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Solar System model
Illustrates relative position of Sun and planets

Solar System models, especially mechanical models, called orreries, that illustrate the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons in the Solar System have been built for centuries. While they often showed relative sizes, these models were usually not built to scale. The enormous ratio of interplanetary distances to planetary diameters makes constructing a scale model of the Solar System a challenging task. As one example of the difficulty, the distance between the Earth and the Sun is almost 12,000 times the diameter of the Earth.

If the smaller planets are to be easily visible to the naked eye, large outdoor spaces are generally necessary, as is some means for highlighting objects that might otherwise not be noticed from a distance. The Boston Museum of Science had placed bronze models of the planets in major public buildings, all on similar stands with interpretive labels. For example, the model of Jupiter was located in the cavernous South Station waiting area. The properly-scaled, basket-ball-sized model is 1.3 miles (2.14 km) from the model Sun which is located at the museum, graphically illustrating the immense empty space in the Solar System.

The objects in such large models do not move. Traditional orreries often did move, and some used clockworks to display the relative speeds of objects accurately. These can be thought of as being correctly scaled in time, instead of distance.

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Permanent true scale models

Many towns and institutions have built outdoor scale models of the Solar System. Here is a table comparing these models with the actual system.

NameLocationScale:1 : …Sun dia.Earth dia.Sun–EarthSun–PlutoDescription
Actual Solar System11.392 Gm12.76 Mm149.6 Gm5.914 Tm
Sweden Solar System2 Stockholm, Sweden20,000,00071 m65 cm7,600 m300 kmpermanent; country-wide (begun 1998)
Solar System Drive34 Coonabarabran, Australia38,000,00037 m34 cm4,100 m205 kmpermanent; drivable; non-geodetic (est. 1997)
Space for MUCO project5

Brussells, Belgium

40,000,00034.8 m32 cm3,730 m147 kmpermanent; country wide; non-scale sculptures (est. 2004)
Maine Solar System67 Presque Isle, Maine93,000,00015 m13.7 cm1,600 m64 kmpermanent; drivable (est.2003)
Mont Megantic Dark Sky Reserve Great Solar System Parc national du Mont-Mégantic, Canada100,000,00014 m12.4 cm1,450 m57 kmpermanent; drivable (est.2018)
Otago Central Interplanetary Cycle Trail8910 Otago Central Rail Trail, New Zealand100,000,00013.91 m12 cm1,496 m59.06 kmpermanent; cyclable (est.2017)
Riverfront Museum Solar System11121314 Peoria, Illinois99,000,00011 m10.0 cm1,200 m47 kmpermanent; drivable (est. 1992?)
Vienna Solar System Vienna, Austria163,764,7068.5 m7.78 cm913 m36 kmunder construction since 2018. Physical + Augmented Reality
Planet Lofoten15 Lofoten, Norway200,000,0007 m6.4 cm750m30 kmunder construction
Planet Trek Dane County Madison, Wisconsin200,000,0007 m6.6 cm777 m38.3 kmpermanent; fully accessible by foot and bike paths (est. 2009)
Sunspot Solar System Model16171819 Sunspot, New Mexico250,000,0005.6 m5.1 cm1.5 m23.6 kmpermanent, drivable
Lethbridge Solar System Model Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada254,000,0005.5 m5 cm500 m14.7 km (Neptune)permanent, drivable, walkable (est. 2022)
El Sistema Solar de la comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo Ciudad Rodrigo, Spain290,000,0004.8 m4.4 cm1.2 m25 kmpermanent, Walk & Drive
If the Earth were a Ping-Pong ball Westminster, London318,905,0004.36 m4 cm??In construction; Walk & Drive (est. 2018) Centered around Deans Yard, Westminster
Moab Scale Model of the Solar System20 Moab, Utah385,937,6773.6 m2.4 cm?15.3 kmpermanent; Walk and Drive (est. 2007)
Light Speed Planet Walk21 Anchorage, Alaska390,000,000???16.6 kmpermanent; drivable (est. 2005)
Community Solar System Trail2223 Boston, Massachusetts400,000,0003.5 m3.2 cm380 m15.3 kmpermanent; drivable (established in 1997, removed in 2015)
The Solar System to Scale Estremoz, Portugal414,000,0003.4 m3.1 cm361 m14.3 kmpermanent; drivable; bikeable
Solar System Stroll24 Bratislava, Slovakia464,000,0003 m2.7 cm322 m13 kmpermanent; bikeable, drivable; under construction since 2024
Somerset Space Walk Bridgwater Canal, Somerset UK530,000,0002.5 m??11 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1997)
York’s Solar System model York, England575,872,2392.4 m2.2 cm260 m10.3 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1999)
Traverse Bay Community Solar System25 Traverse City, Michigan592,763,3560.9 m?209 m10.0 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 2004)
Michigan Solar System Model26 Coleman, Michigan608,000,0002.3 m2.1 cm324 m9.8 kmpermanent; bike trail Sun and Pls. Spheres (2017)
Solar System Opava, Czech Republic627,000,0002.2 m2.0 cm239 m9.42 kmpermanent; bikeable; walkable; drivable (est. 2006)
Nine Views Zagreb, Croatia680,000,0002.0 m1.9 cm225 m8.7 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 2004)
Walk the Solar System Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada682,353,0002.0 m1.9 cm219 m8.6 kmunder construction
McCarthy Observatory27 New Milford, Connecticut761,155,0001.8 m1.7 cm195 m7.1 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 2009)
Planet Walk28 Glen Burnie, Maryland.781,000,000??191.5 m7.56 kmWalkable, bikeable (est. 2008). Part of the permanent Baltimore & Annapolis Trail.
Trilho do Sistema Solar Paredes de Coura, Portugal831,000,0001.675 m1.533 cm180 m5.42 km (Neptune)permanent; walkable; bikeable (est. 2016)
Planetenpad Utrecht Utrecht, The Netherlands1,000,000,0001.3 m1.3 cm150 m7.4 km (Neptune)Leads from Centre Utrecht to Rhijnauwen, on foot, on bike or on kayak
Model of the Solar System Helsinki, Finland1,000,000,0001.4 m1.2 cm149.6 m6.1 kmpermanent; bikeable
Planetenmodell Hagen Hagen, Germany1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1959)
Planetenweg Schwarzbach Kriftel, Germany1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1998)
Uetliberg Planetenweg Zürich, Switzerland1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable
Planetenwanderweg Ehrenfriedersdorf, Germany1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable
Planetary Trail Hradec Králové, Czech Republic1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 2005)
Planetary Trail Prague, Czech Republic1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m13 km (Sedna as discovered)5.9 km (Pluto)permanent; bike & walk; all objects above 1000km; (est. 13.5.2018)
Melbourne Solar System2930 Melbourne, Australia1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 km (Pluto) 40 140 km (Proxima Centauri)permanent; bikeable (est. 2008) Proxima Centauri scale distance calculated travelling Melbourne to Melbourne via the Poles.31
Scale Model Solar System32 Eugene, Oregon1,000,000,0001.4 m1.2 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1997)
Planetstien, Sandnes Sandnes, Norway1,000,000,0001.4 m1.2 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; walkable, bikeable (est. 2010)
Planetstien, Lemvig Lemvig, Denmark1,000,000,0001.4 m1.2 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; walkable
Grand Trunk Pathway Solar System Model Terrace, British Columbia1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m6 kmpermanent; walkable/bikeable (est. 2018)
Planet Walk Munich, Germany1,290,000,0001.1 m1.0 cm116 m4.6 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 1995)
Strolling at the speed of light La Malbaie, Quebec, Canada1,500,000,0000.9 m0.8 cm100 m3 km (Neptune)permanent; walkable (est. 2009) (temp?)
State of the Solar System333435 Bellingham, Washington1,826,770,0000.762 m0.6858 cm82 m?permanent; walkable (est. 2016)
Meteoria Söderfjärden Vaasa, Finland2,000,000,0000.7 m???permanent; walkable
Planetenweg Göttingen Göttingen, Germany2,000,000,0000.70 m0.65 cm75 m3.2 kmpermanent; walkable/bikeable (est. 2013)
Solar System Walking Tour363738 Gainesville, Georgia2,000,000,0000.7 m0.6 cm75 m2.9 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2000)
Rymdpromenaden ("Spacewalk") Gothenburg, Sweden2,000,000,0000.7 m0.6 cm75 m3 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 1978)
Montshire Museum of Science39 Norwich, Vermont2,200,000,0000.6 m0.6 cm68 m2.7 kmpermanent; walkable
Ride to Pluto: Boise's Solar System40 Boise Greenbelt, Boise, Idaho2,200,000,0000.5 m??2.4 kmpermanent; walkable & bikeable
The Solar walk4142 Longview, Washington2,240,000,0000.6 m0.6 cm56.94 m2.7 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2001)
Akaa Solar System Scale Model Akaa, Finland3,000,000,0000.46 m0.4 cm49.9 m1.958 km (Pluto) 13 370 km (Proxima Centauri)permanent; walkable (est. 2017), Proxima Centauri in Yulara, Australia
Elmhurst Scale Model of the Solar System4344 Elmhurst, Illinois3,044,620,0000.5 m0.4 cm49.1 m1.929 kmpermanent; walk & drive (est. 2013)
Solar System model group of sculptures Kecskemét, Hungary3,300,000,0000.418 m0.4 cm45 m1.8 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2002)
Milky Way path Westerbork, The Netherlands3,700,000,000???2.5 kmpermanent; walkable
Solar Walk Gainesville, Florida4,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm37.4 m1.5 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2002)
Otford Solar System Model 45 Otford, England4,595,700,0000.3 m0.3 cm32 m900 mpermanent; walkable; Includes: Proxima Centauri in Los Angeles, USA; Barnard’s Star in Port Stanley, Falkland Islands; Sirius in Sydney, Australia; and Ross 154 in Christchurch, New Zealand
Wooster Planet Walk Wooster, Ohio5,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm30 m1.2 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2014)
The Sagan Planet Walk Ithaca, New York5,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm30 m1.2 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 1997)
Delmar Loop Planet Walk University City, Missouri5,000,000,0000.3 m0.2 cm30 m870 m (Neptune)permanent; walkable (est. 2009)
The Solar Walk Cleveland, Ohio5,280,000,0000.3 m0.2 cm28.4 m1.1 kmpermanent; walkable
Solar System Walk

An Exploration of Scale

 Carlsbad, California5,280,000,000??28 m1.119 kmLocated near Lake Calavera
O Sistema Solar no Parque46 Natal, Brazil7,000,000,0000.2 m1.8 mm22 m875 mpermanent; walkable/bikeable (est. June 3rd, 2016)
A True Scale Model of the Solar System4748 Cookeville, Tennessee10,000,000,0000.14 m0.12 cm15 m590 mpermanent; walkable (est. 2017)
Voyage National Program [1]

National Mall, Washington, D.C. (2001) Kansas City, Missouri (2008)Space Center Houston, Texas (2008) Corpus Christi, Texas (2009)Boulder, Colorado (2021) Palo Alto, California (2022)4950 Broken Arrow, Oklahoma (2022) Ocala, Florida (2022) Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana (2022) Dover, New Hampshire (2023) Spokane, Washington (2022) Memphis, Tennessee (2023) Chalmette, Louisiana (2023) Jonesboro, Arkansas (2023) Troy, New York (2024)

10,000,000,0000.1 m0.1 cm15 m600 mpermanent; walkable; US national program
Lake Innitou Thousand Yard Interplanetary Walk Woburn, Massachusetts10,000,000,0000.23 m (bowling ball)N/A (stone plaque)24 m932 m (1019 yd)permanent; walkable (est. 2004); along the sidewalk by Horn Pond.
NJ Botanical Garden Ringwood, New Jersey10,000,000,0000.2 m2.0 cm23.8 m927 mwalkable
Colorado Scale Model Solar System Fiske Planetarium, Boulder, Colorado10,000,000,0000.1 m0.1 cm15 m600 mpermanent; walkable (est. 1987)
Anstruther Model Solar System Anstruther, Scotland10,000,000,0000.1 m0.1 cm15 m600 mpermanent; walkable (est. 2014)
Le Chemin Solaire La Couyère, Brittany10,000,000,0001 m0.1 cm?450 mpermanent; walkable (est. 2011)
Solar Walk UofT Scarborough Toronto, Ontario and Eureka, Nunavut10,000,000,0000.14 m0.13 cm15 m591 mpermanent; walkable/bikeable (est. 2017)
MIT's Infinite Solar System515253 Cambridge, Massachusetts30,000,000,0004.6 cm0.43 mm5.0 m200 mpermanent; walkable (est. 2018); along "Infinite Corridor"
Solar System Lawn Model54 Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, California105,000,000,0001.32 cm0.12 mm1.42 m56 mpermanent; walkable; engraved in the front sidewalk

Other models of the Solar System: historic, temporary, virtual, or dual-scale

NameLocationScaleSun dia.Earth dia.Sun-EarthSun-PlutoDescription
Kirkhill model 177655 Scotland1:778,268,620.81.8 m1.6 cm197 m-decayed
Planetenpad Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands1:1,000,000,0001.3 m1.3 cm150 m7.4 km (Neptune)Leads from Centre Utrecht to Rhijnauwen, on foot, on bike or by kayak
Planet Walk Malta[1] Buġibba, Malta1:2,956,760,000 (distance) / 695,000,000 (sizes)2.0 m1.84 cm50.60 m2.0 km (Neptune)Leads from Malta Aquarium west along promenade
Sorghvliet The Hague, Netherlands1:696,000,0002.0 m1.8 cm215 m6.5 km (Neptune)(temporary)
Sol Chicago5657 Illinois, Chicago1:73,660,00019 m17.3 cm2,050 m61 km (Neptune)(temporary) proposed
Le Chemin des planètes Saint-Luc, Switzerland1:1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmuses two different scales for distance and size
The Madison Planet Stroll58 Madison, Wisconsin1:4,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm37 m1.5 km(virtual)
Solar System Stroll Perth, Western Australia1:5,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm30 m1.2 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2016)
The Thousand-Yard Model5960(virtual)1:6,336,000,0000.2 m0.2 cm25 m1 kmThe scale of the planets is the same as the scale between them, and the planets are represented by everyday objects; the Earth is a peppercorn, Jupiter is a walnut, and Neptune is a coffee bean.
(dismantled) Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!, Quebec1:10,000,000,0000.1 m0.1 cm15 m0.6 km(dismantled) (est. 1985)
Lafayette Walk Detroit, Michigan1:6,336,000,00023 cm0.2 cm25 m983 mA walking demonstration of (un)imaginable distances. "It's nowhere near Graham's Number."
Planets on the Path Chicago, Illinois1:2,195,000,000457 m13.5 miles(2015, temporary)
The Solar System, to scale, for a school yardPDF for printing1:11,945,400,00011.6 cm0.1 cm12.5 m492 mPDFs, A4 and 8½″×11″, to be printed, affixed to cards which are affixed to sticks; then to be held by children standing in a school yard. Includes major moons and asteroids.
Naas Virtual Solar System Naas, County Kildare1 : 154,557,3309 m82 mm968 m29 km (Neptune)In Ireland, this instantly recognisable roadside spherical sculpture is well known, and is used as the model for the Sun. The website61 maps out the planetary orbits and shows everyday objects to scale the planets (e.g. a golf ball for Mars)
Saskatoon Solar WalkSaskatoon, Saskatchewan1 : 1,275,600,000109 cm1 cm110 m4,500 mPersonal and public art installation.
Eise Eisinga Visvliet 62 Visvliet, The Netherlands1: 870,000,000160 cm1.5 cm172 mn/aPermanent installation honouring Eise Eisinga, the creator of the world famous Planetarium in Franeker, who lived in Visviet in 1700. As the original Planetarium only includes the planets up to Saturn, so does this one.

Several sets of geocaching caches have been laid out as Solar System models.

See also

  • Outer space portal
  • Solar System portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solar System models.

References

  1. "Boston Community Solar System" at Waymarking.com. https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM7R8M_Boston_Community_Solar_System_Sun_Boston_MA ↩

  2. "Sweden Solar System |" (in Swedish). Retrieved 2022-09-15. https://www.swedensolarsystem.se/ ↩

  3. "Worlds Largest Virtual Solar System Drive". www.visitnsw.com. Retrieved 2022-09-15. https://www.visitnsw.com/destinations/country-nsw/warrumbungle-area/coonabarabran/attractions/worlds-largest-virtual-solar-system-drive ↩

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  6. Bayly, Julia (2021-08-18). "Here's how you can visit the solar system in Maine, no rocket ship required". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 2022-09-15. http://www.bangordailynews.com/2021/08/18/homestead/heres-how-you-can-visit-the-solar-system-in-maine-no-rocket-ship-required/ ↩

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  8. Jones, Pam (2017-03-16). "Solar system to scale on Rail Trail". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 2022-09-15. https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/central-otago/solar-system-scale-rail-trail ↩

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