Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Small-lift launch vehicle
open-in-new
<h2 id="rated-launch-vehicles">Rated launch vehicles</h2> <h3>Operational</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Vehicle</th><th>Origin</th><th>Manufacturer</th><th>Mass to<a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">LEO</a>(kg)</th><th>Mass to<a href="/facts/List_of_orbits/l5bSKRcJ">other orbits</a>(kg)</th><th>Launches</th><th>First flight</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Qased_(rocket)/tgd1Wscw">Qased</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Aerospace_Force/xqEEBdFl">IRGCASF</a></td><td>10−50</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Qaem_100/HHwxIWee">Qaem 100</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps/6EMxlKlm">IRGC</a></td><td>80<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td></td><td>3(+1)</td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td>SK solid fueled TV2</td><td> <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">Republic of Korea</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(South_Korea)/Sm7mooJs">MND</a></td><td>>100</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Shavit_2/xsgD5Lmq">Shavit 2</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Israel_Aerospace_Industries/5TTjfk7D">IAE</a></td><td>160<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td></td><td>12</td><td>1988</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Unha/NxyrVefB">Unha</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP">North Korea</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Korean_Committee_of_Space_Technology/DIxU3baP">KCST</a></td><td>200<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td></td><td>4</td><td>2009</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/KAIROS_(rocket)/6U6XTM8W">KAIROS</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Space_One/YRNAIY92">Space One</a></td><td>250</td><td>150 to SSO</td><td>1</td><td>2024</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg">New Zealand</a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab/o5Wlgg6P">Rocket Lab</a></td><td>300<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td>200 to SSO<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td>62</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jielong_1/yvb95h1V">Jielong 1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology/Fk9qsPBf">CALT</a></td><td></td><td>200 to SSO</td><td>1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/I-Space_(Chinese_company)/lyfjoyY9">Hyperbola-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/I-Space_(Chinese_company)/lyfjoyY9">i-Space</a></td><td>300<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td></td><td>6</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Chollima-1/BBg7jqXg">Chollima-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP">North Korea</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Aerospace_Development_Administration/rYntIzyE">NADA</a></td><td>≥300<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td></td><td>3</td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Simorgh_(rocket)/YujCuwTg">Simorgh</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Agency/UEzFYESI">Iranian Space Agency</a></td><td>350<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td></td><td>6(+1)</td><td>2016</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ceres-1_(rocket)/kytmvc4g">Ceres-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Galactic_Energy/hBKfs22b">Galactic Energy</a></td><td>350<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td></td><td>11</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kuaizhou/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td><td>400<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td>250 to SSO</td><td>28<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td>2013<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Small_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/Wxsr06H0">SSLV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a> / <a href="/facts/NewSpace_India_Limited/1prvqP2h">NSIL</a></td><td>500</td><td>300 to SSO</td><td>2</td><td>2022</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Start-1/eLVe0nLE">Start-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Moscow_Institute_of_Thermal_Technology/CNnyQHPa">MITT</a></td><td>532<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td>350 to <a href="/facts/Sun_synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td>5<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td>1993</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur_I/1Wf52Wgc">Minotaur I</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Northrop_Grumman/M6keKE1A">Northrop Grumman</a></td><td>580<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td></td><td>12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_6/r6fJMHoo">Long March 6</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology/Fk9qsPBf">CALT</a></td><td></td><td>500 to SSO</td><td>11</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_11/kLqKep10">Long March 11</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology/Fk9qsPBf">CALT</a></td><td>700<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td></td><td>17</td><td>2015<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Firefly_Alpha/WgS3JAbY">Alpha</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Firefly_Aerospace/4ezytxxr">Firefly</a></td><td>1,000<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td>600 to SSO</td><td>5</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Epsilon_(rocket)/yYqSd7J0">Epsilon</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/IHI_Corporation/B6nNTy3g">IHI</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td>1,200<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td></td><td>5</td><td>2013</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/ABL_Space_Systems/zEEVGxaM">RS1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ABL_Space_Systems/zEEVGxaM">ABL</a></td><td>1,350<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td>400 to GTO</td><td>1</td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Strela_(rocket)/7zzmwVMs">Strela</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Khrunichev_State_Research_and_Production_Space_Center/bDrbWPoH">Khrunichev</a></td><td>1,400<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td></td><td>3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td>2003</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur-C/XQDB2hca">Minotaur-C</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Northrop_Grumman/M6keKE1A">Northrop Grumman</a></td><td>1,450<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td>1,050<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> to SSO</td><td>10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td>1994</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kuaizhou-11/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou-11</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td><td>1,500</td><td>1,000 to SSO</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SK solid fueled LV</td><td> <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">Republic of Korea</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(South_Korea)/Sm7mooJs">MND</a></td><td>1,500</td><td></td><td>1(+2)</td><td>2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur_IV/3j8AaMDd">Minotaur IV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Northrop_Grumman/M6keKE1A">Northrop Grumman</a></td><td>1,735<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td></td><td>7<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td>2010<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/CAS_Space/fvNAv16j">Kinetica 1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CAS_Space/fvNAv16j">CAS Space</a></td><td>2,000</td><td>1,500 to SSO</td><td>3</td><td>2022</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Space_Pioneer/78FNCudN">Tianlong-2</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Space_Pioneer/78FNCudN">Space Pioneer</a></td><td>2,000<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td>1,500 to SSO</td><td>1</td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jielong_3/tdlp09D6">Jielong 3</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology/Fk9qsPBf">CALT</a></td><td></td><td>1,500 to SSO</td><td>3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td>2022</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/OneSpace/s9tmukBA">OS-M</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/OneSpace/s9tmukBA">OneSpace</a></td><td>205<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td>73 to SSO</td><td>1</td><td>2019</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Under development</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Vehicle</th><th>Origin</th><th>Manufacturer</th><th>Mass to<a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">LEO</a>(kg)</th><th>Mass to<a href="/facts/List_of_orbits/l5bSKRcJ">other orbits</a>(kg)</th><th>First flight<p>(expected)</p></th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Blue_Whale_1/jSoKb3zp">Blue Whale 1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Perigee_Aerospace/jSoKb3zp">Perigee Aerospace</a></td><td>63<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td>50 to <a href="/facts/Sun_synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a></td><td>2025</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/HANBIT-NANO/HGu1IA7K">HANBIT-NANO</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Innospace/CT6m0Me0">Innospace</a></td><td>90<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td></td><td>2025</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Agnibaan/PTEAHHzm">Agnibaan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a></td><td><a href="/facts/AgniKul_Cosmos/WIF7S88K">Agnikul Cosmos</a></td><td>100</td><td></td><td>2022</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zero_(rocket)/RCKMVPW2">ZERO</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Interstellar_Technologies/RCKMVPW2">Interstellar Technologies</a></td><td></td><td>100 to SSO<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td>Chetak</td><td> <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Bellatrix_Aerospace/P1PvV9qH">Bellatrix Aerospace</a></td><td>150</td><td></td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/VLM_(rocket)/z4J03V8I">VLM</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Brazilian_General_Command_for_Aerospace_Technology/RGkRo9S1">Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology</a></td><td>150</td><td></td><td>2027</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Haribon_SLS-1/lUxnr9kW">Haribon SLS-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV">Philippines</a></td><td><a href="/facts/OrbitX/lUxnr9kW">OrbitX</a></td><td>200<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td></td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td>DNLV</td><td> <a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP">Malaysia</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Independence-X_Aerospace/h9Qe3WVG">Independence-X Aerospace</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td>200</td><td></td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td>Volans</td><td> <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Equatorial_Space_Systems/LEc1uUqN">Equatorial Space Systems</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td>220</td><td>150 to SSO</td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zuljanah_(rocket)/GljgdLAT">Zuljanah</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Agency/UEzFYESI">Iranian Space Agency</a></td><td>220</td><td></td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vikram_1/2x7enPff">Vikram 1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Skyroot_Aerospace/wdLHfWXk">Skyroot Aerospace</a></td><td>315</td><td>255 to SSO<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Skyrora_XL/tv0mzNcv">Skyrora XL</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Skyrora/tv0mzNcv">Skyrora</a></td><td>315<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td></td><td>2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Hapith V</td><td> <a href="/facts/Taiwan/VcJoUD8w">Taiwan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/TiSPACE/oIwGzHwz">TiSPACE</a></td><td>390<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td>350 to SSO</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ravn X SL3</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Aevum Space & Defense</td><td>500<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td>470 to SSO</td><td>2026</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Skyroot_Aerospace/wdLHfWXk">Vikram II</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Skyroot_Aerospace/wdLHfWXk">Skyroot Aerospace</a></td><td>520</td><td>410 to SSO<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td>TBD</td></tr><tr><td>Rocket 4</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Astra_(American_spaceflight_company)/LdThMcvD">Astra Space, Inc.</a></td><td>600<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td></td><td><i>2023</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Skyroot_Aerospace/wdLHfWXk">Vikram III</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Skyroot_Aerospace/wdLHfWXk">Skyroot Aerospace</a></td><td>720</td><td>580 to SSO<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td>TBD</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tronador_II/ESB6mokg">Tronador II</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk">Argentina</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CONAE/fzXScbYu">CONAE</a></td><td>750<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td></td><td>2029</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Miura_5/AMDUE5DS">Miura 5</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a></td><td><a href="/facts/PLD_Space/VgMxpB7F">PLD Space</a></td><td>900</td><td></td><td>2024<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Spectrum_(rocket)/epNNs62G">Spectrum</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Isar_Aerospace/TMomVfVx">Isar Aerospace</a></td><td>1,000</td><td>700 to SSO</td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Hyperbola-2/lyfjoyY9">Hyperbola-2</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/I-Space_(Chinese_company)/lyfjoyY9">i-Space</a></td><td>1,900<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Retired</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Vehicle</th><th>Origin</th><th>Manufacturer</th><th>Mass to<a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">LEO</a>(kg)</th><th>Mass to<a href="/facts/List_of_orbits/l5bSKRcJ">other orbits</a>(kg)</th><th>Launches</th><th>First flight</th><th>Last flight</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/S-Series_(rocket_family)/Wy13CxlD">SS-520</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/IHI_Corporation/B6nNTy3g">IHI</a></td><td>4</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vanguard_(rocket)/afYAJVSz">Vanguard</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Martin_Aircraft/RnRRsWQc">Martin</a></td><td>9<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td></td><td>11(+1)</td><td>1957</td><td>1959</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Juno_I/kIjnSPvX">Juno I</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chrysler/kMHhMgYx">Chrysler</a></td><td>11</td><td></td><td>6</td><td>1958</td><td>1959</td></tr><tr><td>Veloce 17</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Eldorado Space<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td>12</td><td></td><td>0</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Lambda_4S/BpD9X8q1">Lambda 4S</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nissan/1m2uVLE4">Nissan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td>26<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td></td><td>5</td><td>1966</td><td>1977<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/dnXfRelf">SLV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td>40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td></td><td>4</td><td>1979</td><td>1983</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Juno_II/L44wwv2U">Juno II</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chrysler/kMHhMgYx">Chrysler</a></td><td>41</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>1958</td><td>1961</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Boeing_Small_Launch_Vehicle/z0vRU3mM">Boeing Small Launch Vehicle</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Boeing/tF5sMe9F">Boeing</a></td><td>45<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td></td><td>0</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Rocket_3.0/LdThMcvD">Rocket 3</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Astra_(American_spaceflight_company)/LdThMcvD">Astra</a></td><td>45<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td></td><td>7(+2)</td><td>2020</td><td>2022</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Agency/UEzFYESI">Iranian Space Agency</a></td><td>50<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td></td><td>8</td><td>2008</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vector-R/uUDlN7KS">Vector-R</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Vector_Launch/zUenzSGf">Vector</a></td><td>60<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td></td><td>0(+2)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Diamant/kpddQBk0">Diamant</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SEREB/k7Ed6X6N">SEREB</a></td><td>107<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td></td><td>12</td><td>1965</td><td>1975</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vector-H/DmsdxW1D">Vector-H</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Vector_Launch/zUenzSGf">Vector</a></td><td>110<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td></td><td>0</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Capricornio_(rocket)/qgKrpfnR">Capricornio</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Institute_for_Aerospace_Technology/j0ksDBp4">INTA</a></td><td>140</td><td></td><td>0</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/ASLV/FnryGps5">ASLV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td>150</td><td></td><td>4</td><td>1987</td><td>1994</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Scout_(rocket_family)/y3J3BcVd">Scout</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a>/<a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>174<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td></td><td>125</td><td>1961</td><td>1994</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mu_(rocket_family)/oY6PWtR2">Mu-4S</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nissan/1m2uVLE4">Nissan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td>180<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td></td><td>4</td><td>1971</td><td>1972</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mu_(rocket_family)/oY6PWtR2">Mu-3C</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nissan/1m2uVLE4">Nissan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td>195<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td></td><td>4</td><td>1974</td><td>1979</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Shtil%2527/TebKrELk">Shtil'</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Makeyev_Rocket_Design_Bureau/9KpIFBCN">Makeyev</a></td><td>280 – 420<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td></td><td>2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td>1998</td><td>2006</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mu_(rocket_family)/oY6PWtR2">Mu-3H</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nissan/1m2uVLE4">Nissan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td>300<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td></td><td>3</td><td>1977</td><td>1978</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mu_(rocket_family)/oY6PWtR2">Mu-3S</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nissan/1m2uVLE4">Nissan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td>300<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td></td><td>4</td><td>1980</td><td>1984</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_1/tu2W58d2">Long March 1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology/Fk9qsPBf">CALT</a></td><td>300<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td></td><td>2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td>1970<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td>1971<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zhuque-1/7b2NsldB">Zhuque-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/LandSpace/7b2NsldB">LandSpace</a></td><td>300<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td>200 to SSO</td><td>1</td><td>2018</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_1000/h8y9SG2k">Delta 1913</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/McDonnell_Douglas/cplglcRH">McDonnell Douglas</a></td><td>328<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td></td><td>1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td>1973</td><td>1973</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_2000/Xa7fTvwH">Delta 2310</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/McDonnell_Douglas/cplglcRH">McDonnell Douglas</a></td><td>336<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td></td><td>3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td>1974</td><td>1981</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_1000/h8y9SG2k">Delta 1410</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/McDonnell_Douglas/cplglcRH">McDonnell Douglas</a></td><td>340<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td></td><td>1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a></td><td>1975</td><td>1975</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/VLS-1/eP4Gpkc5">VLS-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Brazilian_Space_Agency/JlI2eFXX">AEB</a>, <a href="/facts/National_Institute_for_Space_Research/tt694S4M">INPE</a></td><td>380<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td></td><td>2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td>1997</td><td>2003</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_1000/h8y9SG2k">Delta 1604</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/McDonnell_Douglas/cplglcRH">McDonnell Douglas</a></td><td>390<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td></td><td>2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td>1972</td><td>1973</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Falcon_1/F4DBbpCS">Falcon 1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>420<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td></td><td>5</td><td>2006</td><td>2009</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pegasus_(rocket)/w8swDwhu">Pegasus</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Orbital_Sciences_Corporation/WNB0SKlF">Orbital</a></td><td>443<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td></td><td>45<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td>1990</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Conestoga_(rocket)/JvJXyehR">Conestoga</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Space_Services_Inc./mYm6sDg9">Space Services Inc.</a></td><td>500<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td></td><td>3</td><td>1982</td><td>1995</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sputnik_(rocket)/PSYBFRIY">Sputnik</a> 8K71PS</td><td> <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a></td><td><a href="/facts/RSC_Energia/fThW3H3L">RSC Energia</a></td><td>500<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1957</td><td>1957</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Launcher_One/CDHWQcJ5">Launcher One</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Virgin_Orbit/hKsGXm31">Virgin Orbit</a></td><td>500<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td>300 to <a href="/facts/Sun_synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a></td><td>6</td><td>2020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Paektusan_(rocket)/VPPkunSF">Paektusan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP">North Korea</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Korean_Committee_of_Space_Technology/DIxU3baP">KCST</a></td><td>700<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1998</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_1D/yUW9x7wJ">Long March 1D</a> (CZ-1D)</td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology/Fk9qsPBf">CALT</a></td><td>740<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td></td><td>0(+3)</td><td>1995<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td>2002</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mu_(rocket_family)/oY6PWtR2">Mu-3SII</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nissan/1m2uVLE4">Nissan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td>770<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td></td><td>8</td><td>1985</td><td>1995</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Athena_I/X4r98Sxt">Athena I</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lockheed_Martin/URp9BQpA">Lockheed Martin</a></td><td>795<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td>515 to GTO</td><td>4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td>1995</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_3000/j982nbxW">Delta 3913</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/McDonnell_Douglas/cplglcRH">McDonnell Douglas</a></td><td>816<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td></td><td>1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123"><sup>123</sup></a></td><td>1981</td><td>1981</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/J-I/gXXFalJ4">J-I</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/IHI_Corporation/B6nNTy3g">IHI</a>, <a href="/facts/Nissan/1m2uVLE4">Nissan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td>1,000<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td></td><td>0(+1)</td><td>1996</td><td>1996</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_1000/h8y9SG2k">Delta 1910</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/McDonnell_Douglas/cplglcRH">McDonnell Douglas</a></td><td>1,066<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td></td><td>1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td>1975</td><td>1975</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/N-I_(rocket)/MS2kIBPY">N-I</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries/8sEQU1Yn">Mitsubishi</a></td><td>1,200<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td></td><td>7</td><td>1975</td><td>1982</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Terran_1/7jjIhkvW">Terran 1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Relativity_Space/7jjIhkvW">Relativity Space</a></td><td>1,250</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2023</td><td>2023</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_0100/xwaKw9P0">Delta 0900</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/McDonnell_Douglas/cplglcRH">McDonnell Douglas</a></td><td>1,300<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td>818 to SSO<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td>2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td>1972</td><td>1972</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sputnik_(rocket)/PSYBFRIY">Sputnik</a> 8A91</td><td> <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a></td><td><a href="/facts/RSC_Energia/fThW3H3L">RSC Energia</a></td><td>1,327</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1958</td><td>1958</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_LV-3B/ufGAcnsB">Atlas LV-3B</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Convair/s020aquw">Convair</a></td><td>1,360</td><td></td><td>9</td><td>1960</td><td>1963</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/H-I/2a4KD8I7">H-I</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries/8sEQU1Yn">Mitsubishi</a></td><td>1,400<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td></td><td>9</td><td>1986</td><td>1992</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kosmos-3M/AVHjqXC9">Kosmos-3M</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NPO_Polyot/yTpjqqn6">NPO Polyot</a></td><td>1,500<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td></td><td>442<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td>1967</td><td>2010</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/M-V/tGa6NrNl">M-V</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/IHI_Corporation/B6nNTy3g">IHI</a>, <a href="/facts/Nissan/1m2uVLE4">Nissan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136"><sup>136</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td>1,800<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td></td><td>7</td><td>1997</td><td>2006</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Athena_II/jTjoyfmH">Athena II</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lockheed_Martin/URp9BQpA">Lockheed Martin</a></td><td>1,800<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td></td><td>3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td>1998</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_1000/h8y9SG2k">Delta 1900</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/McDonnell_Douglas/cplglcRH">McDonnell Douglas</a></td><td>1,800<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141"><sup>141</sup></a></td><td></td><td>1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td>1973</td><td>1973</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_2000/Xa7fTvwH">Delta 2910</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/McDonnell_Douglas/cplglcRH">McDonnell Douglas</a></td><td>1,887<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td></td><td>6<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td>1975</td><td>1978</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Khrunichev_State_Research_and_Production_Space_Center/bDrbWPoH">Khrunichev</a></td><td>1,950<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145"><sup>145</sup></a></td><td>1,200 to SSO</td><td>34</td><td>1990</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a> <a href="/facts/Europe/DTAtrKfh">Europe</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Avio/QNaF1FuD">Avio</a></td><td></td><td>1,450 to SSO</td><td>22</td><td>2012</td><td>2024</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Sounding_rocket/em1GgGND">Sounding rocket</a>, suborbital launch vehicle</li> <li><a href="/facts/Medium-lift_launch_vehicle/lYXwEPwC">Medium-lift launch vehicle</a>, capable of lifting between 2,000 and 20,000 kg to low Earth orbit</li> <li><a href="/facts/Heavy_lift_launch_vehicle/IUfQAwcI">Heavy lift launch vehicle</a>, capable of lifting between 20,000 and 50,000 kg to low Earth orbit</li> <li><a href="/facts/Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle/JSwbocv8">Super heavy-lift launch vehicles</a>, capable of lifting more than 50,000 kg (110,000 lb) to low Earth orbit</li> <li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems/lSEHGfUx">Comparison of orbital launch systems</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_orbital_launch_systems/pa8QR1o3">List of orbital launch systems</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_orbital_rocket_engines/V2PveH8u">Comparison of orbital rocket engines</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_space_station_cargo_vehicles/yHPfFzaM">Comparison of space station cargo vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rocket/b6j4keIl">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Spacecraft_propulsion/KmpMGU9u">Spacecraft propulsion</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Isakowitz, Hopkins, and Hopkins <i>International Guide to Space Launch Systems</i>, AIAA. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-56347591-X.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://newspace.im">Small Satellite Launchers at NewSpace Index</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Osipov, Yuri (2004–2017). Great Russian Encyclopedia. Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527140116/https://bigenc.ru/technology_and_technique/text/3492657" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20210527140116/https://bigenc.ru/technology_and_technique/text/3492657</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>NASA Space Technology Roadmaps – Launch Propulsion Systems, p. 11 Archived 24 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine: "Small: 0-2t payloads, Medium: 2-20t payloads, Heavy: 20-50t payloads, Super Heavy: >50t payloads" <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/500393main_TA01-LaunchPropulsion-DRAFT-Nov2010-A.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/500393main_TA01-LaunchPropulsion-DRAFT-Nov2010-A.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-001B" target="_blank">https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-001B</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Sputnik launch vehicle 8K71PS (M1-1PS)". Russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sputnik_lv.html" target="_blank">http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sputnik_lv.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"ЦЭНКИ – Центр эксплуатации объектов наземной космической инфраструктуры". Russian.space. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="http://www.russian.space/" target="_blank">http://www.russian.space/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Vanguard Project – U.S. Naval Research Laboratory". Nrl.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216232851/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/accomplishments/rockets/vanguard-project" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200216232851/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/accomplishments/rockets/vanguard-project</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"The Vanguard Satellite Launching Vehicle — An Engineering Summary". B. Klawans. April 1960, 212 pages. Martin Company Engineering Report No 11022, PDF of an optical copy. <a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740072500_1974072500.pdf" target="_blank">https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740072500_1974072500.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Kennedy, John F. (20 April 1961). "Memorandum for Vice President". The White House (Memorandum). Boston, MA: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from the original on 21 July 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2013. <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" target="_blank">/wiki/John_F._Kennedy</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Launius, Roger D. (July 1994). "President John F. Kennedy Memo for Vice President, 20 April 1961" (PDF). Apollo: A Retrospective Analysis. Monographs in Aerospace History Number 3. Washington, D.C.: NASA. OCLC 31825096. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2013. Key Apollo Source Documents Archived 8 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine. <a href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/apollo2.pdf" target="_blank">https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/apollo2.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"The Space Review: The case for smaller launch vehicles in human space exploration (part 2) (page 2)". www.thespacereview.com. Retrieved 1 June 2024. <a href="https://www.thespacereview.com/article/529/2" target="_blank">https://www.thespacereview.com/article/529/2</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Iran test launches new satellite-carrying rocket". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 24 November 2022. <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/5/iran-test-launches-new-satellite-carrying-rocket" target="_blank">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/5/iran-test-launches-new-satellite-carrying-rocket</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Shavit Data Sheet". Spacelaunchreport.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://archive.today/20160125045209/http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/shavit.html" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20160125045209/http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/shavit.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Status of North Korean Satellite unknown after prolonged Radio Silence, Reports of Tumbling – Spaceflight101". 12 February 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2019. <a href="http://spaceflight101.com/status-of-north-korean-satellite-unknown-after-prolonged-radio-silence-reports-of-tumbling/" target="_blank">http://spaceflight101.com/status-of-north-korean-satellite-unknown-after-prolonged-radio-silence-reports-of-tumbling/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Rocket Lab Increases Electron Payload Capacity, Enabling Interplanetary Missions and Reusability". Rocketlab USA. Retrieved 7 August 2020. <a href="https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-increases-electron-payload-capacity-enabling-interplanetary-missions-and-reusability/" target="_blank">https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-increases-electron-payload-capacity-enabling-interplanetary-missions-and-reusability/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Rocket Lab Increases Electron Payload Capacity, Enabling Interplanetary Missions and Reusability". Rocketlab USA. Retrieved 7 August 2020. <a href="https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-increases-electron-payload-capacity-enabling-interplanetary-missions-and-reusability/" target="_blank">https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-increases-electron-payload-capacity-enabling-interplanetary-missions-and-reusability/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-1 (Smart Dragon-1, SD 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2 November 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>""双曲线一号S火箭"首飞成功!星际荣耀近期型谱计划出炉!(The Hyperbola 1-S Rocket Made Its First Flight Successfully! Interstellar Glory releases its future plans)". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408105426/http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/29636.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180408105426/http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/29636.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Jeongmin Kim (1 June 2023). "North Korea rushed satellite launch after seeing ROK rocket success, Seoul says". NK News. Retrieved 2 June 2023. <a href="https://www.nknews.org/2023/06/north-korea-rushed-satellite-launch-after-seeing-rok-rocket-success-seoul-says/" target="_blank">https://www.nknews.org/2023/06/north-korea-rushed-satellite-launch-after-seeing-rok-rocket-success-seoul-says/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Photographic image of Simorga SIV". I004.radikal.ru. Archived from the original (JG) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230321/http://i004.radikal.ru/1508/a7/94ca7ddf9113.jpg" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230321/http://i004.radikal.ru/1508/a7/94ca7ddf9113.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Clark, Stephen (8 November 2020). "New Chinese rocket successful in debut launch". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 30 May 2022. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/11/08/new-chinese-rocket-successful-in-debut-launch/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/11/08/new-chinese-rocket-successful-in-debut-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Kuaizhou". Gunter's Space Pages. Retrieved 31 December 2014. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kuaizhou-1.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kuaizhou-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Includes 2 Kuaizhou-1 launches and 26 Kuaizhou-1A launches. <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Kuaizhou". Gunter's Space Pages. Retrieved 31 December 2014. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kuaizhou-1.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kuaizhou-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"fas.org Start1". Fas.org. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813222553/https://fas.org/spp/guide/russia/launch/start1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160813222553/https://fas.org/spp/guide/russia/launch/start1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"EROS B". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/eros-b.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/eros-b.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"Start-1". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/start-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/start-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"Minotaur I Space Launch Vehicle—Fact Sheet" (PDF). Orbital Sciences Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012. Spacecraft mass-to-orbit of up to 580 kg to LEO (28.5 deg, 185 km) <a href="http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Minotaur_I_Fact.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Minotaur_I_Fact.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"Minotaur Rocket". Northrop Grumman. Retrieved 31 January 2022. <a href="https://www.northropgrumman.com/space/minotaur-rocket" target="_blank">https://www.northropgrumman.com/space/minotaur-rocket</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>"China reveals CZ-11 anti-ASAT rocket". Chinadailymail.com. 8 October 2015. Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223194453/https://chinadailymail.com/2015/10/08/chinas-reveals-cz-11-anti-asat-rocket/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190223194453/https://chinadailymail.com/2015/10/08/chinas-reveals-cz-11-anti-asat-rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Barbosa, Rui (25 September 2015). "China debuts Long March 11 lofting Tianwang-1 trio". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 26 September 2015. <a href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/09/china-debuts-long-march-11-lofting-tianwang-1-trio/" target="_blank">http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/09/china-debuts-long-march-11-lofting-tianwang-1-trio/</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Firefly Alpha". Firefly Aerospace. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006064518/http://www.fireflyspace.com/vehicles/firefly-a" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141006064518/http://www.fireflyspace.com/vehicles/firefly-a</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>"Projects&Products". IHI Aerospace. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110406035626/http://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/product/rocket.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110406035626/http://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/product/rocket.html</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>"Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Retrieved 4 March 2011. <a href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"Rocket". ABL Space Systems. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207184127/https://ablspacesystems.com/rocket/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220207184127/https://ablspacesystems.com/rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>"Strela launcher". Russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/strela.html" target="_blank">http://www.russianspaceweb.com/strela.html</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>"Strela". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 23 December 2014. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/strela.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/strela.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>"Minotaur-C Factsheet" (PDF). Orbital Science Corporation. 2014. <a href="http://www.orbital.com/LaunchSystems/Publications/Minotaurc_factsheet.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.orbital.com/LaunchSystems/Publications/Minotaurc_factsheet.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>"Minotaur-C Factsheet" (PDF). Orbital Science Corporation. 2014. <a href="http://www.orbital.com/LaunchSystems/Publications/Minotaurc_factsheet.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.orbital.com/LaunchSystems/Publications/Minotaurc_factsheet.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>"Taurus / Minotaur-C". Gunter's Space Page. May 2014. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/taurus.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/taurus.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>Krebs, Gunter Dirk. "GYUB (South Korean Solid Fueled LV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 7 June 2024. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/gyub.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/gyub.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>"Minotaur IV Fact sheet" (PDF). Orbital Sciences Corporation. 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2009. <a href="http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Minotaur_IV_Fact.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Minotaur_IV_Fact.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>"Minotaur-3/-4/-5/-6 (OSP-2 Peacekeeper SLV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 31 January 2022. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/minotaur-4.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/minotaur-4.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Minotaur-3/-4/-5 (OSP-2 Peacekeeper SLV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 7 February 2018. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/minotaur-4.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/minotaur-4.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>China 'N Asia Spaceflight [@CNSpaceflight] (16 October 2022). "Finally we have more data of the mysterious Tianlong-2: 32.8m tall 5.7m D3.35m fairing 190t liftoff thrust with 7 TH-11(?) 1 300KN closed-cycle kerolox TH-11 vacuum in 2nd stage TH-31 upper stage for payloads deployment 2t to LEO 1.5t to 500km SSO" (Tweet). Retrieved 16 October 2022 – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/CNSpaceflight/status/1581667259012947968" target="_blank">https://x.com/CNSpaceflight/status/1581667259012947968</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-3 (Smart Dragon-3, SD 3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 9 December 2022. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>OS-M1 Variant of OS-M was launched <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>Jones, Andrew (12 March 2019). "China's OneSpace completes rocket assembly ahead of first orbital launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 30 March 2024. <a href="https://spacenews.com/chinas-onespace-completes-rocket-assembly-ahead-of-first-orbital-launch/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/chinas-onespace-completes-rocket-assembly-ahead-of-first-orbital-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>"Perigee Aerospace Inc". Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201214801/http://perigee.kr/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201201214801/http://perigee.kr/</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>"국내 우주기업 이노스페이스, 발사체 '1·2단 분리 시험' 성공". Kyunghyang Shinmun (in Korean). 23 December 2024. <a href="https://www.khan.co.kr/article/202412231003001" target="_blank">https://www.khan.co.kr/article/202412231003001</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>"インターステラテクノロジズ株式会社 - Interstellar Technologies Inc". インターステラテクノロジズ株式会社 - Interstellar Technologies Inc. <a href="http://www.istellartech.com/" target="_blank">http://www.istellartech.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>"Novos lançadores de satélites e nova empresa espacial para Alcântara". Tecnodefesa. 10 December 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2022. <a href="http://tecnodefesa.com.br/novos-lancadores-de-satelites-e-nova-empresa-espacial-para-alcantara-aeb/" target="_blank">http://tecnodefesa.com.br/novos-lancadores-de-satelites-e-nova-empresa-espacial-para-alcantara-aeb/</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>Matias, Jairus (7 January 2019). "Local space venture gears up for first rocket launch". BusinessWorld. Retrieved 6 February 2021. <a href="https://www.bworldonline.com/local-space-venture-gears-up-for-first-rocket-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.bworldonline.com/local-space-venture-gears-up-for-first-rocket-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>"Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle". <a href="http://www.independence-x.com/launch-services.html" target="_blank">http://www.independence-x.com/launch-services.html</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>"Volans". Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314112223/https://www.equatorialspace.com/rockets-volans" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220314112223/https://www.equatorialspace.com/rockets-volans</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:55"><p>"Launch Vehicle | Skyroot Aerospace". 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201215065720/https://skyroot.in/launch-vehicle/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201215065720/https://skyroot.in/launch-vehicle/</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:56"><p>Speed, Richard. "Brit rocketeer Skyrora reckons it'll be orbital in 3 years – that is, if UK government plays ball". www.theregister.com. <a href="https://www.theregister.com/2019/08/22/skyrora/" target="_blank">https://www.theregister.com/2019/08/22/skyrora/</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:57"><p>Etherington, Darrell (3 February 2020). "Launch startup Skyrora successfully tests 3D-printed rocket engines powered by plastic waste". TechCrunch. Retrieved 4 March 2020. <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/02/03/launch-startup-skyrora-successfully-tests-3d-printed-rocket-engines-powered-by-plastic-waste/" target="_blank">https://techcrunch.com/2020/02/03/launch-startup-skyrora-successfully-tests-3d-printed-rocket-engines-powered-by-plastic-waste/</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:58"><p>"Hapith V". www.tispace.com. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210409214515/http://www.tispace.com/launch.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20210409214515/http://www.tispace.com/launch.html</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:59"><p>"Aevum's Ravn X Drone to Offer Rapid Launches to Low-Earth Orbit | Aevum". 14 December 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2025. <a href="https://www.aviationtoday.com/2020/12/14/aevums-ravn-x-drone-offer-rapid-launches-low-earth-orbit/" target="_blank">https://www.aviationtoday.com/2020/12/14/aevums-ravn-x-drone-offer-rapid-launches-low-earth-orbit/</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:60"><p>"Launch Vehicle | Skyroot Aerospace". 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201215065720/https://skyroot.in/launch-vehicle/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201215065720/https://skyroot.in/launch-vehicle/</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:61"><p>"Launch Services | Astra". 25 April 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2023. <a href="https://astra.com/launch-services/" target="_blank">https://astra.com/launch-services/</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:62"><p>"Launch Vehicle | Skyroot Aerospace". 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201215065720/https://skyroot.in/launch-vehicle/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201215065720/https://skyroot.in/launch-vehicle/</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:63"><p>Mazzini Puga, Luciana (9 June 2023). "Hacia la soberanía espacial: el lanzador de satélites Tronador II estará listo en 2029" [Towards space sovereignty: the Tronador II satellite launcher will be ready in 2029]. Agencia de Noticias Cientificas (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 November 2023. <a href="https://agencia.unq.edu.ar/?p=12795" target="_blank">https://agencia.unq.edu.ar/?p=12795</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:64"><p>"Spanish startup PLD Space gears up for 2022 suborbital launch". SpaceNews. 24 November 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2022. <a href="https://spacenews.com/spanish-startup-pld-space-gears-up-for-2022-suborbital-launch/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/spanish-startup-pld-space-gears-up-for-2022-suborbital-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:65"><p>"Hyperbola-2". Retrieved 11 January 2022. <a href="http://www.i-space.com.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=4" target="_blank">http://www.i-space.com.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=4</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:66"><p>"Vanguard". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 6 May 2002. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020506201411/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/vanguard.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20020506201411/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/vanguard.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:67"><p>"Jupiter C". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227203631/http://astronautix.com/j/jupiterc.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161227203631/http://astronautix.com/j/jupiterc.html</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:68"><p>"Not dead yet! What Bob Cringely has been up to... | I, Cringely". www.cringely.com. 23 January 2020. <a href="https://www.cringely.com/2020/01/23/not-dead-yet-what-bob-cringely-has-been-up-to/" target="_blank">https://www.cringely.com/2020/01/23/not-dead-yet-what-bob-cringely-has-been-up-to/</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:69"><p>"NISSAN HERITAGE COLLECTION online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14" target="_blank">http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:70"><p>"Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Retrieved 4 March 2011. <a href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:71"><p>"Lambda". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227230531/http://astronautix.com/l/lambda.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161227230531/http://astronautix.com/l/lambda.html</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:72"><p>"Launch Vehicles". Department of Space, Government of India. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201215831/http://dos.gov.in/launchvehicles.aspx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140201215831/http://dos.gov.in/launchvehicles.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:73"><p>"Juno II". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227211656/http://astronautix.com/j/junoii.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161227211656/http://astronautix.com/j/junoii.html</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:74"><p>"Boeing Unveils Air-Launched Space-Access Concept". www.aviationweek.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130326232014/http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_05_21_2012_p25-458597.xml&p=1" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130326232014/http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_05_21_2012_p25-458597.xml&p=1</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:75"><p>Messier, Doug (2 July 2012). "DARPA Awards 6 Small Airborne Launch Vehicle Contracts – Parabolic Arc". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 17 May 2021. <a href="http://www.parabolicarc.com/2012/07/02/darpa-awards-6-small-airborne-launch-vehicle-contracts/" target="_blank">http://www.parabolicarc.com/2012/07/02/darpa-awards-6-small-airborne-launch-vehicle-contracts/</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:76"><p>"Launch Services | Astra". 25 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2022. <a href="https://astra.com/launch-services/" target="_blank">https://astra.com/launch-services/</a> <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:77"><p>جم, Jamejam, جام (3 February 2012). "ماهواره ملي"نويد علم و صنعت"بهفضا پرتاب شد". Jamejam Online. Retrieved 7 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="http://jamejamonline.ir/online/671170836222780565/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%20%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%20%D9%88%20%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%20%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%20%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D8%B4%D8%AF" target="_blank">http://jamejamonline.ir/online/671170836222780565/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%20%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%20%D9%88%20%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%20%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%20%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D8%B4%D8%AF</a> <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:78"><p>"Vector-R — Vector Launch". 16 October 2016. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161016171847/http://vectorspacesystems.com/technology-4" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161016171847/http://vectorspacesystems.com/technology-4</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:79"><p>"Aura / Signe 3 (D 2B)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/aura.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/aura.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:80"><p>"Diamant". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/diamant.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/diamant.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:80" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:81"><p>"Vector-H — Vector Launch". 16 October 2016. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161016202028/http://vectorspacesystems.com/vectorh" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161016202028/http://vectorspacesystems.com/vectorh</a> <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:82"><p>"Capricorno". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228013804/http://astronautix.com/c/capricorno.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161228013804/http://astronautix.com/c/capricorno.html</a> <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:83"><p>"NASA – Scout Launch Vehicle Program". Nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220323195505/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/Scout.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220323195505/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/Scout.html</a> <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:84"><p>"NISSAN HERITAGE COLLECTION online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14" target="_blank">http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14</a> <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:85"><p>"Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Retrieved 4 March 2011. <a href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:86"><p>"NISSAN HERITAGE COLLECTION online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14" target="_blank">http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14</a> <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:87"><p>"Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Retrieved 4 March 2011. <a href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:88"><p>"Vysota / Volna / Shtil". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:89"><p>"Vysota / Volna / Shtil". Retrieved 23 December 2014. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:89" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:90"><p>"NISSAN HERITAGE COLLECTION online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14" target="_blank">http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14</a> <a href="#fnref:90" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:91"><p>"Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Retrieved 4 March 2011. <a href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:91" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:92"><p>"NISSAN HERITAGE COLLECTION online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14" target="_blank">http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14</a> <a href="#fnref:92" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:93"><p>"Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Retrieved 4 March 2011. <a href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:93" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:94"><p>"CZ-1". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165412/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165412/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:94" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:95"><p>"CZ-1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 February 2014. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:95" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:96"><p>"CZ-1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 February 2014. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:96" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:97"><p>"CZ-1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 February 2014. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:98"><p>Jones, Andrew (2 August 2018). "Landspace of China to launch first rocket in Q4 2018". SpaceNews. Retrieved 16 August 2018. <a href="https://spacenews.com/landspace-of-china-to-launch-first-rocket-in-q4-2018" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/landspace-of-china-to-launch-first-rocket-in-q4-2018</a> <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:99"><p>"Explorer: RAE B". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_rae-b.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_rae-b.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:100"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:100" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:101"><p>"NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-077A" target="_blank">https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-077A</a> <a href="#fnref:101" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:102"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:102" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:103"><p>"GEOS 3". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/geos-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/geos-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:103" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:104"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:104" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:105"><p>"VLS". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vls.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vls.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:105" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:106"><p>A third rocket exploded before launch <a href="#fnref:106" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:107"><p>"Aviation History, Explorer 47 on Delta 1604, Sept. 38, 1972". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972%20-%202616.html" target="_blank">https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972%20-%202616.html</a> <a href="#fnref:107" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:108"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:108" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:109"><p>"Falcon-1". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/falcon-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/falcon-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:109" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:110"><p>"NASA Awards Launch for Orbital's Pegasus Rocket – Parabolic Arc". Parabolicarc.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227201948/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/04/02/nasa-awards-launch-orbitals-pegasus-rocket/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161227201948/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/04/02/nasa-awards-launch-orbitals-pegasus-rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:110" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:111"><p>"Pegasus". Gunter's Space Pages. Retrieved 31 December 2014. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pegasus.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pegasus.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:111" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:112"><p>Abell, John C. (9 September 2009). "Sept. 9, 1982: 3-2-1 ... Liftoff! The First Private Rocket Launch". Wired. <a href="https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2009/09/dayintech0909privaterocket/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2009/09/dayintech0909privaterocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:112" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:113"><p>"Sputnik 2 (PS-2 #1)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sputnik-2.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sputnik-2.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:113" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:114"><p>"Launcher One Service Gide" (PDF). Virgin Orbit. 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019. Spacecraft mass-to-orbit of up to 500 kg to LEO (low inclination, 200 km, 28 deg site) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191219033854/https://virginorbit.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ServiceGuide_Sept2019.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191219033854/https://virginorbit.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ServiceGuide_Sept2019.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:114" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:115"><p>Korea, Christoph Bluth, ISBN 9780745633572 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:115" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:116"><p>"CZ-1D". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2002. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020525110013/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1d.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20020525110013/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1d.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:116" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:117"><p>Suborbital test flights in 1995, 1997 and 2002, no orbital launches attempted <a href="#fnref:117" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:118"><p>"NISSAN HERITAGE COLLECTION online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14" target="_blank">http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14</a> <a href="#fnref:118" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:119"><p>"Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Retrieved 4 March 2011. <a href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:119" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:120"><p>"Athena-1 (LLV-1 / LMLV-1)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/athena-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/athena-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:120" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:121"><p>"Athena-1". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020070641/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/athena1.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20131020070641/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/athena1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:121" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:122"><p>"Explorer: DE 1, 2". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_de.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_de.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:122" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:123"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:123" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:124"><p>"NISSAN HERITAGE COLLECTION online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14" target="_blank">http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14</a> <a href="#fnref:124" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:125"><p>"JAXA – J-I Launch Vehicle". JAXA – Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="http://global.jaxa.jp/projects/rockets/j1/" target="_blank">http://global.jaxa.jp/projects/rockets/j1/</a> <a href="#fnref:125" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:126"><p>"OSO 8". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/oso-8.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/oso-8.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:126" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:127"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:127" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:128"><p>"Delta". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165041/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165041/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:128" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:129"><p>Wade, Mark. "Delta 0900". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011071346/http://astronautix.com/lvs/dela0900.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20111011071346/http://astronautix.com/lvs/dela0900.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:129" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:130"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:130" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:131"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:131" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:132"><p>"Atlas LV-3B". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227213849/http://astronautix.com/a/atlaslv-3b.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161227213849/http://astronautix.com/a/atlaslv-3b.html</a> <a href="#fnref:132" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:133"><p>"JERS (Fuyo)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jers.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jers.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:133" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:134"><p>"Cosmos-1, 3, 3M and 3MU – SL-8 – C-1". Russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/cosmos3.html" target="_blank">http://www.russianspaceweb.com/cosmos3.html</a> <a href="#fnref:134" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:135"><p>"Kosmos-3M (11K65M)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/kosmos-3m.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/kosmos-3m.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:135" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:136"><p>"Projects&Products". IHI Aerospace. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110406035626/http://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/product/rocket.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110406035626/http://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/product/rocket.html</a> <a href="#fnref:136" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:137"><p>"NISSAN HERITAGE COLLECTION online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan. Retrieved 8 March 2011. <a href="http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14" target="_blank">http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14</a> <a href="#fnref:137" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:138"><p>"Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Retrieved 4 March 2011. <a href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:138" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:139"><p>"NASA, Athena Mission Planner's Guide 26 August 2012" (PDF). Nasa.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107144338/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Athena_MPG_01-23-12.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170107144338/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Athena_MPG_01-23-12.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:139" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:140"><p>"Athena-2". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131108140050/http://astronautix.com/lvs/athena2.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20131108140050/http://astronautix.com/lvs/athena2.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:140" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:141"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:141" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:142"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:142" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:143"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:143" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:144"><p>Gunter, Krebs. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110818024909/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:144" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:145"><p>"Russia's Rokot launches with three Rodnik satellites". NASASpaceFlight.com. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/09/russias-rokot-launches-three-rodnik/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/09/russias-rokot-launches-three-rodnik/</a> <a href="#fnref:145" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:146"><p>The lead manufacturer is from Italy, but the rocket has significant contributions from companies based in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and Ukraine. <a href="/wiki/Belgium" target="_blank">/wiki/Belgium</a> <a href="#fnref:146" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>