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Guenon
Genus of Old World monkeys

The guenons are Old World monkeys of the genus Cercopithecus (/ˌsɜːrkəˈpɪθəkəs/). Not all members of this genus have the word "guenon" in their common names; also, because of changes in scientific classification, some monkeys in other genera may have common names that include the word "guenon". Nonetheless, the use of the term guenon for monkeys of this genus is widely accepted.

All members of the genus are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, and most are forest monkeys. Many of the species are quite local in their ranges, and some have even more local subspecies. Many are threatened or endangered because of habitat loss. The species currently placed in the genus Chlorocebus, such as vervet monkeys and green monkeys, were formerly considered as a single species in this genus, Cercopithecus aethiops.

In the English language, the word "guenon" is apparently of French origin. In French, guenon was the common name for all species and individuals, both males and females, from the genus Cercopithecus. In all other monkey and apes species, the French word guenon designates only the females. The three species such as the L'hoest's monkey, Preuss's monkey and the sun-tailed monkey were formerly included in the genus and now listed in a different genus Allochrocebus

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Classification

The genus Cercopithecus, derived from the Ancient Greek terms κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”) and πίθηκος (píthēkos, "ape"), was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Species list

Genus Cercopithecus – Linnaeus, 1758 – nineteen species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Blue monkeyC. mitis Wolf, 1822Sixteen subspecies
  • C. m. albogularis (Sykes' monkey)
  • C. m. albotorquatus
  • C. m. boutourlinii (Boutourlini's blue monkey)
  • C. m. doggetti (silver monkey)
  • C. m. erythrarchus
  • C. m. heymansi (Lomami River blue monkey)
  • C. m. kandti (golden monkey)
  • C. m. kolbi
  • C. m. labiatus
  • C. m. manyaraensis
  • C. m. mitis (Pluto monkey)
  • C. m. moloneyi
  • C. m. monoides
  • C. m. opisthostictus
  • C. m. stuhlmanni (Stuhlmann's blue monkey)
  • C. m. zammaranoi
Sub-Saharan AfricaSize: 31–70 cm (12–28 in) long, plus 55–109 cm (22–43 in) tail6Habitat: Forest7Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as invertebrates8 LC 

Unknown 9

Campbell's mona monkeyC. campbelli Waterhouse, 1838Western AfricaSize: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 49–85 cm (19–33 in) tail10Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland11Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds and grains, as well as birds, bird eggs, small reptiles, and insects12 NT 

Unknown 13

Crested mona monkeyC. pogonias Bennett, 1833Three subspecies
  • C. p. grayi (Gray's crested mona)
  • C. p. nigripes (Black-footed crested mona)
  • C. p. pogonias (Golden-bellied crested mona)
Central AfricaSize: 34–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 48–87 cm (19–34 in) tail14Habitat: Forest15Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as leaves, flowers and insects16 NT 

Unknown 17

De Brazza's monkeyC. neglectus Schlegel, 1876Central AfricaSize: 39–60 cm (15–24 in) long, plus 47–79 cm (19–31 in) tail18Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest19Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, mushrooms, beetles, termites, and worms20 LC 

Unknown 21

Dent's mona monkeyC. denti Thomas, 1907Central AfricaSize: 40–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 70–90 cm (28–35 in) tail22Habitat: Forest23Diet: Fruit and arthropods, as well as flowers, caterpillars, shoots, and leaves24 LC 

Unknown 25

Diana monkeyC. diana (Linnaeus, 1758)Western AfricaSize: 40–55 cm (16–22 in) long, plus 50–75 cm (20–30 in) tail26Habitat: Forest27Diet: Fruit, flowers, leaves, insects, and other invertebrates28 EN 

Unknown 29

Greater spot-nosed monkeyC. nictitans (Linnaeus, 1766)Five subspecies
  • C. n. insolitus
  • C. n. ludio
  • C. n. martini
  • C. n. nictitans
  • C. n. stampflii
Western AfricaSize: 40–57 cm (16–22 in) long, plus 56–100 cm (22–39 in) tail30Habitat: Forest31Diet: Fruits and seeds, as well as leaves and insects32 NT 

Unknown 33

Hamlyn's monkeyC. hamlyni Pocock, 1907Two subspecies
  • C. h. hamlyni
  • C. h. kahuziensis
Central AfricaSize: 43–63 cm (17–25 in) long, plus 49–63 cm (19–25 in) tail34Habitat: Forest35Diet: Shoots, leaves, plants, and herbs, as well as fruit and seeds36 VU 

Unknown 37

Lesser spot-nosed monkeyC. petaurista (Schreber, 1774)Two subspecies
  • C. p. buettikoferi
  • C. p. petaurista
Western AfricaSize: 29–53 cm (11–21 in) long, plus 57–78 cm (22–31 in) tail38Habitat: Forest39Diet: Fruit as well as insects40 NT 

Unknown 41

LesulaC. lomamiensis Hart et al., 2012Central AfricaSize: 40–65 cm (16–26 in) long, plus 40–65 cm (16–26 in) tail42Habitat: Forest43Diet: Leaves, fruits and flowers44 VU 

Unknown 45

Lowe's mona monkeyC. lowei Thomas, 1923Western Africa (in green)Size: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 54–85 cm (21–33 in) tail46Habitat: Forest and savanna47Diet: Fruit and insects48 VU 

10,000 49

Mona monkeyC. mona (Schreber, 1774)Western AfricaSize: 32–53 cm (13–21 in) long, plus 67–90 cm (26–35 in) tail50Habitat: Forest51Diet: Fruit, sprouts, leaves, and invertebrates52 NT 

Unknown 53

Moustached guenonC. cephus (Linnaeus, 1758)Three subspecies
  • C. c. cephodes
  • C. c. cephus
  • C. c. ngottoensis
Western AfricaSize: 44–60 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 66–99 cm (26–39 in) tail54Habitat: Forest55Diet: Fruit, as well as seeds, leaves, insects, and eggs56 LC 

Unknown 57

Red-eared guenonC. erythrotis Waterhouse, 1838Two subspecies
  • C. e. camerunensis (Cameroon Red-eared Monkey)
  • C. e. erythrotis (Bioko Red-eared Monkey)
Western AfricaSize: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 46–77 cm (18–30 in) tail58Habitat: Forest59Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, shoots and arthropods60 VU 

Unknown 61

Red-tailed monkeyC. ascanius (Audebert, 1799)Five subspecies
  • C. a. ascanius
  • C. a. atrinasus
  • C. a. katangae
  • C. a. schmidti
  • C. a. whitesidei
Central AfricaSize: 34–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 67–92 cm (26–36 in) tail62Habitat: Forest63Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, insects, flowers, buds, and tree gum64 LC 

Unknown 65

Roloway monkeyC. roloway (Schreber, 1774)Western AfricaSize: 44–62 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 70–91 cm (28–36 in) tail66Habitat: Forest67Diet: Insects, as well as seeds, fruit, and leaves68 CR 

Unknown 69

Sclater's guenonC. sclateri Pocock, 1904Western AfricaSize: 32–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 61–85 cm (24–33 in) tail70Habitat: Forest71Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, flowers and leaves72 EN 

Unknown 73

White-throated guenonC. erythrogaster Gray, 1866Two subspecies
  • C. e. erythrogaster (Red-bellied guenon)
  • C. e. pococki (Nigerian white-throated guenon)
Western AfricaSize: 38–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 58–70 cm (23–28 in) tail74Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands75Diet: Fruit76 EN 

Unknown 77

Wolf's mona monkeyC. wolfi Meyer, 1891Three subspecies
  • C. w. elegans
  • C. w. pyrogaster
  • C. w. wolfi
Central AfricaSize: 44–52 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 69–83 cm (27–33 in) tail78Habitat: Forest79Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds, and flowers80 NT 

Unknown 81

Hybrids

The red-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) is known to hybridize with the blue monkey (C. mitis) in several locations in the wild in Africa.82

Sources

  • Kingdon, Jonathan (2015). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals (Second ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4729-2531-2.
Wikispecies has information related to Guenon.

References

  1. guenon /gəˈnoʊn/ n. M19. [Fr., of uncertain origin.] (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, Clarendon Press, Oxford, Vol. 1 A-M, 1993 edition, see page 1,157) ↩

  2. guenon [gənɔ̃] n. f. - 1505; o. i.; p.-ê même rad. que guenille 1. vx Cercopithèque, mâle ou femelle. 2. MOD. Singe femelle. [...] (Le Petit Robert, grand format, Dictionnaires Le Robert, Paris, first edition: 1967, Nouveau Petit Robert edition: 1993, grand format edition: 1996, ISBN 2-85036-469-X, see page 1,056) /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  3. Groves, C. P. (2005). "GENUS Cercopithecus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 154–158. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494. 978-0-8018-8221-0 ↩

  4. "Allochrocebus". ITIS. Retrieved 2019-07-18. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt ↩

  5. "Allochrocebus". Mammal Diversity Database. Retrieved 2019-07-18. https://mammaldiversity.org/#YWxsb2Nocm9jZWJ1cysmZ2xvYmFsX3NlYXJjaD10cnVlJmxvb3NlPXRydWU ↩

  6. Kingdon 2015, p. 175 - Kingdon, Jonathan (2015). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals (Second ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4729-2531-2. ↩

  7. Butynski, T. M.; de Jong, Y. A. (2021) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Cercopithecus mitis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4221A196007901. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4221A196007901.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4221/196007901 ↩

  8. Strawder, Nicole (2001). "Cercopithecus mitis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cercopithecus_mitis/ ↩

  9. Butynski, T. M.; de Jong, Y. A. (2021) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Cercopithecus mitis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4221A196007901. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4221A196007901.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4221/196007901 ↩

  10. Leinberger, Kaitlynn (2022). "Cercopithecus campbelli". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cercopithecus_campbelli/ ↩

  11. Matsuda Goodwin, R.; Gonedelé Bi, S.; Koné, I. (2020). "Cercopithecus campbelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136930A92374066. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136930A92374066.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136930/92374066 ↩

  12. Leinberger, Kaitlynn (2022). "Cercopithecus campbelli". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cercopithecus_campbelli/ ↩

  13. Matsuda Goodwin, R.; Gonedelé Bi, S.; Koné, I. (2020). "Cercopithecus campbelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136930A92374066. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136930A92374066.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136930/92374066 ↩

  14. Kingdon 2015, p. 168 - Kingdon, Jonathan (2015). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals (Second ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4729-2531-2. ↩

  15. Maisels, F.; Cronin, D. T.; Hart, J.; Etiendem, D.; Oates, J. F.; Butynski, T. M.; Linder, J. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Cercopithecus pogonias". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T92411527A197301301. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T92411527A197301301.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/92411527/197301301 ↩

  16. Maisels, F.; Cronin, D. T.; Hart, J.; Etiendem, D.; Oates, J. F.; Butynski, T. M.; Linder, J. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Cercopithecus pogonias". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T92411527A197301301. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T92411527A197301301.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/92411527/197301301 ↩

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  19. Mwenja, I.; Maisels, F.; Hart, J. A. (2019). "Cercopithecus neglectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4223A17947167. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4223A17947167.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4223/17947167 ↩

  20. Stein, Joshua (2002). "Cercopithecus neglectus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 26, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cercopithecus_neglectus/ ↩

  21. Mwenja, I.; Maisels, F.; Hart, J. A. (2019). "Cercopithecus neglectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4223A17947167. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4223A17947167.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4223/17947167 ↩

  22. Kingdon 2015, p. 166 - Kingdon, Jonathan (2015). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals (Second ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4729-2531-2. ↩

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