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Science
Earth science
Earth
Geomorphology
Landforms
Landforms
General
Montane landforms
Fluvial landforms
Glacial landforms
Other erosional landforms
Caves
Oceanic and coastal landforms
Aeolian landforms
Artificial landforms
Aeolian processes
Processes due to wind activity
Alluvial fan
A fan- or cone-shaped deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams
Archipelago
Chain, cluster or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands
Artificial island
An island constructed by people
Atoll
Ring-shaped coral reef
Badlands
A type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded
Bar (river morphology)
An elevated region of sediment in a river that has been deposited by the flow
Barrier island
Coastal dune landform that forms by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast
Bay
Recessed, coastal body of water connected to an ocean or lake
Beach
Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water
Butte
Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
Canyon
Deep ravine between cliffs
Cape (geography)
A large headland extending into a body of water, usually the sea
Cave
Natural void under the Earth's surface
Cenote
Natural pit or sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath
Cirque
An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion
Cliffed coast
A form of coast where the action of marine waves has formed steep cliffs that may or may not be precipitous
Coast
The fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water
Coast
The fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water
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Coral island
Island formed from coral and associated material
Coral reef
Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
Cut bank
Outside bank of a water channel, which is continually undergoing erosion
Depression (geology)
Landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area
Düne
German Island
Escarpment
Steep slope or cliff separating two relatively level regions
Esker
Long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers
Fault block
Very large block of rock
Fjord
A long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity
Flat coast
Shoreline where the land descends gradually into the sea
Floodplain
Land adjacent to a river which is flooded during periods of high discharge
Fold mountains
Mountains formed by compressive crumpling of the layers of rock
Glacial landform
Landform created by the action of glaciers
Gully
Landform created by running water eroding sharply into soil
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Highland
Mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau
Hill
Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain
Hummock
Geological feature
Impact crater
Circular depression on a solid astronomical body formed by a hypervelocity impact of a smaller object
Islet
Very small island
Isthmus
Narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas
Karst
Topography from dissolved soluble rocks
Lagoon
A shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by barrier islands or reefs
Lake island
Island located in a lake
LAND
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Land reclamation
Creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds, or lakes
Landform
Feature of the solid surface of a planetary body
Lava tube
Natural conduit through which lava flows beneath the solid surface
Meander
Sinuous bend in a series in the channel of a river
Mesa
Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs
Moraine
Glacially formed accumulation of debris
Mountain
A large landform that rises fairly steeply above the surrounding land over a limited area
Mountain pass
Route through a mountain range or over a ridge
Mountain range
A geographic area containing several geologically related mountains
Mudflat
Coastal wetlands where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers
Oasis
Fertile area in a desert environment
Oceanic basin
Large geologic basins that are below sea level
Peninsula
Geographical feature
Plain
Expanse of land which is mostly flat and treeless
PlatEAU
Canadian band
Point bar
A depositional feature of alluvium that accumulates on the inside bend of streams and rivers below the slip-off slope
Polder
Reclaimed land
Promontory
Prominent mass of land that overlooks lower-lying land or a body of water
Ravine
Small valley, often due to stream erosion
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Ridge
A geological feature consisting of a chain of mountains or hills that form a continuous elevated crest for some distance
Rift valley
Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault
River Island
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River morphology
Change in shape and direction of river channels over time
River Valley
Topics referred to by the same term
Scree
Broken rock fragments at the base of steep rock faces, that has accumulated through periodic rockfall
Sea cave
A cave formed by the wave action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines
Seamount
A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
Shingle beach
Beach which is armoured with pebbles or small- to medium-sized cobbles
Shoal
Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface
Sinkhole
Depression or hole in the ground caused by collapse of the surface into an existing void space
Solutional cave
Cave formed in soluble rock such as limestone, chalk, dolomite, marble, salt beds or gypsum
Speleothem
A structure formed in a cave by the deposition of minerals from water
Stalactite
Elongated mineral formation which hangs down from a cave ceiling
Stalagmite
Elongate mineral formation found on a cave floor
Stream bed
Channel bottom of a stream, river, or creek
Summit
Point on a surface with a higher elevation than all immediately adjacent points
Terrace (geology)
A step-like landform
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Tidal island
Island accessible by foot at low tide
Uninhabited island
Island without permanent human population
Upland and lowland
Types of Plain
U-shaped valley
Valleys formed by glacial scouring
Valley
Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
Volcanic island
Island of volcanic origin
Waterfall
Place where water flows over a vertical drop in the course of a river