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Norman, Oklahoma
City in Oklahoma, US

Norman, the 3rd most populous city in Oklahoma, has a population of 128,026 as of the 2020 census. Founded during the Land Run of 1889 and named after land surveyor Abner Norman, it is the county seat of Cleveland County and part of the Oklahoma City Metro Area. Norman hosts the University of Oklahoma, the state's largest university, known for its Sooners football team and cultural institutions like the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art. The city’s National Weather Center coordinates severe weather research, including the Storm Prediction Center and National Severe Storms Laboratory, vital for understanding Earth’s atmosphere within Tornado Alley.

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History

See also: Timeline of Norman, Oklahoma

The Oklahoma region became part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Before the American Civil War, the U.S. government began relocating the Five Civilized Tribes—the five Native American tribes that the United States officially recognized via treaty—to Oklahoma. Treaties of 1832 and 1833 assigned the area known today as Norman to the Creek Nation.2

After the Civil War, the Creeks were accused of aiding the Confederacy; as a result they ceded the region back to the United States in 1866.3 In the early 1870s, the federal government undertook a survey of these unassigned lands. Abner Ernest Norman, a 23-year-old surveyor from Kentucky, was hired to oversee part of this project.4 Norman's work crew set up camp near what is today the corner of Classen Boulevard and Lindsey Street; it was there that the men, perhaps jokingly, carved a sign on an elm tree that read "Norman's Camp," in honor of their young boss.56 In 1887, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway began service to the area,7 which was later opened to settlement as part of the Land Run of 1889;89 early settlers decided to keep the name "Norman."1011

On April 22, 1889, that first Land Run in what would become the state of Oklahoma saw the founding of Norman, with at least 150 residents spending the night in makeshift campsites,12 and by the next morning a downtown was already being constructed.13 Almost immediately two prominent Norman businessmen, former Purcell railroad freight agent Delbert Larsh and railroad station chief cashier Thomas Waggoner, began lobbying for the territorial government to locate its first university in Norman.14 The two were interested in growing the city and had reasoned that, rather than try to influence territorial lawmakers to locate the heavily contested territory capital in Norman, it made sense to attempt to secure the state's first university instead (a move that would be far less controversial).15 On December 19, 1890, Larsh and Waggoner were successful with the passage of Territorial Council Bill 114, establishing the University of Oklahoma in Norman about 18 years before Oklahoma statehood.16

The City of Norman was formally incorporated on May 13, 1891.17

The new Norman was a sundown town. African Americans were not allowed to live within the city limits or stay overnight until the early 1960s,18192021 nor could they study at the University of Oklahoma. In 2020, the Norman City Council issued an apology.22

Norman has grown throughout the decades. By 1902 the downtown district contained two banks, two hotels, a flour mill, and other businesses; by 1913 over 3,700 people lived in Norman when the Oklahoma Railway Company decided to extend its interurban streetcar running from Oklahoma City to Moore into Norman, spurring additional population growth.23 The rail lines eventually transitioned to freight during the 1940s as the United States Numbered Highway system developed. The population reached 11,429 in 1940.24

With the completion of Interstate 35 in June 1959,25 Norman found its role as a bedroom community to Oklahoma City increasing rapidly; in 1960 Norman's population was 33,412 but by the end of the decade had grown to 52,117.2627 Throughout the 1960s Norman's land mass increased by 174 sq mi (450 km2) by annexing surrounding areas.28 The city's growth trends have continued early in the 21st century, with the population reaching 95,694 in 2000,2930 110,925 in 2010,3132 and 128,026 in 2020.33

Military in Norman

In 1941, the University of Oklahoma and Norman city officials established Max Westheimer Field, a university airstrip, and then leased it to the U.S. Navy as a Naval Flight Training Center in 1942.34 It became the Naval Air Station Norman, and it was used for training combat pilots during World War II. A second training center, known as Naval Air Technical Training Center, and a naval hospital were later established to the south.35 In the years following World War II the airstrip was transferred back to the university's control.36 Today the airstrip is called the University of Oklahoma Westheimer Airport. Following the war the remaining military presence and post-war veterans who came to Norman to get an education again grew the city's population, which was 27,006 by 1950.3738 The Navy again utilized the bases in a lesser capacity from 1952 to 1959 in support of the Korean War effort.39

Geography

As of 2010, the city has a total area of 189.42 sq mi (490.6 km2), of which 178.77 sq mi (463.0 km2) is land and 10.65 sq mi (27.6 km2) is water.40

The center of this large incorporated area is 20 mi (30 km) from the center of Oklahoma City, and separated primarily by Moore, is in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.41

Topography

Norman and the surrounding areas are mostly flat with an elevation near 1,171 ft (357 m).42 The terrain in the western section of Norman is prairie,43 while the eastern section, including the area surrounding Lake Thunderbird, consists of some 6,000 acres (24 km2) of lakes and Cross Timbers forest.44

Climate

See also: List of Cleveland County, Oklahoma tornadoes

Climate data for Norman 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1894–present45
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)81(27)90(32)97(36)99(37)102(39)109(43)112(44)116(47)107(42)100(38)91(33)86(30)116(47)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)49.9(9.9)54.4(12.4)63.2(17.3)71.4(21.9)78.8(26.0)87.2(30.7)92.5(33.6)92.1(33.4)84.2(29.0)73.7(23.2)61.8(16.6)51.6(10.9)71.7(22.1)
Daily mean °F (°C)38.8(3.8)42.9(6.1)51.5(10.8)59.8(15.4)68.6(20.3)77.3(25.2)81.8(27.7)81.2(27.3)73.2(22.9)62.0(16.7)50.3(10.2)41.1(5.1)60.7(15.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)27.7(−2.4)31.3(−0.4)39.8(4.3)48.2(9.0)58.4(14.7)67.3(19.6)71.2(21.8)70.2(21.2)62.2(16.8)50.3(10.2)38.8(3.8)30.6(−0.8)49.7(9.8)
Record low °F (°C)−9(−23)−17(−27)1(−17)20(−7)28(−2)43(6)52(11)47(8)32(0)10(−12)5(−15)−3(−19)−17(−27)
Average precipitation inches (mm)1.37(35)1.60(41)2.80(71)3.48(88)5.14(131)4.79(122)3.71(94)3.61(92)3.68(93)3.43(87)2.04(52)2.00(51)37.65(956)
Average snowfall inches (cm)1.2(3.0)1.2(3.0)0.2(0.51)0(0)0(0)0(0)0(0)0(0)0(0)0(0)0.5(1.3)1.0(2.5)4.1(10)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)5.25.87.48.010.49.26.37.07.47.25.65.985.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)0.91.30.300000000.21.24.0
Source: NOAA4647

Norman falls within a temperate, humid subtropical climate region that is identified as "Cfa" class on the Köppen climate classification.48 On average Norman receives about 38 in (970 mm) of precipitation per year;49 May and June are the wettest months.50 Temperatures average 61 °F (16 °C) for the year.5152 Average daytime highs range from 50 °F (10 °C) in January to 92.5 °F (33.6 °C) in July; average lows range from around 28 °F (−2 °C) in January to 71 °F (22 °C) in July.5354 While Summers generally range from warm to hot, some summers can be very hot, as was evident in the historically hot summers of 1980 and 2011, when temperatures climbed above 100 °F (38 °C) over most days from mid-June through early September in those years.555657 Consistent winds, averaging near 10 mph (16 km/h) and usually from the south to southeast, help to temper hotter weather during the summer and intensify cold periods during the winter.58

The average growing season in Norman is 209 days, but plants that can withstand short periods of colder temperatures may have an additional three to six weeks.59 Winter months tend to be cloudier than those in summer, with the percentage of possible sunshine ranging from an average of about 55% in winter to nearly 80% in summer.60

Norman lies within an area colloquially referred to as "Tornado Alley", a region of the United States known for frequent tornadic activity, and the Oklahoma City metropolitan area, which encompasses Norman, is known for being one of the more tornado-prone areas in the United States.6162 The risk for tornadoes is greatest in the springtime months of March through June when the majority of all reported tornadoes occur.63 Severe weather, including tornadoes, still occurs outside this range. Notably, a high-end EF2 tornado tore through the southeastern side of Norman on the night of February 26, 2023, passing within a mile of the NWC.64 There have been several other tornado events in recent years. On May 10, 2010, numerous tornadoes occurred in Cleveland County, resulting in the loss of multiple homes and businesses within Norman city limits. Weak tornadoes also struck Norman on April 13, 2012 and May 6, 2015.6566

Neighborhoods

Norman has a wide variety of neighborhoods. Downtown Norman is an area of approximately 2 sq mi (5 km2) bounded by University Blvd., Symmes St., Porter Ave., and Daws St.; primary streets include Main St. and Gray St.67 The area consists of restaurants, art galleries, and other businesses;68 it is home to some of the oldest buildings in Oklahoma.69

Hall Park is an area northeast of downtown Norman that was originally an independent township; in 2005 it was annexed into Norman, becoming one of its neighborhoods.70 The area is home to many middle-class suburban homes and is historically important in that it was advertised as the United States' first "all-electric town."71 President Ronald Reagan, then an executive with General Electric, attended Hall Park's grand opening ceremonies in 1962 where he was named the town's honorary first mayor.72

The University of Oklahoma and the area surrounding it are home to many historically significant neighborhoods.73 The university itself has a unique Gothic-inspired architecture known as "Cherokee Gothic," so named by architect Frank Lloyd Wright.74 Churches and houses in the surrounding neighborhoods can be described as neo-Gothic or Queen Anne in style. Norman has two city-designated historic preservation districts in the area: the Miller Historic District, bounded by Symmes St., Classen Blvd., and Miller Ave.;75 and the Chautauqua Historic District, bounded by Symmes St., Brooks St., Chautauqua Ave., and Lahoma Ave.76 Both of these residential neighborhoods contain houses designed from a mixture of architectural styles dating from 1903 to 1935, with the majority of the Miller neighborhood being of the Bungalow or American Craftsman style homes.77 Any external changes or repairs to homes in these areas must be approved by the Norman Historic Preservation Commission.78

The area immediately north of the university is known as Campus Corner and contains a mixture of businesses, bars, and restaurants.79 The neighborhoods to the east of the campus are home to many students, both in residential housing and high-rise condos/apartments.80

Norman enjoys many tree-lined landscapes, participating in the ReLeaf Norman and Tree City USA programs.818283

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1890787—
19002,225182.7%
19103,72467.4%
19205,00434.4%
19309,60391.9%
194011,42919.0%
195027,006136.3%
196033,41223.7%
197052,11756.0%
198068,02030.5%
199080,07117.7%
200095,69419.5%
2010110,92515.9%
2020128,02615.4%
2024 (est.)131,010842.3%
U.S. Decennial Census85

2020 census

Norman, Oklahoma – Racial and ethnic compositionNote: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 200086Pop 201087Pop 202088% 2000% 2010% 2020
White (NH)76,85284,38486,00780.31%76.07%67.18%
Black or African American (NH)4,0224,6746,1764.20%4.21%4.82%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH)4,1395,0275,2464.33%4.53%4.10%
Asian (NH)3,3214,2115,0283.47%3.80%3.93%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian (NH)4474980.05%0.07%0.08%
Some other race (NH)971481,2630.10%0.13%0.99%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)3,4965,32512,3813.65%4.80%9.67%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)3,7237,08211,8273.89%6.38%9.24%
Total95,694110,925128,026100.00%100.00%100.00%

As of the census of 2010, there were 110,925 people, 44,661 households, and 24,913 families residing within the city.89 By population, Norman was the third-largest city in Oklahoma90 and the 225th-largest city in the United States.91 The population density was 616 inhabitants per square mile (238/km2).92 The racial makeup of the city was 84.7% White, 4.3% African American, 4.7% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 5.5% from two or more races.93 Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.4% of the population.94

Of the 44,661 households, 25.0% had children under the age of 18, 41.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.2% were non-families.95 Individuals living alone made up 30.7% of all households; 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.96 The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.94.97

The age distribution was 5.8% under the age of 5, 5.7% from 5 to 9, 5.2% from 10 to 14, 8.9% from 15 to 19, 16.0% from 20 to 24, 9.0% from 25 to 29, 6.6% from 30 to 34, 5.6% from 35 to 39, 5.3% from 40 to 44, 5.9% from 45 to 49, 5.9% from 50 to 54, 5.4% from 55 to 59, 4.6% from 60 to 64, 3.2% from 65 to 69, 2.3% from 70 to 74, 1.8% from 75 to 79, 1.4% from 80 to 84, and 1.3% over 85 years of age.98 The median age was 29.6 years.99 Males made up 49.7% of the population while females made up 50.3%.100

The median household income in the city was $44,396, and the median income for a family was $62,826.101 Males had a median income of $41,859 versus $35,777 for females.102 The per capita income for the city was $24,586.103 About 11.8% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.104

Although religious information is not collected by the U.S. census, according to a 2000 survey by Dale E. Jones of the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies, 50.2% of the population in Norman is affiliated with a religious institution.105 Of those 43.6% were Southern Baptist, 15.0% Catholic Church, 13.0% United Methodist, 3.3% Assembly of God, 2.8% Churches of Christ, 2.1% Latter-day Saint (Mormon), 2.1% Christian Churches and Churches of Christ, 1.9% Disciples of Christ, 1.7% Presbyterian Church, and 14.6% other Christian denominations or religions.106

Economy

The University of Oklahoma employs over 11,600 personnel across three campuses, making it a significant driver of Norman's economy.107108 The campus is a center for scientific and technological research, having contributed over $277 million to such programs in 2009.109

Norman is also home of the National Weather Center, a cooperative research effort between the University of Oklahoma and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that houses a number of weather- and climate-related organizations;110 the city is also the location of the National Weather Museum & Science Center.111 As a result of this ongoing academic and public weather research, several private meteorological businesses are present in the city, including Weathernews Americas, Inc., Vieux and Associates, Inc., Verisk Analytics, Pivotal Weather, and DTN (formerly Weather Decision Technologies).112113114115

In addition to weather, Norman is a center for other scientific ventures, public and private. The Oklahoma Geological Survey, which conducts geological research,116 and the Oklahoma Renewable Energy Council, which is a public-private alliance that fosters renewable energy technology with the aim of establishing more viable applications, make the city their home.117 Southwest NanoTechnologies is a producer of single-walled carbon nanotubes.118119 Bergey Windpower is a supplier of small wind turbines.120

Other major employers in the city include Norman Regional Health System, Norman Public Schools, Johnson Controls, Griffin Memorial Hospital, Hitachi, Astellas Pharma Technologies, Albon Engineering, Xyant Technology, MSCI, SITEL, the United States Postal Service National Center for Employee Development, Sysco Corporation, and AT&T.121

Fair trade

In 2010, Norman became the 17th city in the United States to adopt a council resolution giving it status as a Fair Trade Town.122123 The resolution states that the city of Norman supports the purchasing of goods from the local community; when goods cannot be purchased locally the city will support buying from producers abroad who meet Fair Trade standards.124 These standards include supporting quality of life in developing countries and planning for environmental sustainability.125

Top employers

According to the Norman's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,126 the top employers in the city are:

#Employer# of employees
1University of Oklahoma11,085
2Norman Regional Hospital3,040
3Norman Public Schools1,923
4York International/Johnson Controls1,030
5Walmart950
6City of Norman896
7Hitachi400
8NOAA400
9Cleveland County396
10Target380

Arts and culture

Museums and theater

Norman enjoys many cultural attractions that are funded by the university. The Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art made national and international news in 2000 when it was given the Weitzenhoffer Collection, the largest collection of French Impressionist art ever given to an American university.127128129 The collection includes works by Mary Cassatt, Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Camille Pissarro.130

The Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History is a museum containing over 50,000 sq ft (5,000 m2) of exhibits131 ranging from archaeology, paleontology, ethnology, herpetology, ornithology, and Native American studies.132 Its exhibits are intended to immerse visitors in the state's long history. The museum features many complete collections of dinosaur fossils and is also noted for its Paleozoic collection, considered to be one of the largest and most important in existence.133

The Moore-Lindsay House is a Queen Anne-style home built prior to 1900 by prominent Norman home builder William Moore;134 it was purchased by the city of Norman in 1973 and today serves as the city and Cleveland County's historical museum.135 Located at 508 N. Peters, the Moore-Lindsay House's architecture is representative of Norman during the Victorian era.136 The Cleveland County Historical Society maintains a collection of over 5,000 rare books, documents, and other artifacts in its archives located inside the house.137

Catlett Music Center at the University of Oklahoma features many orchestral and jazz performances and the Weitzenhoffer Family College of Fine Arts' Schools of Dance, Drama, and Musical Theatre offer many student programs throughout the year.138

The city is also home to many privately funded galleries and performance sites.139

Community events

Norman hosts many free festivals and community events that occur throughout the year.

The Norman Medieval Fair is a celebration of medieval-themed games, art, and culture, with highlights of jousting, human chessmatch combats & other combat shows, and several musical & dance acts. The event is typically held during the last weekend of March or first weekend of April in Reaves Park, near the university. It has been held annually in Norman since 1976 and was originally a forum for the English Department at the University of Oklahoma.140 It is the largest weekend event held in the state of Oklahoma, with over 325,000 people in attendance in 2006 and growing yearly.141 Events Media Network has named Medieval Fair one of the top 100 events in the United States.

Norman Music Festival is an annual weekend music festival held in April in downtown Norman. Established in 2008, the event had over 26,000 people in attendance during the 2009 festival.142 Originally a one-day event, the festival has quickly grown so large that it is now an all-weekend concert series. The festival highlights both local musicians and internationally acclaimed artists and features many forms and styles of music.143

Groovefest is a music festival hosted annually at Andrews Park. On the last Sunday in September, the music festival is held to help raise awareness about human rights. The event was established in 1986 by the University of Oklahoma chapter of Amnesty International.144

The Chocolate Festival, the only fundraiser of the year for the city's Firehouse Arts Center, was ranked No. 3 for food festivals across America by the Food Network. This festival offers various chocolate tasting sessions, chocolate art competitions and exhibits, chocolate dessert competitions and more. It has been an annual tradition since 1983.

The National Weather Festival takes place at the National Weather Service every fall, featuring food trucks, weather balloon launches, educational booths, and meet-and-greets with local meteorologists.145

Jazz in June is a music festival held the last full weekend in June at various venues across Norman. The festival features both jazz and blues musical performances as well as jazz educational clinics taught by professional musicians appearing in the festival and post-concert jam sessions at local venues which bring headliners and local artists together.146 Jazz in June, one of the major cultural events in the state as well as the City of Norman, attracts a combined concert audience of 50,000 drawn from throughout the state, region and nation. Another 100,000 or more enjoy these same performances through post-festival broadcasts on KGOU Public Radio as well as other public radio stations throughout the state, region and nation.

May Fair is an arts festival held every year during the first weekend in May at Andrews Park. It features top area performers, fine art, crafts, and food.147

Summer Breeze Concert Series is a series of concerts held from Spring to Fall at various park venues across Norman. The series is sponsored by the Performing Arts Studio.148

Midsummer Nights' Fair is a nighttime arts festival held during two evenings in June. The fair features art, music, and food and is held outside the Firehouse Art Center located in Lions Park.149

The Norman Mardi Gras parade is a celebration of Mardi Gras occurring on the Saturday closest to Fat Tuesday. The parade is held in downtown Norman and features themed costumes and floats.150

The Main Street Christmas Holiday Parade is a celebration of Christmas and the holiday season held every December in downtown Norman. The parade features holiday-themed costumes and floats.151

Libraries

Norman is served by three public libraries, Norman Public Library Central, Norman Public Library East, and Norman Public Library West, all of which are part of the 12-branch Pioneer Library System which serves the entirety of Cleveland County, McClain County and Pottawatomie County in Central Oklahoma.152 The library has a reciprocal agreement with the Metropolitan Library System of Oklahoma City through which those eligible for a library card in one system are also eligible in the other.153 Cardholders are also able to borrow books unavailable in the PLS collection through the use of Interlibrary Loan.154 Books can be reserved and shipped to a local library free of charge. In addition to books, the library maintains a collection of periodicals, DVD videos, audio books, e-books and research materials.155

The Bizzell Memorial Library at the University of Oklahoma is the largest library in the state of Oklahoma, containing more than five million volumes.156 In addition to books, the library maintains over 17,000 ft (5,200 m) in length of manuscripts and archives, 1.6 million photographs, and more than 1.5 million maps.157 The library also houses more than 50 books printed before the year 1500.158

Sports

The University of Oklahoma sponsors many collegiate sporting events in Norman. The school is well known for its football program, having won seven NCAA Division I National Football Championships.159 In addition, it has the best winning percentage of any Division I FBS team since the introduction of the AP Poll in 1936160 and has played in four BCS National Championship Games since 1998.161162

During football season, the Oklahoma Sooners football program contributes significantly to Norman's economy. During game day weekends, Norman sees an influx out of town traffic from all over the country with over 80,000 people routinely attending football games.163 Norman's local businesses, especially areas around campus and Campus Corner, benefit greatly from the game day traffic alone. The program ranks in the top 10 of ESPN's top college football money-makers with home games generating revenues at approximately $59 million and game day operating expenses at about $6.1 million.164

In 1951 and 1994 its baseball team won the NCAA national championship,165 and the women's softball team won the national championship in 2000, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024.166 The men's and women's gymnastics teams have won ten national championships since 2001.167

Other university men's sports include: basketball, cross country, golf, gymnastics, football, Ultimate Frisbee, tennis, track and field, and wrestling.168 The OU Sooners men's hockey team competes in the American College Hockey Association, at the "club" level, but has yet to apply for higher-level play. Due to the lack of a rink in Norman, the team plays at the Blazers Ice Centre in south Oklahoma City. Women's sports include: basketball, cross country, golf, gymnastics, football, Ultimate Frisbee, rowing, soccer, softball, tennis, track and field, and volleyball.169

The Golf Coaches Association of America (GCAA), a non-profit professional association of men's collegiate golf coaches, is located in Norman.170

Parks and recreation

Norman's Parks and Recreation Department facilitates 55 neighborhood and community parks, three recreation centers, a golf course and driving range, three disc golf courses, a complete swim complex with waterslides, a wading pool, 32 tennis courts, and three special services centers (that offer cultural arts and senior citizen activities). Griffin Community Park Sports Complex includes 16 soccer fields, 14 baseball/softball fields, and four football fields.171

Government

A council-manager government has been in place in Norman since the adoption of its city charter on June 28, 1919.172 A councilor from each of the city's eight council wards is elected to office every two years, each serving a two-year term. Councilors are elected from their own respective wards based on a plurality voting system; a councilor from each ward serves on the Norman City Council. A mayor is elected by the entire voting population of Norman and serves as an at-large councilor; the mayor serves a three-year term. As a whole, the council acts as the legislative body of city government; it aims to pass laws, approve the city budget, and manage efficiency in the government. The City Council appoints a professional City Manager who is responsible for the city's day-to-day administrative activities.173174 As of 2024, the City of Norman has over 850 employees working in 11 departments that help oversee and implement the city's policies and services.175 The City Council meets biweekly in City Hall, at 201 W. Gray Street; various boards and commissions meet in accordance with their own schedules.176 The mayor is Larry Heikkila (elected in 2022),177 and the city manager is Darrel Pyle (appointed in 2019).178 In accordance with the charter of the city of Norman, all city elected positions are nonpartisan.179

Municipal and state laws are enforced by the Norman Police Department.180 The police department consists of up to 171 commissioned officers and 71 office employees and is Oklahoma's third-largest police department.181

The city serves as the county seat of Cleveland County.182

Education

Higher education

Colleges and universities

Main article: University of Oklahoma

The University of Oklahoma is the largest university in the state of Oklahoma, with approximately 30,000 students enrolled.183 The university was founded in 1890, prior to Oklahoma statehood.184185 The university includes Norman, Oklahoma City and, Tulsa campuses with the main campus located in Norman.186 In 2007, The Princeton Review named the University of Oklahoma one of its "Best Value" colleges.187 The school is ranked first per capita among public universities in enrollment of National Merit Scholars188 and has seen 28 Rhodes Scholars graduate since the program's inception in 1902.189190191 PC Magazine and the Princeton Review rated it one of the "20 Most Wired Colleges" in both 2006192 and 2008,193 while the Carnegie Foundation classifies it as a research university with "highest research activity."194

The school is well known for its athletic programs, having won many distinctions and awards including seven NCAA Division I National Football Championships.195

CareerTech

The city of Norman is served by the Moore Norman Technology Center. The school was established in 1972 and has been awarded the Oklahoma Association of Technology Center's Gold Star School Award on multiple occasions.196 The Franklin Road Campus consists of six buildings totaling 323,500 sq ft (30,100 m2) of classroom, meeting, and office space.197 The school has a full-time staff of 207.198

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools

Public school districts in Oklahoma are independent of other local governments. Several districts overlap the municipal boundaries of the City of Norman.

Norman Public Schools is the largest district serving Norman;199 there are 15 elementary schools, four middle schools, and two high schools in the district.200 More than 17,000 students are enrolled in the district, making it one of the largest in the state.201

Noble Public Schools is a school district that serves southeastern portions of Norman, the adjoining cities of Noble and Slaughterville, and other parts of Cleveland County.202 It consists of two elementary schools, an intermediate school, a middle school, and a high school.203

Little Axe Public Schools serves the eastern area of Norman.204 It consists of an elementary, junior, and high school.205

Other school districts with territory within the city are McLoud, Mid-Del, Moore, and Robin Hill.206

Private schools

Several private schools also serve the area:

  • All Saints Catholic School (Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City) – pre-kindergarten through 8th grade207
  • Blue Eagle Christian Academy – kindergarten through 10th grade208
  • Community Christian School – kindergarten through 12th grade209
  • Norman Christian Academy – pre-kindergarten through 7th grade210
  • Robinson Street Academy – kindergarten through 12th grade211
  • Rose Rock School – pre-kindergarten through kindergarten212
  • Terra Verde Discovery School – kindergarten through 5th grade213
  • Trinity Lutheran School – pre-kindergarten through 6th grade214
  • Veritas Classical Christian Academy – pre-kindergarten through 12th grade215

Media

See also: List of newspapers in Oklahoma, List of radio stations in Oklahoma, and List of television stations in Oklahoma

The Norman Transcript is the most widely circulated Norman-based newspaper in the city. It is a daily newspaper covering events in Cleveland and McClain counties. It is the oldest continuous business in Norman and was founded shortly after the Land Run of April 1889 on July 13, 1889.216

The Oklahoma Daily is a student-run newspaper at the University of Oklahoma. It was first published in 1897, several years after the university's founding. The paper has received numerous awards for journalism excellence including the Associated Collegiate Press' Pacemaker Award.217

KGOU is a full-service public radio station licensed to the University of Oklahoma. The station serves Norman and the greater Oklahoma City metropolitan area with a news/talk/jazz format, using programs from National Public Radio, Public Radio International, and others.218

Norman TV is a government-access television station airing on Cox Communications cable television channel 20. It broadcasts programming provided by the City of Norman, including video from city council meetings.219

Infrastructure

Transportation

Airports

Scheduled air transport, major commercial air transportation is available at Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, located approximately 20 mi (30 km) northwest of Norman. The airport serves more than 3.78 million passengers per year.220

Norman is served locally by Max Westheimer Airport, a general aviation airport run by the University of Oklahoma.221 The airport is one of only two airports in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area designated as a reliever airport to Will Rogers World Airport. Max Westheimer Airport is capable of handling aircraft up through and including executive class jet aircraft.222

Buses

The Cleveland Area Rapid Transit, operated by the University of Oklahoma, provides bus service throughout the 191 sq mi (490 km2) Norman area.223 CART also provides service to the Social Security Administration offices in Moore, as well as to Oklahoma City's EMBARK transit hub downtown.224 EMBARK maintains a fleet of buses and trolleys serving the greater Oklahoma City area, with a new light-rail system expected to begin operations in 2018. All service to Will Rogers World Airport is not currently available.225

In 2008, CART became the 39th public transportation system in the United States to be featured on Google Transit,226 a website that allows transportation users to electronically plan their travel routes.227 In 2010, CART buses were modified to include a GPS tracking system that allows riders to see the location of buses and their predicted arrival times via the CART and Google websites.228 CART buses transport more than 1.3 million travelers annually.229

Rail

Inter-city passenger train service is available via Amtrak at Norman Depot. Amtrak's Heartland Flyer provides daily round trip service to downtown Oklahoma City and Fort Worth, Texas.

Although Norman currently has no light rail or commuter rail service, there is growing interest in incorporating such services into the city's future transportation plans as part of the Oklahoma City metro area's regional transit system.230

Roads and highways

The predominant form of transportation in Norman is roads and highways with 80.0% of all residents driving alone to work, 9.0% carpooling, and just 1.3% taking public transportation.231 As of 2007, Interstate 35 alone was handling over 99,000 vehicles per day.232 Other major highways include SH 9, a portion of which serves 28,000 vehicles per day, and US 77, which serves more than 25,000 vehicles per day.233

Norman is served by two major federal highways:234

Norman is served by two major Oklahoma state highways:235

Utilities

Electric utility companies servicing Norman include Oklahoma Gas & Electric, which is headquartered in Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma Electric Cooperative (a utility cooperative).236 Natural gas is provided by Oklahoma Natural Gas.237 The city's Utility Department offers water, wastewater, and recycling services to parts of the city as well as solid waste pickup citywide.238239

Drinking water quality

In 2010, drinking water in Normal was identified as levels of hexavalent chromium 3 and 6 near the higher end of the acceptable EPA limit.240 The Garber-Wellington Aquifer, which is known to have elevated levels of heavy metals, was identified as a possible source.241 Norman's water supply has also been noted for excessive levels of arsenic.242 The city responded by building new wells and removing old ones.243

Healthcare

Norman Regional Health System is a multi-campus system that provides medical services in Norman and throughout south central Oklahoma.244 Its Porter Avenue campus, located north of downtown Norman, is a 337-bed general hospital providing a wide range of services including acute care.245 In October 2009, the Norman Regional HealthPlex campus opened in west Norman.246 It provides a 152-bed facility specializing in cardiology, cardiovascular services, as well as women's and children's services.247248

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Norman, Oklahoma

Twin towns – sister cities

In accordance with Sister Cities International, an organization that began under President Dwight Eisenhower in 1956, Norman has been given four international sister cities in an attempt to foster cross-cultural understanding:249

See also

  • Oklahoma portal

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Norman, Oklahoma. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Norman, Oklahoma.

References

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