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Science Biological and Health Sciences Cell biology Cell processes

Cell processes

Active transport

Cellular molecule transport mechanism against the concentration gradient

Programmed cell death in multicellular organisms

Dephosphorylation enzyme

Cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm

Biochemical cascade

Series of chemical reactions resulting in a cell response

Biological processes that result in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell

System of communication

Cellular differentiation

Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell

Cellular respiration

Metabolic reactions in the cells of organisms converting chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) while releasing waste byproducts.

Citric acid cycle

Metabolic pathway

Broad and loose category of small proteins important in cell signaling

Electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.

Embryonic stem cell

Pluripotent stem cell of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst

Cellular process

Process of active transport by which a cell secretes intracellular molecules contained within a membrane-bound vesicle

Facilitated diffusion

Biological process

Anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds

G protein-coupled receptor

Class of cell surface receptors coupled to G-protein-associated intracellular signaling

Metabolic pathway

Hematopoietic stem cell

Stem cells that give rise to other blood cells

Ligand (biochemistry)

Substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule

Membrane transport

Collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes through biological membranes

Unprogrammed cell death caused by external cell injury

Passive transport

Membrane transport that occurs down an electrochemical gradient and does not require energy

Programmed cell death

Death of a cell mediated by intracellular program, often as part of development

Protein targeting

The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles, usually requiring an organelle-specific protein sequence motif

Receptor (biochemistry)

Protein molecule receiving signals for a cell

Second messenger system

System of signaling molecules within a cell

Signal transduction

Cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell

Any biological cell forming the body of an organism

Undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells