "Provisional Population Totals - Census 2011". Indian Census Bureau 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2011. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance.html ↩

  207. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  208. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  209. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  210. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  211. "Population (Mid Year Estimates) & Land Area". Statistics Singapore. 31 August 2010. Archived from the original on 14 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100914024746/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html ↩

  212. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  213. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  214. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  215. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  216. Monaco, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 June 2010. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/monaco/ ↩

  217. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  218. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  219. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  220. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  221. "Πίνακας 1. Πληθυσμός κατά φύλο και ηλικία" (PDF). National Statistical Service of Greece: Population census of 18 March 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090325012639/http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_09_TB_DC_01_01_Y.pdf ↩

  222. "Total population". Eurostat. 1 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1 ↩

  223. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  224. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  225. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  226. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  227. "Hagstova F?roya". Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2015. (Faroese) https://web.archive.org/web/20131210030515/http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Hagstova_Foroya ↩

  228. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  229. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  230. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  231. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  232. Bevölkerungsstatistik 30. Juni 2009 Archived 14 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Landesverwaltung Liechtenstein. http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-as-bevoelkerung/llv-as-bevoelkerung-bevoelkerungsstatistik_per_30_juni.htm ↩

  233. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  234. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  235. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  236. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  237. "총인구, 인구성장률 : 지표상세화면". Index.go.kr. Retrieved 29 October 2010. http://www.index.go.kr/egams/stts/jsp/potal/stts/PO_STTS_IdxMain.jsp?idx_cd=1009&bbs=INDX_001 ↩

  238. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  239. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  240. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  241. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  242. 한반도 인구 7천400만명 시대 임박. Joins (in Korean). 1 October 2009. Archived from the original on 17 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2010. 한반도 인구 7천400만명 시대 임박 ↩

  243. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  244. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  245. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  246. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  247. "Brunei". CIA World Factbook. 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei/ ↩

  248. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  249. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  250. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  251. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  252. "Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010". Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. p. iii. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110708202650/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 ↩

  253. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  254. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  255. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  256. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  257. "Population and Housing Census 2000, National Statistical Office". Web.nso.go.th. 1 April 2000. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20171114104300/http://web.nso.go.th/eng/en/pop2000/prelim_e.htm ↩

  258. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf ↩

  259. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  260. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  261. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  262. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  263. "Central Intelligence Agency. March 2011 est". Cia.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2011. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lebanon/ ↩

  264. "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables" (PDF). United Nations. 2009. Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009. NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf ↩

  265. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  266. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  267. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  268. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  269. "Central Intelligence Agency. March 2011 est". Cia.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2011. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/ ↩

  270. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  271. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  272. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  273. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  274. "REMARKABLE GROWTH EXPATS OUTNUMBER BAHRAINIS IN 2010 CENSUS". Bahraini Census 2010. 28 November 2010. Archived from the original on 19 February 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110219111201/http://www.census2010.gov.bh/news/news_en26.html ↩

  275. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  276. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  277. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  278. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  279. "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2009.[dead link] https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2010/wpp2010_text_tables.pdf ↩

  280. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  281. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  282. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  283. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  284. "Population size and population composition". Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel. 2010. Archived from the original on 28 June 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20160628063919/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/bevoelkerungsstand.html ↩

  285. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  286. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  287. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  288. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  289. "Population: 511 840 habitants au 1er janvier 2011", Le Portail des statistiques: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 3 May 2011. (in French) Retrieved 4 May 2011. http://www.statistiques.public.lu/fr/actualites/population/population/2011/05/20110503/index.html ↩

  290. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  291. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  292. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  293. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  294. "Romania - Population". epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 26 May 2011. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1 ↩

  295. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  296. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  297. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  298. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  299. "Niue". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 20 July 2009. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niue/ ↩

  300. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  301. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  302. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  303. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  304. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  305. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  306. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  307. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  308. "The World Factbook". 19 October 2021. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica/ ↩

  309. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  310. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  311. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  312. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  313. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  314. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  315. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  316. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  317. "Population totale par sexe et âge au 1er janvier 2011, France métropolitaine". INSEE (in French). Government of France. Retrieved 20 January 2011. http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=bilan-demo&page=donnees-detaillees/bilan-demo/pop_age2.htm ↩

  318. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  319. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  320. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  321. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  322. "Monthly demographic balance: January–November 2010" (PDF) (in Italian). Istat. 28 March 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120722144056/http://www3.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/non_calendario/20110328_00/testointegrale20110328.pdf ↩

  323. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  324. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  325. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  326. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  327. "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2009.[dead link] https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2010/wpp2010_text_tables.pdf ↩

  328. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  329. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  330. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  331. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  332. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  333. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  334. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  335. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  336. Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 2009. Edición 2010 Archived 16 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas, República de Cuba. Accessed on 6 November, 2010. Note: An exchange rate of 1 CUC to 1.08 USD was used to convert GDP.[1] http://www.one.cu/aec2009/esp/20080618_tabla_cuadro.htm ↩

  337. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  338. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  339. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  340. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  341. Barbados: People. World Factbook of CIA https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ ↩

  342. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  343. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  344. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  345. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  346. "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables" (PDF). United Nations. 2009. Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009. NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf ↩

  347. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  348. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  349. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  350. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  351. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  352. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  353. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  354. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  355. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  356. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  357. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  358. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  359. Pordata, "Base de Dados Portugal Contemporâneo". Accessed on 7 March 2011. http://www.pordata.pt/ ↩

  360. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  361. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  362. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  363. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  364. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  365. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  366. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  367. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  368. "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables" (PDF). United Nations. 2009. Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009. NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf ↩

  369. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  370. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  371. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  372. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  373. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  374. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  375. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  376. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  377. "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables" (PDF). United Nations. 2009. Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009. NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf ↩

  378. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  379. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  380. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  381. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  382. "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2009.[dead link] https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2010/wpp2010_text_tables.pdf ↩

  383. "Population Forecast to 2060 by International Futures hosted by Google Public Data Explorer". Retrieved 13 July 2011. http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&nselm=h&met_y=POP&hl=en&dl=en#ctype=l&strail=false&nselm=h&met_y=POP&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:AO&hl=en&dl=en ↩

  384. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  385. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  386. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  387. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  388. "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2009.[dead link] https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2010/wpp2010_text_tables.pdf ↩

  389. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  390. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  391. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  392. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  393. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  394. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  395. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  396. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  397. "Background notes - Laos". US Dept. of State. Retrieved 20 January 2011. https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2770.htm ↩

  398. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  399. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  400. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  401. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  402. "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). United Nations. 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2009.[dead link] https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2010/wpp2010_text_tables.pdf ↩

  403. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  404. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  405. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  406. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  407. "Official Iranian Population clock". Amar.org.ir. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110722015233/http://www.amar.org.ir/default.aspx?tabid=52 ↩

  408. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  409. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  410. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  411. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  412. "Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present". Statistics Canada. 6 July 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2011. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/98-187-x/4151287-eng.htm#table3 ↩

  413. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  414. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  415. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  416. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  417. "Resident Population Data – 2010". U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Archived from the original on 28 October 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20111028061117/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-dens-text.php ↩

  418. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  419. The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, ISBN 0-19-894107-2 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  420. The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, ISBN 0-00-448038-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  421. The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, ISBN 978-0-00-448879-0 for the 1998 edition, ISBN 0-00-448365-0 for the 1996 edition /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  422. 'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', ISBN 978-1-84907-013-3. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  423. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Archived 2 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine Population 1971–2014 IEA (PDF Page 74, marked page 72) http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-highlights-2014.html ↩

  424. "Population Projections". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popproj.html ↩

  425. Kaneda, Toshiko (June 2014). "Understanding Population Projections: Assumptions Behind the Numbers" (PDF). Population Reference Bureau. https://assets.prb.org/pdf14/understanding-population-projections.pdf ↩

  426. Roser, Max (2013-05-09). "Future Population Growth". Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/future-population-growth ↩

  427. Roser, Max (2013-05-09). "Future Population Growth". Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/future-population-growth ↩