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Molecular biology

Central dogma of molecular biology
Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
Cloning vector
Small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism for cloning
Complementary DNA
Single-stranded DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Class of enzymes
DNA polymerase
Member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates
DNA repair
Cellular mechanism
DNA replication
Biological process
Enhancer (genetics)
DNA sequence that binds activators to increase the likelihood of gene transcription
Exon
Gene portion that is not removed during RNA splicing and becomes part of mature mRNA
Expression vector
Plasmid specifically used for protein expression in the target
Gene expression
Conversion of a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products
Genetic code
Rules by which information encoded within genetic material is translated into proteins.
Helicase
Class of enzymes to unpack an organism's genes
Intron
Sequence within a gene or mRNA that does not code for the amino acid sequence of a protein
microRNA
Small non-coding ribonucleic acid molecule
Molecular biology
Branch of biology which studies biological activity at the molecular level
Non-coding DNA
DNA not coding for protein. Often translated to RNA and critical in regulating other genes
Non-coding RNA
Class of ribonucleic acid that is not translated into proteins
Operon
Group of open reading frames under the same regulation
Post-transcriptional modification
A set of biological processes by which an eukaryotic RNA primary transcript is modified following transcription to produce a mature, functional RNA molecule
Post-translational modification
Biological processes
Promoter (genetics)
Region of DNA encouraging transcription
Protein folding
Change of a linear protein chain to a 3D structure
Recombinant DNA
DNA molecules formed by human agency at a molecular level generating novel DNA sequences
Regulation of gene expression
Process that modulates frequency, rate or extent of gene expression
Restriction enzyme
Class of enzymes that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within the molecule known as restriction sites
Reverse transcriptase
An enzyme which generates DNA
RNA interference
Biological process of gene regulation
RNA polymerase
Class of enzymes that synthesize RNA from a DNA template
RNA splicing
Process in molecular biology
Terminator (genetics)
Section of genetic sequence that marks the end of gene or operon on genomic DNA for transcription
Transcription (biology)
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
Transcription factor
Protein that controls the rate of DNA transcription
Translation (biology)
Cellular process of protein synthesis
Transposable element
Semiparasitic DNA sequence
Ubiquitin
Regulatory protein