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Celtic F.C.
Association football club in Glasgow, Scotland

The Celtic Football Club, based in Glasgow, Scotland, competes in the Scottish Premiership and is one of the most successful clubs in European football, having won over 100 major trophies. Founded in 1887 to support the Irish–Scots community, Celtic made history by winning the 1967 European Cup, becoming the first British team to do so. The club boasts a record 55 Scottish league championships, most recently in the 2024–25 season, and has a passionate global fanbase. Celtic’s fierce rivalry with Rangers, known as the Old Firm, produces some of the world’s biggest football derbies, highlighting the club’s enduring prominence in Scottish and European football.

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History

Main articles: History of Celtic F.C. (1887–1994) and (1994–present)

Celtic Football Club was formally constituted at a meeting in St. Mary's church hall in East Rose Street (now Forbes Street), Calton, Glasgow, by Irish Marist Brother Walfrid6 on 6 November 1887, with the purpose of alleviating poverty in the East End of Glasgow by raising money for the charity Walfrid had instituted, the Poor Children's Dinner Table.7 Walfrid's move to establish the club as a means of fund-raising was largely inspired by the example of Hibernian, which was formed out of the immigrant Irish population a few years earlier in Edinburgh.8 Walfrid's own suggestion of the name Celtic (pronounced Seltik) was intended to reflect the club's Irish and Scottish roots and was adopted at the same meeting.910 The club has the official nickname, The Bhoys. However, according to the Celtic press office, the newly established club was known to many as "the bold boys". A postcard from the early 20th century that pictured the team and read "The Bould Bhoys" is the first known example of the unique spelling. The extra h imitates the spelling system of Gaelic, wherein the letter b is often accompanied by the letter h.11

On 28 May 1888, Celtic played their first official match against Rangers and won 5–2 in what was described as a "friendly encounter".12 Neil McCallum scored Celtic's first goal.13 Celtic's first kit consisted of a white shirt with a green collar, black shorts, and emerald green socks.14 The original club crest was a simple green cross on a red oval background.15 In 1889 Celtic reached the final of the Scottish Cup in their first season taking part in the competition, but lost 2–1 to Third Lanark.16 Celtic reached the final again in 1892 and this time were victorious after defeating Queen's Park 5–1, the club's first major honour.17 Several months later the club moved to its new ground, Celtic Park, and in the following season won the Scottish League Championship for the first time.18 In 1895, Celtic set the League record for the highest home score when they beat Dundee 11–0.19

In 1897, the club became a private limited company20 and Willie Maley was appointed as the first "secretary-manager".21 Between 1905 and 1910, Celtic won the Scottish League Championship six times in a row.2223 They also won the Scottish Cup in both 1907 and 1908, the first times a Scottish club had ever won the double.2425 During World War I, Celtic won the league four times in a row, including 62 matches unbeaten between November 1915 and April 1917.2627 The mid-1920s saw the emergence of Jimmy McGrory as one of the most prolific goalscorers in British football history; over a sixteen-year playing career, he scored 550 goals in 547 games (including 16 goals for Clydebank during a season on loan in 1923–24), a British goal-scoring record to this day.2829 In January 1940, Willie Maley's retirement was announced. He was 71 years old and had served the club in varying roles for nearly 52 years, initially as a player and then as secretary-manager.3031 Jimmy McStay became manager of the club in February 1940.32 He spent over five years in this role, although due to the Second World War no official competitive league football took place during this time. The Scottish Football League and Scottish Cup were suspended and in their place regional league competitions were set up.3334 Celtic did not do particularly well during the war years, but did win the Victory in Europe Cup held in May 1945 as a one-off football match to celebrate Victory in Europe Day.35

Ex-player and captain Jimmy McGrory took over as manager in 1945.36 Under McGrory, Celtic defeated Arsenal, Manchester United and Hibernian to win the Coronation Cup, a one-off tournament held in May 1953 to commemorate the coronation of Elizabeth II.37 He also led them to a League and Cup double in 1954.38 On 19 October 1957, Celtic defeated Rangers in the final of the Scottish League Cup at Hampden Park in Glasgow, retaining the trophy they had won for the first time the previous year; the 7–1 scoreline remains a record win in a British domestic cup final.3940 The years that followed, however, saw Celtic struggle and the club won no more trophies under McGrory.41

Former Celtic captain Jock Stein succeeded McGrory in 1965.42 He won the Scottish Cup in his first few months at the club,43 and then led them to the League title the following season.44

1967 was Celtic's annus mirabilis. The club won every competition they entered: the Scottish League, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup, the Glasgow Cup, and the European Cup.4546 With this haul, Celtic became the first club to win the European Treble and remains the only club to win the fabled Quadruple.4748 Under the leadership of Stein, the club defeated Inter Milan 2–1 at the Estádio Nacional in Lisbon, on 25 May 1967 to become the first British team,4950 and indeed the first from outside Spain, Portugal and Italy to win the European Cup. They remain the only Scottish team to have reached the final. The players that day, all of whom were born within 30 miles of Glasgow, subsequently became known as the "Lisbon Lions".51 The following season Celtic lost to Racing Club of Argentina in the Intercontinental Cup.52

Celtic reached the European Cup Final again in 1970, but were beaten 2–1 by Feyenoord at the San Siro in Milan.53 The club continued to dominate Scottish football in the early 1970s, and their Scottish Championship win in 1974 was their ninth consecutive league title, equalling the joint world record held at the time by MTK Budapest and CSKA Sofia.54

Celtic enjoyed further domestic success in the 1980s, and in their Centenary season of 1987–88 won a Scottish Premier Division and Scottish Cup double.55

The club endured a slump in the early 1990s, culminating in the Bank of Scotland informing directors on 3 March 1994 that it was calling in the receivers as a result of the club exceeding a £5 million overdraft.56 However, expatriate businessman Fergus McCann wrested control of the club, and ousted the family dynasties which had controlled Celtic since its foundation. According to media reports, McCann took over the club minutes before it was to be declared bankrupt.57 McCann reconstituted the club business as a public limited company – Celtic PLC – and oversaw the redevelopment of Celtic Park into a 60,832 all-seater stadium. In 1998 Celtic won the title again under Dutchman Wim Jansen and prevented Rangers from beating their nine-in-a-row record.58

Martin O'Neill took charge of the club in June 2000.59 Under his leadership, Celtic won three SPL championships out of five (losing the others by very small margins)60 and in his first season in charge the club also won the domestic treble,61 making O'Neill only the second Celtic manager to do so after Jock Stein.62 In 2003, around 80,000 Celtic fans travelled to watch the club compete in the UEFA Cup Final in Seville.6364 Celtic lost 3–2 to Porto after extra time, despite two goals from Henrik Larsson during normal time.65 The conduct of the thousands of travelling Celtic supporters received widespread praise from the people of Seville and the fans were awarded Fair Play Awards from both FIFA and UEFA "for their extraordinarily loyal and sporting behaviour".6667

Gordon Strachan was announced as O'Neill's replacement in June 2005 and after winning the SPL title in his first year in charge,68 he became only the third Celtic manager to win three titles in a row. He also guided Celtic to their first UEFA Champions League knockout stage in 2006–0769 and repeated the feat in 2007–0870 before departing the club in May 2009, after failing to win the SPL title.71 Tony Mowbray took charge of the club in June 2009,72 and he was succeeded a year later by Neil Lennon.73 In November 2010, Celtic set an SPL record for the biggest win in SPL history, defeating Aberdeen 9–0 at Celtic Park.74

Celtic celebrated their 125th anniversary in November 2012, the same week as a Champions League match against Barcelona.75 They won 2–1 on the night to complete a memorable week,76 and eventually qualified from the group stages for the round of 16.77 Celtic finished the season with the SPL and Scottish Cup double.78 The club clinched their third consecutive league title in March 2014,79 with goalkeeper Fraser Forster setting a new record during the campaign of 1,256 minutes without conceding a goal in a league match.80 At the end of the season, manager Neil Lennon announced his departure from the club after four years in the role.81

Norwegian Ronny Deila was appointed manager of Celtic on 6 June 2014.8283 He went on to lead the team to two consecutive league titles and a League Cup, but the team's performances in European competition were poor. After being eliminated from the Scottish Cup by Rangers in April 2016, Deila announced he would leave the club at the end of the season.8485

On 20 May 2016, Brendan Rodgers was announced as Deila's successor.8687 His first season saw the team go on a long unbeaten run in domestic competitions, during which time the club won their 100th major trophy, defeating Aberdeen 3–0 in the League Cup Final in November 2016.88 Celtic also clinched their sixth successive league title in April 2017 with a record eight league games to spare,89 and eventually finished with a record 106 points, becoming the first Scottish side to complete a top-flight league season undefeated since Rangers in 1899.9091 Celtic clinched their fourth treble by defeating Aberdeen 2–1 in the 2017 Scottish Cup Final, the result of which saw the club go through the entire domestic season unbeaten.92

Celtic continued their unbeaten domestic run into the following season, eventually extending it to 69 games, surpassing their own 100-year-old British record of 62 games, before finally losing to Hearts in November 2017.9394 Celtic retained the League Cup that same month by defeating Motherwell in the final,95 and went on to clinch their seventh consecutive league title in April 2018.96 They went on to defeat Motherwell again in the 2018 Scottish Cup Final to clinch a second consecutive domestic treble (the "double treble"), the first club in Scotland to do so.97 Rodgers left the club midway through following season to join Leicester City;98 Neil Lennon returned as caretaker manager for the rest of the season and helped Celtic secure an unprecedented third consecutive domestic treble (the "treble treble"), defeating Hearts 2–1 in the 2019 Scottish Cup Final.99 Later that month, he was confirmed as the club's new manager.100

In December 2019, Lennon led Celtic to a 1–0 win over Rangers in the 2019 Scottish League Cup Final, the club's tenth consecutive domestic trophy.101 By March 2020, Celtic were 13 points ahead in the league when professional football in Scotland was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.102103 they were confirmed as champions in May 2020 following a SPFL board meeting where it was agreed that completing the full league campaign was infeasible.104 The completion of the 2019–20 Scottish Cup was delayed, with the semi-finals and final – between Celtic and Hearts as in the previous year – not taking place until late autumn/winter of 2020. Celtic won on penalty-kicks after the sides tied at 3–3 after extra time, clinching a fourth successive treble.105 However, Celtic struggled throughout the 2020–21 season with poor performances in Europe, knocked out of the League Cup by Ross County, and by February 2021 were trailing 18 points behind Rangers in the league – effectively ending their hopes of winning "ten in a row" league titles. Lennon resigned on 24 February 2021, with assistant manager John Kennedy taking interim charge of the team.106 In the closing weeks of the season, Celtic were knocked out of the Scottish Cup by Rangers which condemned them to their first trophy-less season since 2010,107 and finished the league campaign 25 points behind their Glasgow rivals.108

On 26 April 2025, Celtic won 5–0 vs Dundee United to secure their 4th consecutive league title, which represented their 13th title won across their previous 14 league campaigns.

Crest and colours

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Celtic F.C. kits.

For most of Celtic's history their home strip has featured green and white horizontal hoops, but their original strip consisted of a white top with black shorts and black and green hooped socks. The top also featured the Marist Brothers' badge on the right hand side, consisting of a green Celtic cross inside a red circle.109110 In 1889, the club changed to a green and white vertically striped top and for the next fourteen years this remained unchanged although the colour of the shorts alternated between white and black several times over this period. The top did not feature a crest.111112

In 1903, Celtic adopted their now famous green and white hooped tops. The new design was worn for the first time on 15 August 1903 in a match against Partick Thistle.113 Black socks continued to be worn until the early 1930s, at which point the team switched to green socks. Plain white socks came into use in the mid-1960s, and white has been the predominant colour worn since then.114

History of Celtic football strips115
18881889–19031903–19321932–19651965 onwards

The club began using a badge in the 1930s, featuring a four leaf clover logo surrounded by the club's formal title, "The Celtic Football and Athletic Coy. Ltd".116 However, it was not until 1977 that Celtic finally adopted the club crest on their shirts. The outer segment was reversed out, with white lettering on a green background on the team shirts. The text around the clover logo on the shirts was also shortened from the official club crest to "The Celtic Football Club".117 For their centenary year in 1988, a commemorative crest was worn, featuring the Celtic cross that appeared on their first shirts. The 1977 version was reinstated for season 1989–90.118

From 1945 onwards numbered shirts slowly came into use throughout Scotland, before becoming compulsory in 1960. By this time Celtic were the last club in Britain to adopt the use of numbers on the team strip to identify players. The traditionalist and idealistic Celtic chairman, Robert Kelly, baulked at the prospect of the famous green and white hoops being disfigured, and as such Celtic wore their numbers on the players' shorts.119 This unusual tradition survived until 1994, although numbered shirts were worn in European competition from 1975 onwards.120 Celtic's tradition of wearing numbers on their shorts rather than on the back of their shirts was brought to an end when the Scottish Football League instructed Celtic to wear numbers on their shirts from the start of the 1994–95 season. Celtic responded by adding numbers to the top of their sleeves, however within a few weeks the football authorities ordered the club to attach them to the back of their shirts, where they appeared on a large white patch, breaking up the green and white hoops.121

In 1984 Celtic took up shirt sponsorship for the first time, with Fife-based double glazing firm CR Smith having their logo emblazoned on the front of the team jersey.122123 In season 1991–92, Celtic switched to Glasgow-based car sales company Peoples as sponsors.124 The club failed to secure a shirt sponsor for season 1992–93, and for the first time since the early 1980s Celtic took to the field in "unblemished" hoops.125126 Despite the loss of marketing revenue, sales of the new unsponsored replica top increased dramatically.127 Celtic regained shirt sponsorship for season 1993–94, with CR Smith returning as shirt sponsors in a four-year deal.128129

In 2005 the club severed their connection with Umbro, suppliers of their kits since the 1930s and entered into a contract with Nike. To mark the 40th anniversary of their European Cup win, a special crest was introduced for the 2007–08 season. The star that represents this triumph was retained when the usual crest was reinstated the following season.130 In 2012, a retro style kit was designed by Nike that included narrower hoops to mark the club's 125th anniversary. A special crest was introduced with a Celtic knot design embroidered round the traditional badge. A third-choice strip based on the first strip from 1888 was also adopted for the season.131

In March 2015, Celtic agreed a new kit deal worth £30 million with Boston-based sportswear manufacturer New Balance to replace Nike from the start of the 2015–16 season.132

All of the kits for the 2017–18 season paid tribute to the Lisbon Lions, with the kits having a line on each side to represent the handles of the European Cup. The kits also included a commemorative crest, designed specifically for the season.133 The regular crest was reinstated the following season, although the away strip featured a Celtic cross once again in reference to the club's heritage.134

In March 2020, Celtic announced a new five-year partnership with Adidas starting on 1 July 2020, in a deal believed to be the biggest kit sponsorship ever in Scottish sport.135

Period136Kit manufacturer137Shirt sponsor (front)138Shirt sponsor (back)
1936–1984Umbrononenone
1984–1991CR Smith
1991–1992Peoples Ford
1992–1993none
1993–1997CR Smith
1997–1999Umbro
1999–2003NTL
2003–2005Carling
2005–2010Nike
2010–2013Tennents
2013–2015Magners
2015–2016New Balance
2016–2020DafabetMagners
2020–2025Adidas
2025–none

Stadium

Main article: Celtic Park

Celtic's stadium is Celtic Park, which is in the Parkhead area of Glasgow. Celtic Park, an all-seater stadium with a capacity of 60,411,139 is the largest football stadium in Scotland and the eighth-largest stadium in the United Kingdom, after Murrayfield, Old Trafford, Twickenham, Wembley, the London Stadium, Tottenham Hotspur Stadium and the Millennium Stadium. It is commonly known as Parkhead140 or Paradise.141142

Celtic opened the original Celtic Park in the Parkhead area in 1888.143 The club moved to a different site in 1892, however, when the rental charge was greatly increased.144 The new site was developed into an oval shaped stadium, with vast terracing sections.145 The record attendance of 83,500 was set by an Old Firm derby on 1 January 1938.146 The terraces were covered and floodlights were installed between 1957 and 1971.147 The Taylor Report mandated that all major clubs should have an all-seated stadium by August 1994.148 Celtic was in a bad financial position in the early 1990s and no major work was carried out until Fergus McCann took control of the club in March 1994. He carried out a plan to demolish the old terraces and develop a new stadium in a phased rebuild, which was completed in August 1998. During this development, Celtic spent the 1994–95 season playing at the national stadium Hampden Park, costing the club £500,000 in rent.149 The total cost of the new stadium on its completion was £40 million.150

Celtic Park has been used as a venue for Scotland internationals and Cup Finals, particularly when Hampden Park has been unavailable.151 Before the First World War, Celtic Park hosted various other sporting events, including composite rules shinty-hurling,152 track and field and the 1897 Track Cycling World Championships.153 Open-air masses,154 and First World War recruitment drives have also been held there.155 In more recent years, Celtic Park has hosted the Opening Ceremonies of the 2014 Commonwealth Games,156 the 2005 Special Olympics National Games and the 1990 Special Olympics European Games.157 Celtic Park has occasionally been used for concerts, including performances by The Who and U2.158

In July 2016, Celtic Park became the first British football stadium to have a "rail seating" (safe standing) area in the ground. Rail seating is particularly common in Germany's Bundesliga, most notably at Borussia Dortmund's Westfalenstadion, a ground with a reputation on par with Celtic Park for its intensity and atmosphere.159160161

In June 2018, Celtic announced a series of stadium improvements that would be implemented before the 2018–19 season. These include the installation of new LED floodlights and a new entertainment system, a stadium-wide PA system and a new hybrid playing surface.162

A panoramic view of Celtic Park

Supporters

Main article: Celtic F.C. supporters

In 2003 Celtic were estimated to have a fan base of nine million people, including one million in the US and Canada.163 There are over 160 Celtic Supporters Clubs in over 20 countries around the world.164

An estimated 80,000 Celtic supporters, many without match tickets, travelled to Seville in Spain for the UEFA Cup Final in May 2003.165166167 The club's fans subsequently received awards from UEFA and FIFA for their behaviour at the match.168169170171172

Celtic has the highest average home attendance of any Scottish club.173 They also had the 12th highest average league attendance out of all the football clubs in Europe in 2011.174 A study of stadium attendance figures from 2013 to 2018 by the CIES Football Observatory ranked Celtic at 16th in the world during that period, and their proportion of the distribution of spectators in Scotland at 36.5%, the highest of any club in the leagues examined.175

In October 2013, French football magazine So Foot [fr] published a list of whom they considered the "best" football supporters in the world. Celtic fans were placed third, the only club in Britain on the list, with the magazine highlighting their rendition of "You'll Never Walk Alone" before the start of European ties at Celtic Park.176

On 23 October 2017, Celtic fans were awarded with the FIFA Fan Award for their tifo commemorating the 50th anniversary of the club's European cup win. The award celebrates the best fan moment of November 2016 to August 2017.177

Sectarianism

Main articles: Old Firm and Sectarianism in Glasgow

Celtic's traditional rivals are Rangers; collectively, the two clubs are known as the Old Firm178 and seen by some as the world's biggest football derby.179180 The two have dominated Scottish football's history;181 between them, they have won the Scottish league championship 108 times (as of May 2023) since its inception in 1890 – all other clubs combined have won 19 championships.182 The two clubs are also by far the most supported in Scotland, with Celtic having the sixth highest home attendance in the UK during the 2014–15 season.183184 Celtic have a historic association with the people of Ireland and Scots of Irish descent, both of whom are mainly Roman Catholic.185 Traditionally fans of rivals Rangers came from Scottish or Northern Irish Protestant backgrounds and support Unionism in Ireland.186

The clubs have attracted the support of opposing factions in the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Some supporters use songs, chants and banners at matches to abuse or show support for the Protestant or Catholic religions and proclaim support for Northern Irish paramilitary groups such as the IRA and UVF.187

There have been over 400 Old Firm matches played.188 The games have been described as having an "atmosphere of hatred, religious tension and intimidation which continues to lead to violence in communities across Scotland."189 The rivalry has fuelled many assaults and even deaths on Old Firm Derby days. Admissions to hospital emergency rooms have been reported to increase ninefold over normal levels190 and in the period from 1996 to 2003, eight deaths in Glasgow were directly linked to Old Firm matches, and hundreds of assaults.191192

Both sets of fans fought on the pitch after Celtic's victory in the 1980 Scottish Cup Final at Hampden Park.193 There was serious fan disorder during an Old Firm match played in May 1999 at Celtic Park; missiles were thrown by Celtic fans, including one which struck referee Hugh Dallas, who needed medical treatment and a small number of fans invaded the pitch.194

Celtic have taken measures to reduce sectarianism. In 1996, the club launched its Bhoys Against Bigotry campaign, later followed by Youth Against Bigotry to "educate the young on having ... respect for all aspects of the community – all races, all colours, all creeds".195

Irish republicanism

Some groups of Celtic fans have expressed their support for Irish republicanism and the Irish Republican Army by singing or chanting about them at matches.196197

In 2008 and 2010, there were protests by groups of fans over the team wearing the poppy for Remembrance Day, as the symbol is opposed by Irish Republicans owing to its association with the British military.198199 Celtic expressed disapproval of these protests, saying they were damaging to the image of the club and its fans, and pledged to ban those involved.200 In 2011, UEFA and the Scottish Premier League investigated the club over pro-IRA chants by fans at different games. UEFA fined Celtic £12,700, while the SPL took no action, as the club had taken all reasonable action to prevent the chants.201

Celtic media

In 1965, Celtic began publishing its own newspaper, The Celtic View, now the oldest club magazine in football.202 It was the brainchild of future chairman Jack McGinn, who at the time was working in the circulation department of Beaverbrook Newspapers.203 McGinn himself edited the paper for the first few years, with circulation initially reaching around 26,000 copies.204 By 2020, it was a 72-page glossy magazine with over 6,000 weekly readers, and the top selling club magazine in the United Kingdom. In the spring of 2020, the magazine saw a temporary cease of production due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.205 However, in August 2021, Celtic announced the restart of the production activities for the magazine, which was turned into a 100-page, quarterly publication.206

From 2002, Celtic's Internet TV channel Channel67 (previously known as Celtic Replay) broadcast Celtic's own content worldwide and offered live match coverage to subscribers outside the UK. It also provided three online channels. In 2004, Celtic launched their own digital TV channel called Celtic TV, which was available in the UK through Setanta Sports on satellite and cable platforms. Due to the collapse of Setanta in the UK in June 2009, Celtic TV stopped broadcasting, although the club hoped to find a new broadcast partner.207 In 2011, Celtic TV was relaunched as an online service and replaced Channel 67.208209

Influence on other clubs

Due to Celtic's large following, several clubs have emulated or been inspired by Celtic. As the club has a large following, especially in Northern Ireland, several clubs have been founded there by local Celtic fans. The most notable and successful was Belfast Celtic, formed in 1891 simply as Celtic. Upon incorporation as a limited company in 1901, however, the club adopted the name "Belfast Celtic", the title "Celtic Football Club Ltd" already being registered by the Glasgow club.210 Their home from the same year was Celtic Park on Donegall Road in west Belfast, known to the fans as Paradise.211 It was one of the most successful teams in Ireland until it withdrew from the Irish League in 1949.212 Donegal Celtic, currently playing in the NIFL Premier Intermediate League,213 was established in 1970,214 with the Celtic part being taken on due to the massive local following for Scotland's Celtic and formerly Belfast Celtic.215216 They are nicknamed The Wee Hoops and play at Donegal Celtic Park on Suffolk Road in Belfast.217 A club by the name of Lurgan Celtic was originally formed in 1903, with the obvious slant of aiming towards the Roman Catholic community of the town, adopting the name and colours of the Glaswegian Celtic.218 The County Armagh club currently plays in the NIFL Championship.219 In the Republic of Ireland, both Tuam Celtic A.F.C. and Castlebar Celtic F.C. play at grounds called Celtic Park.220221

Throughout Scotland and England, other clubs have been named after and adopted Celtic's kit. These include the now defunct Scottish club Blantyre Celtic F.C.;222 Irish club Listowel Celtic F.C.; and English lower-league clubs Cleator Moor Celtic F.C., which was founded in 1908–09 by Irish immigrants employed in the local iron ore mines,223 Celtic Nation F.C. (now defunct)224225 and West Allotment Celtic F.C.226 Somerset club Yeovil Town F.C., who traditionally wore an all-green shirt, modified their uniform to emulate Celtic's, inspired by the Scottish club's 2003 UEFA Cup run.227

South African club Bloemfontein Celtic F.C., based in Bloemfontein , previously one of the most popular clubs in the country with a large fan base in the Free State, is also named after Celtic F.C. Founded in 1969 as Mangaung United, in 1984, the then owner Molemela took over the club and changed the name to Bloemfontein Celtic.228229 In the United States of America, Hurricanes F.C. of Houston, Texas rebranded as Celtic FC America in 2019 and play in the Texas Premier Soccer League.230

Amateur Australian club South Lismore Celtic FC, which plays in the FFNC Premier League, the top league of the Football Far North Coast region, are named and designed after Celtic. South Lismore Celtic FC were the 2022 champions of the FFNC Premier League.

Charity

Celtic was initially founded to raise money for the poor in the East End of Glasgow and the club still retain strong charitable traditions today.231 In 1995 the Celtic Charity Fund was formed with the aim of "revitalising Celtic's charitable traditions" and by September 2013 had raised over £5 million.232233 The Charity Fund has since then merged with the Celtic Foundation, forming the Celtic FC Foundation, and continues to raise money for local, national and international causes.234235

On 9 August 2011 Celtic held a testimonial match in honour of former player John Kennedy. Due to the humanitarian crisis in East Africa, the entire proceeds were donated to Oxfam. An estimated £300,000 was raised.236

Celtic hold an annual charity fashion show at Celtic Park. In 2011 the main beneficiaries were Breast Cancer Care Scotland.237

Yorkhill Hospital is another charity with whom Celtic are affiliated and in December 2011 the club donated £3000 to it. Chief Executive Peter Lawwell said that; "Celtic has always been much more than a football club and it is important that, at all times we play an important role in the wider community. The club is delighted to have enjoyed such a long and positive connection with Yorkhill Hospital."238

Ownership and finances

Private company

Celtic were formed in 1887, and in 1897 the club became a Private Limited Company with a nominal share capital of 5000 shares at £1 each.239240 The following year a further share issue of 5000 £1 shares was created to raise more capital. The largest number of shares held were by businessmen from the East End of Glasgow, notably James Grant, an Irish publican and engineer, James Kelly, one of the club's original players turned publican, and John Glass, a builder and driving force in the early years of the club.241 His shares, upon his death in 1906, passed on to Thomas White.242 The Grant, Kelly and White families' shareholdings dominated ownership of the club throughout the 20th century.243244245

The late 1940s saw Robert Kelly, son of James Kelly, become chairman of the club after having been a director since 1931. Desmond White also joined the board around this time, upon the death of his father Thomas White.246 By the 1950s, a significant number of shares in the club had passed to Neil and Felicia Grant, who lived in Toomebridge, County Antrim. These shares accounted for more than a sixth of the club's total issue.247 Club chairman Robert Kelly's own family share-holding was of a similar size, and he used his close relationship with the Toomebridge Grants to ensure his power base at Celtic was unchallengeable.248 When Neil Grant died in the early 1960s, his shareholding passed to his sister Felicia, leaving her as the largest share-holder in Celtic.249250 This gave rise to the myth among Celtic supporters of the "old lady in Ireland" who supposedly had the ultimate say in the running of the club.251

Celtic's board of directors had a reputation of being miserly and authoritarian. In particular they were known for frequently selling their top players and not paying their staff enough; they were also seen as lacking ambition, which caused friction with several managers.252 Jimmy McGrory's tenure as manager is generally considered a period of underachievement, but with Chairman Robert Kelly's domineering influence. many have questioned how much authority McGrory ever had in team selection.253254 Even Jock Stein's time as manager ended on a sour note when he was offered a place on the Celtic board, but in a role involving ticket sales. Stein felt that this was demeaning, stating he was "a football man, not a ticket salesman". He declined this offer and decided to stay in football management, joining Leeds United instead.255256257 Billy McNeill won a trophy in each of his five seasons as manager, but was still paid less than the managers of Rangers, Aberdeen and Dundee United. He left the club in June 1983 after his request for a contract and pay rise was publicly rebuffed by the board. McNeill moved on to manage Manchester City, stating that to remain at Celtic would have been humiliating.258 McNeill's successor, Davie Hay, also had his difficulties with the Celtic board. When trying to sign players in 1987 to strengthen his squad to compete with high-spending Rangers, the board refused to pay for them; chairman Jack McGinn was quoted as saying that if Hay wanted these players, "he will have to pay for them himself".259

By the end of the 1980s the Celtic board consisted of chairman McGinn and directors Kevin Kelly, Chris White, Tom Grant and Jimmy Farrell. Neither McGinn nor Farrell were members of the traditional family dynasties at Celtic. Farrell was a partner in the Shaughnessy law firm that had long-standing connections with Celtic, and was invited to become a director in 1964. McGinn had set up The Celtic View in the 1960s and later became the club's commercial manager. He was given a seat on the board and became chairman in 1986.260 In May 1990 the former Lord Provost of Glasgow, Michael Kelly, and property developer Brian Dempsey were invited to join the Celtic board.261262 Dempsey did not last long however, as a dispute about a proposed relocation to Robroyston resulted in him being voted off the board five months later.263

McCann takeover and transition to plc

Throughout the 1960s and 70s Celtic had been one of the strongest clubs in Europe. However, the directors failed to accompany the wave of economic development facing football in the 1980s, although the club continued to remain successful on the field, albeit limited to the domestic scene in Scotland.264 In 1989, the club's annual budget was £6.4 million, about a third as much as Barcelona, with a debt of around 40% and on-field success deteriorating.265 In the early 1990s the situation began to worsen as playing success declined dramatically and the club slipped further into debt.266

In 1993 fans began organising pressure groups to protest against the board, one of the most prominent being "Celts for Change". They supported a takeover bid led by Canadian-based businessman Fergus McCann and former director Brian Dempsey. Football writer Jim Traynor described McCann's attempt to buy the club as "good against evil".267 Despite declining attendances and increasing unrest amongst supporters, the Kelly, White and Grant family groupings continued to guard their control of Celtic.268269

On 4 March 1994, McCann bought Celtic for £9 million, finally wresting control from the family dynasties that had run the club for almost 100 years.270271 When he bought the club it was reported to be within 24 hours of entering receivership due to exceeding a £5 million overdraft with the Bank of Scotland.272273 He turned Celtic into a public limited company through a share issue which raised over £14 million, the most successful share issue in British football history.274275 He also oversaw the building of a new stadium, the 60,000 seater Celtic Park, which cost £40 million and at the time was Britain's largest club stadium.276277278 This allowed Celtic to progress as a club because over £20 million was being raised each year from season ticket sales.279

McCann had maintained that he would only be at Celtic for five years and in September 1999 he announced that his 50.3% stake in Celtic was for sale. McCann had wanted the ownership of Celtic to be spread as widely as possible and gave first preference to existing shareholders and season-ticket holders, to prevent a new consortium taking over the club.280 14.4 million shares were sold by McCann at a value of 280 pence each. McCann made £40 million out of this, meaning he left Celtic with a £31 million profit. During his tenure, turnover at Celtic rose by 385% to £33.8m and operating profits rose from £282,000 to £6.7m.281 McCann was often criticised during his time at Celtic and many people disagreed with him over building a stadium which they thought Celtic could not fill, not investing enough in the squad and being overly focused on finance. However, McCann was responsible for the financial recovery of the club and for providing a very good platform for it to build on. After he left Celtic, the club were able to invest in players and achieved much success such as winning the treble in 2000–01 and reaching the 2003 UEFA Cup Final.282283

After McCann's exit, Irish billionaire Dermot Desmond was left as the majority shareholder. He purchased 2.8 million of McCann's shares to increase his stake in the club from 13% to 20%.284

In 2005, Celtic issued a share offer designed to raise £15 million for the club; 50 million new shares were made available priced at 30p each. It was also revealed that majority shareholder Desmond would buy around £10 million worth of the shares. £10 million of the money raised was for building a new training centre and youth academy, expanding the club's global scouting network and investing in coaching and player development programmes. The rest of the money was to be used to reduce debt. Building a youth academy was important for Celtic to surpass both Hearts and Rangers who had superior youth facilities at the time.285 The share issue was a success and Celtic had more applicants than shares available,286 The new Lennoxtown training centre was opened in October 2007.287

Celtic have been ranked in the Deloitte Football Money League six times. This lists the top 20 football clubs in the world according to revenue. They were ranked between 2002 (2000–01 season), 2006 (2004–05 season) and 2008 (2006–07 season).288289

Celtic's financial results for 2011 showed that the club's debt had been reduced from £5.5 million to £500,000 and that a pre-tax profit of £100,000 had been achieved, compared with a loss of over £2 million the previous year. Turnover also decreased by 15% from £63 million to £52 million.290

In May 2012, Celtic were rated 37th in Brand Finance's annual valuation of the world's biggest football clubs. Celtic's brand was valued at $64 million (£40.7 million), $15 million more than the previous year. It was the first time a Scottish club had been ranked in the top 50. Matt Hannagan, Sports Brand Valuation Analyst at Brand Finance, said that Celtic were constrained by the amount of money they got from the SPL and that if they were in the Premiership then, due to their large fan base, they could be in the top 10 clubs in the world.291292 Later that month David Low, the financial consultant who advised Fergus McCann on his takeover of Celtic in 1994, said that Celtic's "enterprise value" (how much it would cost to buy the club) was £52 million.293

Players

First-team squad

As of 1 July 2025294

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.Pos. NationPlayer
1GK DENKasper Schmeichel
2DF CANAlistair Johnston
4DF SWEGustaf Lagerbielke
5DF IRLLiam Scales
6DF USAAuston Trusty
7FW PORJota
8FW SWEBenjamin Nygren
9FW IRLAdam Idah
10FW GERNicolas Kühn
12GK FINViljami Sinisalo
13FW KORYang Hyun-jun
14MF SCOLuke McCowan
17DF POLMaik Nawrocki
19FW WALCallum Osmand
20DF USACameron Carter-Vickers
No.Pos. NationPlayer
22MF KORKwon Hyeok-kyu
23FW AUSMarco Tilio
24FW IRLJohnny Kenny
27MF BELArne Engels
28MF PORPaulo Bernardo
31GK SCORoss Doohan
38FW JPNDaizen Maeda
41MF JPNReo Hatate
42MF SCOCallum McGregor (captain)
49MF SCOJames Forrest
56DF SCOAnthony Ralston
57DF SCOStephen Welsh
63DF SCOKieran Tierney
—FW HONLuis Palma

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.Pos. NationPlayer
—MF NOROdin Thiago Holm (at Los Angeles FC until 31 December 2025)

Academy squads

For more details on the academy squads, see Celtic F.C. B Team and Academy.

Women's team

Main article: Celtic F.C. Women

Celtic have a pathway for female players, from eleven years old upwards.295 In 2007 the club launched their women's first team, sometimes known as Celtic Women. The women's team reached the Scottish Women's Cup Final in their first season, and won their first trophy in 2010, the Scottish Women's Premier League Cup.296 In December 2018 they announced a move to full-time training, becoming the first professional women's football team in Scotland.297

Former players

For further information, see List of Celtic F.C. players for players with over 100 appearances or other stated notability, List of Celtic F.C. international footballers and Category:Celtic FC players for a general list of ex-players.

Club captains

For further information, see Celtic club captains

List of Celtic F.C. captains
NamePeriod
James Kelly1888–1897
Dan Doyle1897–1899
Sandy McMahon1899–1903
Willie Orr1903–1906
Jimmy Hay1906–1911
Jim Young1911–1917
Alec McNair1917–1920
William Cringan1920–1923
Charlie Shaw1923–1925
Willie McStay1925–1929
Jimmy McStay1929–1934
Bobby Hogg1934–1935
Willie Lyon1935–1939
John McPhail1948–1953
Sean Fallon1952–1953
Jock Stein1953–1955
 298
NamePeriod
Bobby Evans1955–1957
Bertie Peacock1957–1961
Duncan MacKay1961–1963
Billy McNeill1963–1975
Kenny Dalglish1975–1977
Danny McGrain1977–1987
Roy Aitken1987–1990
Paul McStay1990–1997
Tom Boyd1997–2002
Paul Lambert2002–2004
Jackie McNamara2004–2005
Neil Lennon2005–2007
Stephen McManus2007–2010
Scott Brown2010–2021
Callum McGregor2021–present

Greatest ever team

SIMPSONMcNEILLMURDOCHGEMMELLMcGRAINJOHNSTONEAULDMcSTAYLARSSONDALGLISHLENNOX
Greatest-ever Celtic team

In 2002 the greatest-ever Celtic team was voted by supporters:299

Club officials

Board of directors

Position300Name
ChairmanPeter Lawwell
Chief executiveMichael Nicholson
Chief financial officerChris McKay
Senior independent directorTom Allison
Independent non-executive directorSharon Brown
Independent non-executive directorDermot Desmond
Independent non-executive directorBrian Rose
Independent non-executive directorBrian Wilson
Company secretaryJoanne McNairn

Management

Position301Name
ManagerBrendan Rodgers
Assistant managerJohn Kennedy
First team coachAdam Sadler
Gavin Strachan
Goalkeeping coachStevie Woods
Head of football operationsPaul Tisdale
Head of performanceGlen Driscoll
PhysioTim Williamson

Managerial history

Main article: List of Celtic F.C. managers

302
NamePeriod
Willie Maley1897–1940
Jimmy McStay1940–1945
Jimmy McGrory1945–1965
Jock Stein1965–1978
Billy McNeill1978–1983
1987–1991
David Hay1983–1987
Liam Brady1991–1993
Lou Macari1993–1994
Tommy Burns1994–1997
Wim Jansen1997–1998
 
NamePeriod
Jozef Vengloš1998–1999
John Barnes1999–2000
Martin O'Neill2000–2005
Gordon Strachan2005–2009
Tony Mowbray2009–2010
Neil Lennon2010–2014
2019–2021
Ronny Deila2014–2016
Brendan Rodgers2016–2019
2023–present
Ange Postecoglou2021–2023

Halls of Fame

Scotland Football Hall of Fame

As of 1 June 2020, 27 Celtic players and managers have entered the Scottish Football Hall of Fame:303

Scotland Roll of Honour

The Scotland national football team roll of honour recognises players who have gained 50 or more international caps for Scotland. Inductees to have played for Celtic are:304

Numbers in brackets indicate the number of caps the above players won whilst at Celtic.305

Scottish Sports Hall of Fame

In the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame, five Celtic players have been selected, they are:

Honours

For a full list of honours including minor, reserve and youth competitions, see list of Celtic F.C. records and statistics § Honours.

Source:311312
TypeCompetitionTitlesSeasons
DomesticScottish League Championship55s

1892–93, 1893–94, 1895–96, 1897–98, 1904–05, 1905–06, 1906–07, 1907–08, 1908–09, 1909–10, 1913–14, 1914–15, 1915–16, 1916–17, 1918–19, 1921–22, 1925–26, 1935–36, 1937–38, 1953–54, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1997–98, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25

Scottish Cup42

1891–92, 1898–99, 1899–1900, 1903–04, 1906–07, 1907–08, 1910–11, 1911–12, 1913–14, 1922–23, 1924–25, 1926–27, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1936–37, 1950–51, 1953–54, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1979–80, 1984–85, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1994–95, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2022–23, 2023–24

Scottish League Cup22

1956–57, 1957–58, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1974–75, 1982–83, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2024–25

ContinentalUEFA Champions League11966–67
  •   record
  • s shared record

Other honours

Other awards

1967319 1970320 20031321 20031322 20171323

1 Awarded to the fans of Celtic.

Quadruple

  • League Title, Scottish Cup, League Cup, and European Cup: 1324
1966–67

Trebles

  • League Title, Scottish Cup, and League Cup: 8325
1966–67, 1968–69, 2000–01, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2022–23

Doubles

  • League Title and Scottish Cup: 13326
1906–07, 1907–08, 1913–14, 1953–54, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1973–74, 1976–77, 1987–88, 2003–04, 2006–07, 2012–13, 2023–24
  • League Title and League Cup: 8327
1965–66, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1997–98, 2005–06, 2014–15, 2021–22, 2024–25
  • Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup: 1328
1974–75

Records

Main article: List of Celtic F.C. records and statistics

Club records

See also: Celtic F.C. league record by opponent and Celtic F.C. in European football

  • The Scottish Cup final win against Aberdeen in 1937 was attended by a crowd of 147,365 at Hampden Park in Glasgow, which remains a world record gate for a national cup final,329 and also the highest attendance for a club football match in Europe.330
  • Highest attendance for a European club competition match: 136,505 against Leeds United in the European Cup semi-final at Hampden Park (15 April 1970).331
  • Record home attendance: 83,500 against Rangers on 1 January 1938.332333334335336 A 3–0 victory for Celtic.337
  • UK record for an unbeaten run in domestic professional football: 69 games (60 won, 9 drawn), from 15 May 2016 until 17 December 2017  – a total of 582 days in all.338
  • SPL record for an unbeaten run of home matches: 77 games, from 2001 to 2004.339340
  • 14 consecutive League Cup final appearances, from season 1964–65 to 1977–78 inclusive,341 a world record for successive appearances in the final of a major football competition.342
  • World record for total number of goals scored in a season (competitive games only): 196 (season 1966–67).343
  • Most goals scored in one Scottish top-flight league match by one player: eight goals by Jimmy McGrory against Dunfermline in 9–0 win on 14 January 1928.344
  • Highest score in a domestic British cup final: Celtic 7–1 Rangers (1957 Scottish League Cup Final).345
  • Fastest hat-trick in European Club Football: Mark Burchill against Jeunesse Esch in 2000; 3 minutes (between twelfth minute and fifteenth minute), a record at the time.346347
  • Earliest Scottish Premiership title won: Won with eight games remaining in 2017, against Heart of Midlothian on 2 April 2017.348
  • Biggest margin of victory in the SPL: 9–0 against Aberdeen, 6 November 2010.349
  • Biggest margin of victory in the Scottish Premiership: 9–0 against Dundee United, 28 August 2022.
  • Celtic and Hibernian hold the record for the largest transfer fee between two Scottish clubs (Scott Brown in May 2007).350
  • Most expensive export from Scottish football: Kieran Tierney to Arsenal (August 2019).351
  • First weekly football club publication in the UK: The Celtic View.352
  • First European club to field a player from the Indian sub-continent: Mohammed Salim.353
  • Gil Heron, who signed for Celtic in 1951, was the first black person to play professionally in Scotland;354 his son Gil Scott-Heron rose to prominence in the 1970s as a hugely influential jazz and soul musician.355

Individual records

Club partners

As of 1 May 2024, Celtic has partnerships with:367

  • Cadbury
  • Forbes on the Square
  • Celtic Compare
  • Vitality
  • Clyde 1
  • Eleven Sports Media
  • Nirvana Europe
  • Cordial
  • Soccer Supplement
  • Sorare
  • Match Worn Shirt
  • The Turmeric Co.
  • Sky Sports
  • Gorbals Drinks Co.
  • Clydebuilt Home Improvements
  • MDH Recruitment
  • The NWH Group

Footnotes

Notes

Sources
  • Campbell, Tom; Woods, Pat (1987). The Glory & The Dream. Grafton Books. ISBN 0-586-20005-3.
  • Inglis, Simon (1996). Football Grounds of Britain. Collins Willow. ISBN 0-00-218426-5.
  • Wilson, Brian (1988). Celtic – A Century With Honour. Willow Books. ISBN 0-00-218230-0.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Celtic F.C..

References

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