List of Quercus species

<h2 id="legend">Legend</h2>
Species with <a href="/facts/Evergreen/bcLptUdV">evergreen</a> foliage ("<a href="/facts/Live_oak/0Nq8IImf">live oaks</a>") are tagged '#'. Species in the genus have been recategorized between <a href="/facts/Deciduous/7jQHVtdd">deciduous</a> and evergreen on numerous occasions, although this does not necessarily mean that species in the two groups are closely related.

<h2 id="subgenus-quercus">Subgenus Quercus</h2>
<h3>Section Quercus</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Quercus_subg._Quercus/or49dFSM">Quercus subg. Quercus § Section Quercus</a>
Section Mesobalanus was included in section Quercus in the 2017 classification used here. Other synonyms include Q. sect. Albae and Q. sect. Macrocarpae. The section comprises the white oaks from Europe, Asia, north Africa, Central and North America.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.

<ul><li>Quercus aculcingensis Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ajoensis/oPoBUvSh">Quercus ajoensis</a> C.H.Mull. – Ajo Mountain shrub oak, Blue shrub oak – <a href="/facts/Arizona/6ayM3swJ">Arizona</a>, <a href="/facts/New_Mexico/wosJCGaW">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/facts/Baja_California/vJY3AFwn">Baja California</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_alba/UJYKXIJA">Quercus alba</a> L. – white oak – eastern and central North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_aliena/5Kq4nLEd">Quercus aliena</a> Blume – Oriental white oak – eastern Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_alpescens/K8vVhfRL">Quercus alpescens</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ariifolia/khS4zIYQ">Quercus ariifolia</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_arizonica/l48vHala">Quercus arizonica</a> Sarg. – Arizona white oak – # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_austrina/NruNBqny">Quercus austrina</a> Small – bluff oak – southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_%25C3%2597_basaseachicensis/2B0h3pJQ">Quercus × basaseachicensis</a> C.H.Mull. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_%25C3%2597_bebbiana/BaLoTcMU">Quercus × bebbiana</a> C.K.Schneid. — Bebb's oak — northeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_berberidifolia/nUd9GMau">Quercus berberidifolia</a> Liebm. – California scrub oak – # California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_bicolor/cVsopwNk">Quercus bicolor</a> Willd. – swamp white oak – eastern and midwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_%25C3%2597_bimundorum/cQA6uz2X">Quercus × bimundorum</a> E.J.Palmer — two worlds oak</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_boyntonii/a5kxCEFA">Quercus boyntonii</a> Beadle – Boynton's post oak – south central North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_canariensis/fWxVmQqN">Quercus canariensis</a> Willd. – Mirbeck's oak or Algerian oak – # North Africa & Spain</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_carmenensis/Jnofs8Kw">Quercus carmenensis</a> C.H.Mull. – Carmen oak – Coahuila and Texas</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_%25C3%2597_cerrioides/k3XRMRaS">Quercus × cerrioides</a> Willk. & Costa – east Spain</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_chapmanii/f2Kono54">Quercus chapmanii</a> Sarg. – Chapman oak – # southeastern North America</li>
<li>Quercus chartacea Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_chihuahuensis/dT4rv6IB">Quercus chihuahuensis</a> Trel. – Chihuahua oak – northern Mexico and Texas</li>
<li>Quercus congesta C.Presl – Italy</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_convallata/b27clWXp">Quercus convallata</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_copeyensis/Weq0FCxc">Quercus copeyensis</a> C.H.Mull. – # <a href="/facts/Costa_Rica/baw0GTI1">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/facts/Panama/GckVVhnp">Panama</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_cornelius-mulleri/lGfxB8FG">Quercus cornelius-mulleri</a> Nixon & K.P.Steele – Muller oak – # southwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_corrugata/xc3Rt4b1">Quercus corrugata</a> Hook. – Mexico, Central America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_dalechampii/900Hr01A">Quercus dalechampii</a> Ten. – southeastern Europe</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_deliquescens/fJy6N2k9">Quercus deliquescens</a> C.H.Mull. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_dentata/6edn6tH8">Quercus dentata</a> Thunb. – daimyo oak – eastern Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_depressipes/lSkrAEhC">Quercus depressipes</a> Trel. – Davis Mountain oak – northern Mexico and Texas</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_deserticola/TlRRBDIa">Quercus deserticola</a> Trel. – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_diversifolia/qIyFnN7Y">Quercus diversifolia</a> Née – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_douglasii/CgbFgLT7">Quercus douglasii</a> Hook. & Arn. – blue oak – California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_dumosa/5whclAHQ">Quercus dumosa</a> Nutt. – coastal scrub oak – # southern California, Baja California, Arizona</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_durata/qmswdQD9">Quercus durata</a> Jeps. – leather oak – # California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_edwardsiae/HL62wJVl">Quercus edwardsiae</a> C.H.Mull. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_engelmannii/gpIbxgcW">Quercus engelmannii</a> Greene – Engelmann oak – # southern California, Baja California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_estremadurensis/P1fKs5oj">Quercus estremadurensis</a> O.Schwarz – Portugal, Spain, Morocco</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_fabrei/BexbcsEu">Quercus fabrei</a> Hance – Faber's oak – central to southern China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_faginea/DLdasPhE">Quercus faginea</a> Lam. – Portuguese oak – # southwestern Europe</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_frainetto/z1tBD88e">Quercus frainetto</a> Ten. — Hungarian oak — southeastern Europe</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_frutex/mRW5nCoJ">Quercus frutex</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li>†<a href="/facts/Quercus_furuhjelmi/jv1py12s">Quercus furuhjelmi</a> — Eocene to Miocene - Alaska, Kazakhstan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_gambelii/2DRzhvwL">Quercus gambelii</a> Nutt. – Gambel oak – southwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_garryana/BKnQqUP7">Quercus garryana</a> Douglas ex Hook. – Oregon white oak or Garry oak – western North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_germana/rH538AC4">Quercus germana</a> Schltdl. & Cham. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_glabrescens/enLX35Hh">Quercus glabrescens</a> Benth. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_glaucescens/eYXMces4">Quercus glaucescens</a> Bonpl. – encino blanco – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_glaucoides/35jcR9xM">Quercus glaucoides</a> M.Martens & Galeotti – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_greggii/Mz56de65">Quercus greggii</a> (A.DC.) Trel. – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_griffithii/b0RjmyJ6">Quercus griffithii</a> Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq. – southeast Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_grisea/eFeLRrDV">Quercus grisea</a> Liebm. – gray oak – # southwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hartwissiana/ybAgJXV7">Quercus hartwissiana</a> Steven – Strandzha oak – southeastern <a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a>, northern <a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0">Turkey</a>, western <a href="/facts/Georgia_(country)/ccBF8bBE">Georgia</a>, southwestern <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_havardii/3B9RaMF8">Quercus havardii</a> Rydb. – Havard oak, shinnery oak, shin oak – south central North America</li>
<li>†<a href="/facts/Quercus_hiholensis/wF5bDs9H">Quercus hiholensis</a> — Miocene — # Washington State<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hinckleyi/A50XWHX6">Quercus hinckleyi</a> C.H.Mull. – Hinckley oak – # Texas, northwestern Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ichnusae/yeE42sqh">Quercus ichnusae</a> Mossa, Bacch. & Brullo – Sardinia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_infectoria/TuMm3zc3">Quercus infectoria</a> G.Olivier – Aleppo oak, Cyprus oak – southern Europe, southwestern Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_insignis/x0VJgd37">Quercus insignis</a> M.Martens & Galeotti – Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_intricata/189E2UD9">Quercus intricata</a> Trel. – Coahuila scrub oak – # two isolated localities in west Texas, northern <a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh">Mexico</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_invaginata/9w6BnXl0">Quercus invaginata</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_john-tuckeri/FmMwBTdX">Quercus john-tuckeri</a> Nixon & C.H.Mull. – Tucker's oak – California</li>
<li>Quercus juergensenii Liebm. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_kotschyana/m459RvXC">Quercus kotschyana</a> O.Schwarz – Lebanon</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_laceyi/p0aW9ub7">Quercus laceyi</a> Small – lacey oak – Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_laeta/dfnA3ofs">Quercus laeta</a> Liebm. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lancifolia/xc3Rt4b1">Quercus lancifolia</a> Schltdl. & Cham. – southwestern North America, Mexico, South America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_liebmannii/xjkl9TvY">Quercus liebmannii</a> Oerst. ex Trel. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lobata/kNLQA7T3">Quercus lobata</a> Née – valley oak or California white oak – California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lusitanica/6C9g0p5a">Quercus lusitanica</a> Lam. – gall oak or Lusitanian oak – Iberia, North Africa</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lyrata/TVJr0Row">Quercus lyrata</a> Walter – overcup oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_%25C3%2597_macdonaldii/NnXs9683">Quercus × macdonaldii</a> Greene & Kellogg – California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_macdougallii/vCbl0BcK">Quercus macdougallii</a> Martínez – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_macranthera/mtVT0dfb">Quercus macranthera</a> Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Hohen. – Caucasian oak or Persian oak – western Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_macrocarpa/9TSrf2sw">Quercus macrocarpa</a> Michx. – bur oak – eastern and central North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_magnoliifolia/fvGnEpPe">Quercus magnoliifolia</a> Née – Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus manzanillana Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_margarettae/MmbMuYaw">Quercus margarettae</a> (also Q. margaretiae and Q. margarettiae) — sand post oak — southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_martinezii/4q2yQLUG">Quercus martinezii</a> C.H.Mull. – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_michauxii/hImPfEFH">Quercus michauxii</a> Nutt. – swamp chestnut oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_microphylla/N8oGCsG2">Quercus microphylla</a> Née – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_mohriana/VTNSk8ma">Quercus mohriana</a> Buckley ex Rydb. – Mohr oak – # southwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_mongolica/5EFRxsvc">Quercus mongolica</a> Fisch. ex Ledeb. – Mongolian oak – eastern Asia</li>
<li>Quercus monnula Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen – south-central China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_montana/qbLw4emL">Quercus montana</a> Willd. – chestnut oak – eastern North America (= Quercus prinus)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_muehlenbergii/hvflM734">Quercus muehlenbergii</a> Engelm. – Chinkapin oak – eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and <a href="/facts/New_Mexico/wosJCGaW">New Mexico</a>), northern Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus ningqiangensis S.Z.Qu & W.H.Zhang – southeastern China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_oblongifolia/6TajlmnE">Quercus oblongifolia</a> Torr. – Arizona blue oak, Southwestern blue oak, or Mexican blue oak – # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_obtusata/gCTfFdNp">Quercus obtusata</a> Bonpl. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_oglethorpensis/7GlqLe1c">Quercus oglethorpensis</a> W.H.Duncan – Oglethorpe oak – southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_oocarpa/qR355Kj0">Quercus oocarpa</a> Liebm. – Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus opaca Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pacifica/78QAwFAF">Quercus pacifica</a> Nixon & C.H.Mull. – # Channel Islands, California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_peduncularis/I4IVr13j">Quercus peduncularis</a> Née – # Central America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_perpallida/SByNumD4">Quercus perpallida</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_petraea/uzAn7by9">Quercus petraea</a> (Matt.) Liebl. – sessile oak, durmast oak – Europe, <a href="/facts/Anatolia/vMkrLrPr">Anatolia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Quercus_petraea_subsp._polycarpa/DsqAkgFs">Quercus petraea subsp. polycarpa</a> (Schur) Soó - Georgian oak - Austria to Iran and the <a href="/facts/Caucasus/sE8P8Ejg">Caucasus</a></li>
<li>Quercus petraea subsp. pinnatiloba (K.Koch) Menitsky - Lebanon-Syria, Turkey, <a href="/facts/South_Caucasus/MQaTkhRJ">South Caucasus</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_polymorpha/cdms14HL">Quercus polymorpha</a> Schltdl. & Cham. – Monterrey oak, Mexican white oak – # Mexico and extreme S. Texas</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_porphyrogenita/p0aW9ub7">Quercus porphyrogenita</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_potosina/gRRXJLIW">Quercus potosina</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_praeco/PLBqWkre">Quercus praeco</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus pringlei Seemen ex Loes. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_prinoides/MFHICr3w">Quercus prinoides</a> Willd. – dwarf chinkapin oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pubescens/pDH7e1Wq">Quercus pubescens</a> Willd. – downy oak or Italian oak – Europe, Anatolia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pungens/dyuKIJwJ">Quercus pungens</a> Liebm. – sandpaper oak or pungens oak – southwestern U.S., Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_purulhana/Rmyg4c4U">Quercus purulhana</a> Trel. – Mexico, Central America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pyrenaica/22Gq2Du1">Quercus pyrenaica</a> Willd. – Pyrenean oak – southwestern Europe</li>
<li>Quercus rekonis Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_repanda/UJYKXIJA">Quercus repanda</a> Bonpl. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_resinosa/cojAfNKd">Quercus resinosa</a> Liebm. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_robur/P1fKs5oj">Quercus robur</a> L. – pedunculate oak, English oak or French oak – Europe, West Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_rugosa/khS4zIYQ">Quercus rugosa</a> Née – netleaf oak or Rugosa oak – # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_%25C3%2597_schuettei/8MmPnq9o">Quercus × schuettei</a> Trel. — Schuette's oak — US, Canada</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sebifera/KLhfPrfC">Quercus sebifera</a> Trel. – # Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus segoviensis Liebm. – Mexico and northern Central America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_serrata/trol032b">Quercus serrata</a> Murray – bao li – # China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea</li>
<li>Quercus shennongii C.C.Huang & S.H.Fu – southeastern China</li>
<li>Quercus shingjenensis Y.T.Chang – China (Guizhou)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_similis/x13pvaVB">Quercus similis</a> Ashe – swamp post oak – southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sinuata/73VVIU7n">Quercus sinuata</a> Walter – bastard oak – southern US (formerly identified as Quercus durandii)</li>
<li>Quercus sororia Liebm. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_stellata/3k1UI95r">Quercus stellata</a> Wangenh. – post oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_striatula/UhXJ6V8U">Quercus striatula</a> Trel. – Mexico (<a href="/facts/Sierra_Madre_Occidental/AE7j8bf1">Sierra Madre Occidental</a> and <a href="/facts/Mexican_Plateau/QH93pqEh">Mexican Plateau</a> ranges)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_subspathulata/mJp82Mvd">Quercus subspathulata</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus supranitida C.H.Mull. – Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus tinkhamii C.H.Mull. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_toumeyi/tFH311hs">Quercus toumeyi</a> Sarg. — Toumey oak — # southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_tuberculata/zeSSz6j4">Quercus tuberculata</a> Liebm. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_turbinella/IX2y6Kwq">Quercus turbinella</a> Greene — turbinella oak, Arizona Blue Shrub oak, Shrub live oak or scrub live oak — # southwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_vaseyana/f8sfuhWr">Quercus vaseyana</a> Buckley — Vasey oak — # southwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_verde/r35Mw3RV">Quercus verde</a> C.H.Mull. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_vicentensis/Qm3WXPb2">Quercus vicentensis</a> Trel. — El Salvador, Guatemala, and southern Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_vulcanica/gj57SA9A">Quercus vulcanica</a> Boiss. & Heldr. ex Kotschy — Kasnak oak — southwestern Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_welshii/CEV61MWB">Quercus welshii</a> R.A.Denham — havard oak, Utah sand oak, wavy leaf oak — # southwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_wutaishanica/BpYaTems">Quercus wutaishanica</a> Mayr — Liaoning oak — China, Mongolia</li>
<li>Quercus xylina Scheidw. — Mexico<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a></li></ul>

<h3>Section Ponticae</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Quercus_subg._Quercus/or49dFSM">Quercus subg. Quercus § Section Ponticae</a>
Species are native to Western Asia and Western North America. They produce catkins up to 10cm long; the acorns mature annually.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pontica/WmdnVU7X">Quercus pontica</a> — Pontine oak — western Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sadleriana/kdUMudbj">Quercus sadleriana</a> — deer oak — # southwestern Oregon, northern <a href="/facts/California/zLW2vdQJ">California</a></li></ul>
<h3>Section Protobalanus</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Quercus_subg._Quercus/or49dFSM">Quercus subg. Quercus § Section Protobalanus</a>
The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA and northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Quercus_cedrosensis/3DUlSwEp">Quercus cedrosensis</a> — Cedros Island oak — # California + Baja California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_chrysolepis/CLz4pnjz">Quercus chrysolepis</a> — canyon live oak — # southwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_palmeri/I4xPdydf">Quercus palmeri</a> — Palmer oak — # California, western Arizona</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_tomentella/bxslBFbf">Quercus tomentella</a> — island oak — # offshore islands of California + Baja California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_vacciniifolia/z7JXB4GG">Quercus vacciniifolia</a> — huckleberry oak — # southwestern North America</li></ul>

<h3>Section Lobatae</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Quercus_subg._Quercus/or49dFSM">Quercus subg. Quercus § Section Lobatae</a>
The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus), native to North, Central and South America.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months (in most species),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Quercus_acatenangensis/C3kdhCwD">Quercus acatenangensis</a> Trel. – Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_acerifolia/Qa8Fu1au">Quercus acerifolia</a> (E.J.Palmer) Stoynoff & W.J.Hess ex R.J.Jensen – maple-leaved oak or mapleleaf oak – Arkansas</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_acherdophylla/2keQ1lbl">Quercus acherdophylla</a> Trel. – # Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus acutangula Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_acutifolia/qG2sTTyj">Quercus acutifolia</a>, syn. Quercus conspersa — Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus aerea Trel. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_affinis/EbaPeMM2">Quercus affinis</a> Scheidw. – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_agrifolia/17rzSyrD">Quercus agrifolia</a> Née – coast live oak – # California, northern Baja California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_albocincta/DTQSwkMw">Quercus albocincta</a> Trel. – Mexico (<a href="/facts/Sierra_Madre_Occidental/AE7j8bf1">Sierra Madre Occidental</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_aristata/57MtIMpj">Quercus aristata</a> Hook. & Arn. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_arkansana/TWgntVaM">Quercus arkansana</a> Sarg. – Arkansas oak – southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_benthamii/fxb2C6qK">Quercus benthamii</a> A.DC. – # southern Mexico and Central America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_brenesii/h8T1cUyt">Quercus brenesii</a> Trel. – Costa Rica, Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_buckleyi/sP1mCPxu">Quercus buckleyi</a> Nixon & Dorr – Texas red oak – south central North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_calophylla/XBHsrAX6">Quercus calophylla</a> Schltdl. & Cham. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_canbyi/J52X8qHg">Quercus canbyi</a> Trel. (syn. Quercus graciliformis) – Canby oak or Mexican red oak – # Texas, Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_castanea/KRvfNV6h">Quercus castanea</a> Née – # Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus charcasana Trel. ex A.Camus – Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus chimaltenangana Trel. – Guatemala</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_coahuilensis/HDlln2B2">Quercus coahuilensis</a> Nixon & C.H.Mull. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_coccinea/lCPA5EhI">Quercus coccinea</a> Münchh. – scarlet oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_coffeicolor/tHTI3z1c">Quercus coffeicolor</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_confertifolia/hYuV1tMn">Quercus confertifolia</a> Bonpl. (syn. Quercus gentryi) — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_conzattii/NGeqD4vH">Quercus conzattii</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_cortesii/bBxdvfal">Quercus cortesii</a> Liebm. – # southern Mexico and Central America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_costaricensis/FAqkveSm">Quercus costaricensis</a> Liebm. – # Costa Rica, Panama</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_crassifolia/I0hEMK1G">Quercus crassifolia</a> Bonpl. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_crassipes/eLBhSJUT">Quercus crassipes</a> Bonpl. – Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus crispifolia Trel. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_crispipilis/R3vpq9uw">Quercus crispipilis</a> Trel. – Mexico, Guatemala</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_cualensis/uWXzp9LD">Quercus cualensis</a> L.M.González – # Mexico (<a href="/facts/Sierra_Madre_del_Sur/BXeTFdfT">Sierra Madre del Sur</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_delgadoana/l11EeBzr">Quercus delgadoana</a> S.Valencia, Nixon & L.M.Kelly – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_depressa/0nd79VtF">Quercus depressa</a> Bonpl. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_devia/X3rq16qU">Quercus devia</a> Goldman – Mexico (Baja California Peninsula)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_durifolia/4Aa6Dh2s">Quercus durifolia</a> Seemen ex Loes. – Mexico (<a href="/facts/Sierra_Madre_Occidental/AE7j8bf1">Sierra Madre Occidental</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_%25C3%2597_dysophylla/fqbTVsN6">Quercus × dysophylla</a> — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_eduardi/NcVrCBvc">Quercus eduardi</a> Trel. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ellipsoidalis/DzLDcI6g">Quercus ellipsoidalis</a> E.J.Hill – northern pin oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_elliptica/Xv30WuU6">Quercus elliptica</a> Née – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_emoryi/e6xWMhUd">Quercus emoryi</a> Torr. – Emory oak – # southwestern U.S., northern Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_falcata/yVxYmkSP">Quercus falcata</a> Michx. – southern red oak or Spanish oak – southeastern North America</li>
<li>Quercus floccosa Liebm. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_flocculenta/lg3gpbJp">Quercus flocculenta</a> C.H.Mull. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_fulva/JFaaaLTI">Quercus fulva</a> Liebm. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_furfuracea/nz962FBq">Quercus furfuracea</a> Liebm. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_galeanensis/nR0efbsC">Quercus galeanensis</a> C.H.Mull. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_georgiana/FWpUlqUh">Quercus georgiana</a> M.A.Curtis – Georgia oak – southeastern North America</li>
<li>Quercus gracilior C.H.Mull. – Honduras</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_grahamii/qG2sTTyj">Quercus grahamii</a> Benth. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_gravesii/cJa6kQPE">Quercus gravesii</a> Sudw. – Chisos red oak or Graves oak – Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_gulielmi-treleasei/kSltBxfg">Quercus gulielmi-treleasei</a> C.H.Mull. – Costa Rica to western Panama</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hemisphaerica/zFzF3Ma8">Quercus hemisphaerica</a> W.Bartram ex Willd. – laurel oak or Darlington oak – # southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hintonii/Uucd0t3W">Quercus hintonii</a> E.F.Warb. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hintoniorum/VF4wbXjv">Quercus hintoniorum</a> Nixon & C.H.Mull. – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hirtifolia/jaMn1Sl3">Quercus hirtifolia</a> M.L.Vázquez, S.Valencia & Nixon – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_humboldtii/eulWIYNg">Quercus humboldtii</a> Bonpl. – Andean oak – # northern South America (Colombia & Panama)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hypoleucoides/hYuV1tMn">Quercus hypoleucoides</a> A.Camus – silverleaf oak – # southwestern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hypoxantha/ys4zrF62">Quercus hypoxantha</a> Trel. – # Mexico</li>
<li>Quercus ignaciensis C.H.Mull. – Sonora</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ilicifolia/gRB2XTHS">Quercus ilicifolia</a> Wangenh. – bear oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_iltisii/qa3Nt675">Quercus iltisii</a> L.M.González – western Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_imbricaria/mkJ7Vacd">Quercus imbricaria</a> Michx. – shingle oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_incana/Mcd0jtyg">Quercus incana</a> W.Bartram – bluejack oak – southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_inopina/4NoU48pz">Quercus inopina</a> Ashe – sandhill oak – Florida</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_jonesii/rteYXACa">Quercus jonesii</a> Trel. – northern Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_kelloggii/urIWq8ql">Quercus kelloggii</a> Newb. – California black oak – California, southwestern Oregon</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_laevis/ynMUzvFv">Quercus laevis</a> Walter – turkey oak – southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_laurifolia/BrCYQpJJ">Quercus laurifolia</a> Michx. – laurel oak – # southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_laurina/ggrNoR4y">Quercus laurina</a> Bonpl. – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_marilandica/fzrA3Rjq">Quercus marilandica</a> (L.) Münchh. – blackjack oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_mcvaughii/DwGwKoS9">Quercus mcvaughii</a> Spellenb. (orth. var. Q. macvaughii) — Mexico (northern and central <a href="/facts/Sierra_Madre_Occidental/AE7j8bf1">Sierra Madre Occidental</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_mexicana/op72GcId">Quercus mexicana</a> Bonpl. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_miquihuanensis/TATHWjS6">Quercus miquihuanensis</a> Nixon & C.H.Mull. – Mexico (<a href="/facts/Sierra_Madre_Oriental/6hakYwYq">Sierra Madre Oriental</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_mulleri/xFXCdND4">Quercus mulleri</a> Martínez – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_myrtifolia/tB5LU1gN">Quercus myrtifolia</a> Willd. – myrtle oak – # southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_nigra/Bn8a0wgR">Quercus nigra</a> L. – water oak – # eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_nixoniana/eW1BElIC">Quercus nixoniana</a> S.Valencia & Lozada-Pérez – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pagoda/B4Buj4cx">Quercus pagoda</a> Raf. – cherrybark oak – southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_palustris/aLQagWWm">Quercus palustris</a> Münchh. – pin oak – eastern North America</li>
<li>Quercus panamandinaea C.H.Mull. – Panama</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_parvula/9HqMzQso">Quercus parvula</a> Greene – Shreve oak, Santa Cruz Island oak – # coastal California</li>
<li>Quercus paxtalensis C.H.Mull. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_peninsularis/H8njFTh0">Quercus peninsularis</a> Trel. – Mexico (Baja California)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pennivenia/05Nm70VH">Quercus pennivenia</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_phellos/wpFk1lGG">Quercus phellos</a> L. – willow oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pinnativenulosa/cr2YcuWJ">Quercus pinnativenulosa</a> C.H.Mull. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_planipocula/6zYKqttF">Quercus planipocula</a> Trel. – western Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pumila/mK35AsCW">Quercus pumila</a> Walter – runner oak – # southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_radiata/Tcsyz8KE">Quercus radiata</a> Trel. – Mexico (southern <a href="/facts/Sierra_Madre_Occidental/AE7j8bf1">Sierra Madre Occidental</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_robusta/NCM9NKKN">Quercus robusta</a> C.H.Mull. – Chisos Mountains of Texas</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_rubra/Hm95cAfP">Quercus rubra</a> L. – northern red oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_rubramenta/2keQ1lbl">Quercus rubramenta</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_runcinatifolia/x4UQQLfs">Quercus runcinatifolia</a> Trel. & C.H.Mull. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_rysophylla/DfCWWX6R">Quercus rysophylla</a> Weath. – loquat-leaf oak – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_salicifolia/2keQ1lbl">Quercus salicifolia</a> Née – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_saltillensis/GGMHwqfJ">Quercus saltillensis</a> Trel. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sapotifolia/zE9IQFCH">Quercus sapotifolia</a> Liebm. – # southern Mexico, Central America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sartorii/qG2sTTyj">Quercus sartorii</a> Liebm. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_scytophylla/vDXX68gW">Quercus scytophylla</a> Liebm. — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_seemannii/LbSroU1u">Quercus seemannii</a> Liebm. – southeastern Mexico and Central America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_shumardii/bsPJNSQf">Quercus shumardii</a> Buckley – Shumard oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sideroxyla/LaWnIAUE">Quercus sideroxyla</a> Bonpl. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_skinneri/6kAEJnSh">Quercus skinneri</a> Benth. – Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_tarahumara/HU4KeaXN">Quercus tarahumara</a> Spellenb., J.D.Bacon & Breedlove – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_tardifolia/2u7freoo">Quercus tardifolia</a> C.H.Mull. – lateleaf oak – # two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of Texas</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_texana/PozTurk1">Quercus texana</a> Buckley – Nuttall's oak – south central North America (Lower <a href="/facts/Mississippi_River/RduarPzj">Mississippi River</a> Valley)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_tonduzii/4Wfos6pA">Quercus tonduzii</a> Seemen – Costa Rica</li>
<li>Quercus tuitensis L.M.González — Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_urbani/05Nm70VH">Quercus urbani</a> Trel. – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_uxoris/6zga1VkC">Quercus uxoris</a> McVaugh – Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_velutina/03rDI40F">Quercus velutina</a> Lam. – black oak or eastern black oak or dyer's oak – eastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_viminea/F3u5Ch8H">Quercus viminea</a> Trel. – # Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_wislizeni/q19pBXza">Quercus wislizeni</a> A.DC. – interior live oak – # California</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_xalapensis/N07kEzmn">Quercus xalapensis</a> Bonpl. – Mexico, Central America</li></ul>

<h3>Section Virentes</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Quercus_subg._Quercus/or49dFSM">Quercus subg. Quercus § Section Virentes</a>
Section Virentes has also been treated at lower ranks. Species are native south-eastern Northern America, Mexico, the West Indies (Cuba), and Central America.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> A 2017 classification included seven species:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Quercus_brandegeei/tQPLvq73">Quercus brandegeei</a> Goldman – Brandegee oak- Baja California Sur</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_fusiformis/3uREpMHR">Quercus fusiformis</a> Small – Texas live oak or plateau live oak – # south central North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_geminata/1otX3FQQ">Quercus geminata</a> Small – sand live oak – # southeastern United States</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_minima/eunw34JT">Quercus minima</a> (Sarg.) Small – dwarf live oak – # southeastern North America</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_oleoides/MLyYoe47">Quercus oleoides</a> Schltdl. & Cham. – # from Costa Rica into Mexico</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sagraeana/vpsyVTnD">Quercus sagraeana</a> (also spelt Q. sagrana) – Cuban oak – # western <a href="/facts/Cuba/vHjTXLPW">Cuba</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_virginiana/1ssK4vBt">Quercus virginiana</a> Mill. – southern live oak – # southeastern North America</li></ul>

<h2 id="subgenus-cerris">Subgenus Cerris</h2>
<h3>Section Cerris</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Quercus_subg._Cerris/twkKeMUG">Quercus subg. Cerris § Section Cerris</a>
Species are native to Europe, north Africa and Asia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Quercus_acutissima/86Klg5Gd">Quercus acutissima</a> Carruth. – sawtooth oak – # China (including Tibet), Korea, Japan, <a href="/facts/Indochina/5pknI7yy">Indochina</a>, the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India).</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_afares/MQ6DKFHf">Quercus afares</a> Pomel – African oak – North Africa</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_brantii/o4KjulLP">Quercus brantii</a> Lindl. – Persian oak – southwestern Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_castaneifolia/oV2vwm9R">Quercus castaneifolia</a> C.A.Mey. – chestnut-leaved oak – Caucasus, Iran (Persia)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_cerris/hvVgPHjq">Quercus cerris</a> L. – Turkey oak – southern Europe, southwestern Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_chenii/aHyB5eJ6">Quercus chenii</a> Nakai – SE China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_%25C3%2597_crenata/8QWvTzWf">Quercus × crenata</a> Lam. – Spanish oak – France, mainland Italy, Sicily, former Yugoslavia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_gussonei/SPnC4BHx">Quercus gussonei</a> (Borzì) Brullo – northern Sicily</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_apiculata/cRc9a9Hd">Quercus apiculata</a> Djav.-Khoie – northwestern Iran</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_carduchorum/cRc9a9Hd">Quercus carduchorum</a> Koch – northwestern Iran</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ithaburensis/470xs1yz">Quercus ithaburensis</a> Decne. – Mount Tabor's oak – southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ithaburensis_subsp._macrolepis/FU86Wk6v">Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis</a>, syn. Quercus macrolepis — Vallonea oak — # southwestern Asia</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_libani/cRc9a9Hd">Quercus libani</a> G.Olivier – Lebanon oak – southwestern Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_look/quDb8GaL">Quercus look</a> Kotschy – Levant</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_magnosquamata/cRc9a9Hd">Quercus magnosquamata</a> Djav.-Khoie – northwestern Iran</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ophiosquamata/cRc9a9Hd">Quercus ophiosquamata</a> Djav.-Khoie – northwestern Iran</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_persica/o4KjulLP">Quercus persica</a> Jaub. & Spach – western Iran</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_suber/szFesMGD">Quercus suber</a> L. – cork oak – # southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_trojana/0bEn06Hr">Quercus trojana</a> Webb – Macedonian oak – # southeastern Europe</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ungeri/470xs1yz">Quercus ungeri</a> Kotschy – northwestern Iran</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_variabilis/8Fe56vRx">Quercus variabilis</a> Blume – Chinese cork oak – eastern Asia</li></ul>

<h3>Section Ilex</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Quercus_subg._Cerris/twkKeMUG">Quercus subg. Cerris § Section Ilex</a>
Species in section Ilex are native to Eurasia and northern <a href="/facts/Africa/XkqQUP9s">Africa</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Styles medium-long; acorns mature in 12–24 months, appearing hairy on the inside. Evergreen leaves, with bristle-like extensions on the teeth. (<a href="/facts/Sister_group/pNNuVex4">Sister group</a> to sect. Cerris and sometimes included in it.)

<ul><li>Quercus acrodonta Seemen — # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_alnifolia/XYhL4jxf">Quercus alnifolia</a> Poech — golden oak — # Cyprus</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_aquifolioides/LCqRswCg">Quercus aquifolioides</a> Rehder & E.H.Wilson — # China (including Tibet)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_aucheri/p24yzPqX">Quercus aucheri</a> Jaub. & Spach – eastern <a href="/facts/Aegean_Islands/bkgxgMqc">Aegean Islands</a> and southwestern Turkey</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_baloot/Kr4sDf83">Quercus baloot</a> Griff. – Afghanistan to western Himalayas</li>
<li>Quercus baronii Skan – China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_bawanglingensis/22ogfwHn">Quercus bawanglingensis</a> C.C.Huang, Ze X.Li & F.W.Xing – # Hainan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_coccifera/PMUxd8sF">Quercus coccifera</a> L., syn. Quercus calliprinos Webb – kermes oak – # southern Europe</li>
<li>Quercus cocciferoides Hand.-Mazz. – south-central China</li>
<li>Quercus dolicholepis A.Camus – China</li>
<li>Quercus engleriana Seemen – Tibet and southern China</li>
<li>Quercus fimbriata Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen – south-central China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_floribunda/QBgjPhlD">Quercus floribunda</a> Lindl. ex A.Camus – Moru oak – # Himalayas</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_franchetii/5EtLPBBK">Quercus franchetii</a> Skan – China, eastern Asia</li>
<li>Quercus gilliana Rehder & E.H.Wilson – Tibet and China (Sichuan, Yunnan, and Gansu)</li>
<li>Quercus guyavifolia H.Lév. – China</li>
<li>Quercus handeliana A.Camus – China (Yunnan)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ilex/JxoAq5p8">Quercus ilex</a> L. – holly oak or holm oak – # southern Europe</li>
<li>Quercus kingiana Craib – south-Central China, Myanmar, and Thailand</li>
<li>Quercus kongshanensis Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen – China (Sichuan)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lanata/Tw2RLNz4">Quercus lanata</a> Sm. – woolly-leaved oak – # Himalayas, southeast Asia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_leucotrichophora/rtSa1vv7">Quercus leucotrichophora</a> A.Camus – Banj oak, blackjack oak, grey oak – # Himalayas</li>
<li>Quercus lodicosa O.E.Warb. & E.F.Warb. – Assam, southeastern Tibet, northern Myanmar</li>
<li>Quercus longispica (Hand.-Mazz.) A.Camus – China (Yunnan and Sichuan)</li>
<li>Quercus marlipoensis Hu & W.C.Cheng – China (Yunnan)</li>
<li>Quercus monimotricha (Hand.-Mazz.) Hand.-Mazz. – south-central China and northern Myanmar</li>
<li>Quercus oxyphylla (E.H.Wilson) Hand.-Mazz. – China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pannosa/7TKQqh5a">Quercus pannosa</a> Hand.-Mazz. # – China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_phillyreoides/3dCg7dWt">Quercus phillyreoides</a> A.Gray – Southern China, Ryukyu Islands, Japan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pseudococcifera/PMUxd8sF">Quercus pseudococcifera</a> Desf. – Iberia, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sardinia, Sicily</li>
<li>Quercus rehderiana Hand.-Mazz. – Tibet to China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_rotundifolia/FxxKzLhp">Quercus rotundifolia</a> Lam. – ballota oak or holm oak – # Iberian peninsula, northwestern Africa</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_semecarpifolia/YD7dE5ve">Quercus semecarpifolia</a> Sm. – brown oak or Kharshu oak – # Himalayas</li>
<li>Quercus senescens Hand.-Mazz. – Eastern Himalayas, Tibet, south-central China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_setulosa/C1LISTzz">Quercus setulosa</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # Laos, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_spinosa/0Fxb642P">Quercus spinosa</a> David – China, Myanmar</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_tarokoensis/q9qY8vmc">Quercus tarokoensis</a> Hayata – eastern Taiwan</li>
<li>Quercus tungmaiensis Y.T.Chang – Arunachal Pradesh and southeastern Tibet</li>
<li>Quercus utilis Hu & W.C.Cheng – China (Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi)</li>
<li>Quercus yiwuensis Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen – China (Yunnan)</li></ul>

<h3>Section Cyclobalanopsis</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Quercus_subg._Cerris/twkKeMUG">Quercus subg. Cerris § Section Cyclobalanopsis</a>

The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis), native to eastern and southeastern tropical Asia. They have corns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> They commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 90 species.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>

Species

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Quercus_acuta/Pdff3lvB">Quercus acuta</a> Thunb. – Japanese evergreen oak. # Japan, <a href="/facts/Korea/cj2kDBzc">Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_albicaulis/S6760340">Quercus albicaulis</a> Chun & W.C.Ko – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_annulata/ml6V9r1N">Quercus annulata</a> Sm. – # The <a href="/facts/Himalayas/eRSf0yyE">Himalayas</a> to Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_arbutifolia/7Wnx0YG9">Quercus arbutifolia</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # Vietnam (<a href="/facts/Endemic/xt4IpIsl">endemic</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_argentata/VdMqdnb1">Quercus argentata</a> Korth. – # <a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW">Indonesia</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_argyrotricha/3g2Q2rFU">Quercus argyrotricha</a> A.Camus – # <a href="/facts/Guizhou/BWxNrucU">Guizhou</a> (China)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_asymmetrica/KEes7P1L">Quercus asymmetrica</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # China, northern Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_augustinii/XYs9dcA6">Quercus augustinii</a> Skan – # China, <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_austrocochinchinensis/YGWSNwxB">Quercus austrocochinchinensis</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # China, <a href="/facts/Thailand/GCUnN4JK">Thailand</a>, Vietnam</li>
<li>Quercus baniensis A.Camus – central Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_bambusifolia/r6BbCyqr">Quercus bambusifolia</a> Hance – China (Guangdong, Guangxi), northern Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_bella/K0DKNfNU">Quercus bella</a> Chun & Tsiang – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_blakei/t798hCvz">Quercus blakei</a> Skan (syn. Q. chrysocalyx) — # China, <a href="/facts/Laos/S0afugjX">Laos</a>, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_blaoensis/7LTLACRz">Quercus blaoensis</a> A.Camus – southeastern Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_braianensis/1KPHePm6">Quercus braianensis</a> A.Camus – # Vietnam (<a href="/facts/Endemic/xt4IpIsl">endemic</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_brandisiana/pu24Mblz">Quercus brandisiana</a> Kurz – upland Indochina, Bangladesh</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_brevicalyx/Xk0bBvUV">Quercus brevicalyx</a> A.Camus — # China, Laos</li>
<li>Quercus breviradiata (W.C.Cheng) C.C.Huang – central and south-central China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_cambodiensis/vJVBUSWL">Quercus cambodiensis</a> Hickel & A.Camus – Cambodia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_championii/JdN2bcNm">Quercus championii</a> Benth. – # China, <a href="/facts/Taiwan/VcJoUD8w">Taiwan</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_chevalieri/UtRpX93d">Quercus chevalieri</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # China, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_chrysocalyx/Mjr2TotW">Quercus chrysocalyx</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # Vietnam</li>
<li>Quercus chrysotricha A.Camus – Borneo (Sarawak)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_chungii/H7BDPgt6">Quercus chungii</a> F.P.Metcalf – # China</li>
<li>Quercus ciliaris C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – China (Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Anhui)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_daimingshanensis/wIA2MWwc">Quercus daimingshanensis</a> (S.K.Lee) C.C.Huang – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_dankiaensis/mjplvrIk">Quercus dankiaensis</a> A.Camus — # Vietnam (<a href="/facts/Endemic/xt4IpIsl">endemic</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_delavayi/IYCGqkHd">Quercus delavayi</a> Franch. – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_delicatula/5JKvsgps">Quercus delicatula</a> Chun & Tsiang – # China</li>
<li>Quercus dilacerata Hickel & A.Camus – northern Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_dinghuensis/WAG7em1g">Quercus dinghuensis</a> C.C.Huang – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_disciformis/RdQtTD2M">Quercus disciformis</a> Chun & Tsiang – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_donnaiensis/lWMdKMkF">Quercus donnaiensis</a> A.Camus – southeastern Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_edithiae/42RD8vFy">Quercus edithiae</a> Skan – # China, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_elevaticostata/D2071B8R">Quercus elevaticostata</a> (Q.F.Zheng) C.C.Huang – # <a href="/facts/Fujian/Knjv0XCG">Fujian</a> (China)</li>
<li>Quercus elmeri Merr. – Sumatra, Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia</li>
<li>Quercus eumorpha Kurz – southern Myanmar</li>
<li>Quercus fuliginosa Chun & W.C.Ko – Hainan</li>
<li>Quercus gaharuensis Soepadmo – western Borneo, eastern Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_gambleana/85Ih4qA8">Quercus gambleana</a> A.Camus – # China, India</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_gemelliflora/rX4nG4og">Quercus gemelliflora</a> Blume – # Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_gilva/0JupuafF">Quercus gilva</a> Blume – # Japan, Taiwan, China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_glauca/yDTAV1s8">Quercus glauca</a> Thunb. – ring-cupped oak – # from <a href="/facts/Afghanistan/v63Auu1C">Afghanistan</a> to Japan and Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_gomeziana/S8RmVThc">Quercus gomeziana</a> A.Camus – # Vietnam</li>
<li>Quercus gracilenta Chun – China (Guangdong)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_helferiana/bBc2kQVK">Quercus helferiana</a> A.DC. – # China, India, <a href="/facts/Burma/zcqQH2oE">Burma</a>/Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hondae/wcdXJfbB">Quercus hondae</a> Makino – # <a href="/facts/Ky%25C5%25ABsh%25C5%25AB/eM5yaMe3">Kyūshū</a> (Japan)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hui/vJVBUSWL">Quercus hui</a> Chun – China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hypargyrea/3Sgvwop8">Quercus hypargyrea</a> (Seemen ex Diels) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang (as Q. multinervis) — # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_hypophaea/eHoB1FAS">Quercus hypophaea</a> Hayata – # Taiwan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_jenseniana/xmyaKIg8">Quercus jenseniana</a> Hand.-Mazz. – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_jinpinensis/vo8h3dlx">Quercus jinpinensis</a> (Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen) C.C.Huang – # China</li>
<li>Quercus kerangasensis Soepadmo – Borneo</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_kerrii/IhJFN2qj">Quercus kerrii</a> Craib – Kerr's oak – # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly China</li>
<li>Quercus kinabaluensis Soepadmo – <a href="/facts/Borneo/1aIGfyvV">Borneo</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_kiukiangensis/TmwGpz49">Quercus kiukiangensis</a> (Y.T.Chang) Y.T.Chang – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_kouangsiensis/3zMVv1kR">Quercus kouangsiensis</a> A.Camus – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lamellosa/bCsqI53w">Quercus lamellosa</a> Sm. – # <a href="/facts/Himalayas/eRSf0yyE">Himalayas</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_langbianensis/f1c1V0Gn">Quercus langbianensis</a> Hickel & A.Camus (syn. Q. camusiae) – # <a href="/facts/Cambodia/t1wJd6GU">Cambodia</a>, China, Vietnam</li>
<li>Quercus lenticellata Barnett – northern Thailand</li>
<li>Quercus liaoi C.F.Shen – Taiwan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lineata/4JJCxw0x">Quercus lineata</a> Blume – # Assam, Bangladesh, Indochina, Hainan, Malaysia, western Indonesia</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_litseoides/XBDBY9ch">Quercus litseoides</a> Dunn – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lobbii/I12WrYr1">Quercus lobbii</a> Hook.f. & Thomson ex Ettingsh. – # China, India</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_longinux/QbkIyIWJ">Quercus longinux</a> Hayata – # Taiwan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lowii/7nkLPGLF">Quercus lowii</a> King – # Borneo</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_lungmaiensis/d2Y8CMkP">Quercus lungmaiensis</a> (Hu) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – # <a href="/facts/Yunnan/Q924cyfE">Yunnan</a> (China)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_macrocalyx/hD9z4S0D">Quercus macrocalyx</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # Vietnam</li>
<li>Quercus meihuashanensis (Q.F.Zheng) C.C.Huang – China (Fujian)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_merrillii/5vy9GPRQ">Quercus merrillii</a> Seemen – # <a href="/facts/Sabah/bfYrmM2J">Sabah</a> and <a href="/facts/Sarawak/jLxI3WQo">Sarawak</a> (Malaysia), <a href="/facts/Palawan/jun0la0I">Palawan</a> (<a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV">Philippines</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_mespilifolia/hNfIfc5h">Quercus mespilifolia</a> Wall. ex A.DC. – # Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_miyagii/B71odG0L">Quercus miyagii</a> (orth. var. Q. miyagei) — Ryukyu Islands</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_morii/LskA9dGC">Quercus morii</a> Hayata – # Taiwan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_motuoensis/VaJyvjhl">Quercus motuoensis</a> C.C.Huang – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_myrsinifolia/r6BbCyqr">Quercus myrsinifolia</a> Blume (syn. Q. neglecta) – bamboo-leaf oak – # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ningangensis/qzxWR1IU">Quercus ningangensis</a> (orth. var. Q. ninggangensis) — # China</li>
<li>Quercus nivea King – Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_oidocarpa/crQCP9Lm">Quercus oidocarpa</a> Korth. – Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Bangka)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_oxyodon/bj6pS1z1">Quercus oxyodon</a> Miq. (syn. Q. songtavanensis) – # <a href="/facts/Assam/64Hs7TwB">Assam</a>, Myanmar, China, <a href="/facts/Bhutan/fSRsLss9">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/facts/Nepal/yWCzTBR2">Nepal</a>, northern Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pachyloma/1Q0mMUs6">Quercus pachyloma</a> Seemen – # China, Taiwan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_pentacycla/j9sAUKAN">Quercus pentacycla</a> Y.T.Chang – # China</li>
<li>Quercus percoriacea Soepadmo – Borneo</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_petelotii/uxkyEdkX">Quercus petelotii</a> A.Camus – # Vietnam (<a href="/facts/Endemic/xt4IpIsl">endemic</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_phanera/nt0nI4XG">Quercus phanera</a> Chun – # China</li>
<li>Quercus pinbianensis (Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – China (Yunnan)</li>
<li>Quercus platycalyx Hickel & A.Camus – Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_poilanei/DSmLs4AB">Quercus poilanei</a> (orth. var. Q. poilanii) — # China, Thailand, Vietnam</li>
<li>Quercus pseudoverticillata Soepadmo – Borneo</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_quangtriensis/Iegsy3uP">Quercus quangtriensis</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_ramsbottomii/SEw1hPrN">Quercus ramsbottomii</a> A.Camus – Myanmar, Thailand</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_rex/fFKjuhfM">Quercus rex</a> Hemsl. – # China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_rupestris/sFUNvbqJ">Quercus rupestris</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # Vietnam (<a href="/facts/Endemic/xt4IpIsl">endemic</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_salicina/8C6Jw13N">Quercus salicina</a> Blume – # Japan, <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_saravanensis/4odHY8CY">Quercus saravanensis</a> A.Camus – # China, Laos, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_schottkyana/JrwMT1IN">Quercus schottkyana</a> Rehder & E.H.Wilson – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_semiserrata/EECbu1SJ">Quercus semiserrata</a> Roxb. – # China, <a href="/facts/Bangladesh/NXk4f78Y">Bangladesh</a>, India, Myanmar, Thailand</li>
<li>Quercus semiserratoides (Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – China (southeastern Yunnan)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sessilifolia/pfS9CTz1">Quercus sessilifolia</a> Blume – # Japan, Taiwan, China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sichourensis/leDUjKXB">Quercus sichourensis</a> (Y.C.Hsu) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – # <a href="/facts/Yunnan/Q924cyfE">Yunnan</a> (China)</li>
<li>Quercus steenisii Soepadmo – northern Sumatra</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_stenophylloides/rTcUt2f1">Quercus stenophylloides</a> Hayata – # Taiwan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_stewardiana/Hprmacht">Quercus stewardiana</a> A.Camus – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_subsericea/sAQ6oKqz">Quercus subsericea</a> A.Camus – # Sumatra, Borneo, western Java, Malay Peninsula</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_sumatrana/WSSxkwL6">Quercus sumatrana</a> Soepadmo – # Sumatra and Borneo</li>
<li>Quercus thomsoniana A.DC. – Sikkim, Bhutan, northern Bangladesh</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_thorelii/UbFU26GX">Quercus thorelii</a> Hickel & A.Camus – # China, Laos, Vietnam</li>
<li>Quercus tiaoloshanica Chun & W.C.Ko – Hainan</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_tomentosinervis/kWqrWpkA">Quercus tomentosinervis</a> (Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen) C.C.Huang – # China</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_treubiana/DWnf6VVy">Quercus treubiana</a> Seemen – # <a href="/facts/Sumatra/Fo192kJb">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/facts/Borneo/1aIGfyvV">Borneo</a></li>
<li>Quercus valdinervosa Soepadmo – Borneo</li>
<li>Quercus vestita Griff. – Assam</li>
<li>Quercus xanthoclada Drake – Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_xanthotricha/UheL71qr">Quercus xanthotricha</a> A.Camus – # China, Laos, Vietnam</li>
<li>Quercus xuanlienensis H.T.Binh, Ngoc & T.N.Bo – Vietnam<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quercus_yonganensis/wL1LtSXd">Quercus yonganensis</a> L.K.Ling & C.C.Huang – # China</li></ul>

<h2 id="section-uncertain">Section uncertain</h2>
<ul><li>Quercus changhualingensis (G.A.Fu & X.J.Hong) N.H.Xia & Y.H.Tong – Hainan</li>
<li>Quercus dongfangensis C.C.Huang, F.W.Xing & Ze X.Li – Hainan</li>
<li>Quercus yanqianii (G.A.Fu) N.H.Xia & Y.H.Tong – Hainan</li></ul>
<h2 id="intersectional-hybrids">Intersectional hybrids</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Quercus_%25C3%2597_turneri/G1r9Jw6n">Quercus × turneri</a> = <a href="/facts/Quercus_ilex/JxoAq5p8">Quercus ilex</a> × <a href="/facts/Quercus_robur/P1fKs5oj">Quercus robur</a> — sect. Ilex × sect. Quercus – Turner's oak — Spain</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus.

<ul><li>Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=127839">"Quercus"</a>. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1">Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)</a>. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, <a href="/facts/Missouri_Botanical_Garden/MICxIGSa">Missouri Botanical Garden</a>, St. Louis, MO & <a href="/facts/Harvard_University_Herbaria/QKEo3zjy">Harvard University Herbaria</a>, Cambridge, MA.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=127839">"Quercus"</a>. Flora of China – via eFloras.org, <a href="/facts/Missouri_Botanical_Garden/MICxIGSa">Missouri Botanical Garden</a>, St. Louis, MO & <a href="/facts/Harvard_University_Herbaria/QKEo3zjy">Harvard University Herbaria</a>, Cambridge, MA.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=108828">"Cyclobalanopsis"</a>. Flora of China – via eFloras.org, <a href="/facts/Missouri_Botanical_Garden/MICxIGSa">Missouri Botanical Garden</a>, St. Louis, MO & <a href="/facts/Harvard_University_Herbaria/QKEo3zjy">Harvard University Herbaria</a>, Cambridge, MA.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Quercus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-17. <a href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325819-2" target="_blank">https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325819-2</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Quercus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-17. <a href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325819-2" target="_blank">https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325819-2</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-17. <a href="https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1" target="_blank">https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Borgardt, S. J.; Pigg, K. B. (1999). "Anatomical and developmental study of petrified Quercus (Fagaceae) fruits from the Middle Miocene, Yakima Canyon, Washington, USA". American Journal of Botany. 86 (3): 307–325. doi:10.2307/2656753. JSTOR 2656753. PMID 10077494. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Carrero, Christina; Jerome, Diana; Beckman, Emily; Byrne, Amy; Coombes, Allen J.; Deng, Min; González Rodríguez, Antonio; Sam, Hoang Van; Khoo, Eyen; Nguyen, Ngoc; Robiansyah, Iyan; Rodríguez Correa, Hernando; Sang, Julia; Song, Yi-Gang; Strijk, Joeri; Sugau, John; Sun, Weibang; Valencia-Ávalos, Susana & Westwood, Murphy (2020). The Red List of Oaks 2020 (PDF). Lisle, IL: The Morton Arboretum. Retrieved 2023-02-24. <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/557dec57e4b0c3993deb6044/t/60ba66607de08b6cc5e42d00/1622828642301/RedListOaks2020.pdf" target="_blank">https://static1.squarespace.com/static/557dec57e4b0c3993deb6044/t/60ba66607de08b6cc5e42d00/1622828642301/RedListOaks2020.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Kershner, Bruce, and Craig Tufts. National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America. New York: Sterling Pub., 2008. Print. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-17. <a href="https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1" target="_blank">https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5. <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Backs, J.R. & Ashley, M.V. (2021). "Quercus Conservation Genetics and Genomics: Past, Present, and Future". Forests. 12 (7): 882. Bibcode:2021Fore...12..882B. doi:10.3390/f12070882. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Backs, J.R. & Ashley, M.V. (2021). "Quercus Conservation Genetics and Genomics: Past, Present, and Future". Forests. 12 (7): 882. Bibcode:2021Fore...12..882B. doi:10.3390/f12070882. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

List of Quercus species open-in-new

List of Quercus species