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Meat extract
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<h2 id="commercialization">Commercialization</h2> <h3>Liebig's Extract of Meat Company</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Liebig%2527s_Extract_of_Meat_Company/sdWqASUM">Liebig's Extract of Meat Company</a></p> <p>Liebig went on to co-found the <a href="/facts/Liebig%2527s_Extract_of_Meat_Company/sdWqASUM">Liebig's Extract of Meat Company</a>, (later <a href="/facts/Oxo_(food)/b55DFp3k">Oxo</a>), in <a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London</a> whose factory, opened in 1865 in <a href="/facts/Fray_Bentos/DxdMwoWC">Fray Bentos</a>, a port in <a href="/facts/Uruguay/X6V0apCb">Uruguay</a>, took advantage of meat from cattle being raised for their hides — at one third the price of British meat. Before that, it was the Giebert et Compagnie (April 1863). </p> <h3>Bovril</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Bovril/Con8MTqh">Bovril</a></p> <p>In the 1870s, <a href="/facts/John_Lawson_Johnston/1JxffJXc">John Lawson Johnston</a> invented 'Johnston's Fluid Beef', later renamed <a href="/facts/Bovril/Con8MTqh">Bovril</a>. Unlike Liebig's meat extract, Bovril also contained flavourings. It was manufactured in <a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk">Argentina</a> and <a href="/facts/Uruguay/X6V0apCb">Uruguay</a> which could provide cheap <a href="/facts/Cattle/44qV9B6S">cattle</a>. </p> <h3>Effects</h3> <p>Liebig and Bovril were important contributors to the beef industry in <a href="/facts/South_America/PhrFEMk7">South America</a>. </p> <h3>Bonox</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Bonox/uQ1PpS9p">Bonox</a></p> <p>On the market in 1919 and created by the Fred Walker and Company Bonox is manufactured in <a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq">Australia</a>. When it was created it was often offered as an alternative hot drink with it being common to offer "Coffee, tea or Bonox".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="today">Today</h2> <p>Meat extracts have largely been supplanted by <a href="/facts/Bouillon_cubes/2KfVwTnQ">bouillon cubes</a> and <a href="/facts/Yeast_extract/q0ILhM2r">yeast extract</a>. Some brands of meat extract, such as Oxo and Bovril, now contain yeast extract as well as meat extract. For example, the current formulation of Bovril contains 41% beef stock, 24% yeast extract, 1% dehydrated beef and salt (388 mg <a href="/facts/Sodium/eYuSPu2V">sodium</a> per 100g), spice extracts and <a href="/facts/Flavoring/sGR38zXy">flavor enhancers</a> among other ingredients.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> High purity meat extract is still available from laboratory supply companies for microbiology.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Food portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_dried_foods/4DoLkxef">List of dried foods</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Coconut_oil/mULGkRTS">Coconut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Culinary_arts/ekcLxQhq">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Portable_soup/DbtszcPF">Portable soup</a></li></ul> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Günther Klaus Judel, "<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194634/http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2004/1381/pdf/SdF-2003-1_2b.pdf">Die Geschichte von Liebigs Fleischextrakt: Zur populärsten Erfindung des berühmten Chemikers</a>" (The History of Liebig's Meat Extract: On the famous chemist's most popular invention), <i>Spiegel der Forschung: Wissenschaftsmagazin der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen</i> 20:1/2:6, October 2003. (in German)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Brock, William H. (1997). Justus von Liebig : the chemical gatekeeper. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–219. ISBN 9780521562249. <a href="9780521562249" target="_blank">9780521562249</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Kraft Online: Virtual Museum - 1910s". Kraft. Kraft Foods Limited. 2005. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 12 May 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050311025801/http://www.kraft.com.au/virtualMuseum/decades/index.cfm?Page=decades1910" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20050311025801/http://www.kraft.com.au/virtualMuseum/decades/index.cfm?Page=decades1910</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Justinevb (2 August 2013). "Bovril Beef Extract 125g (Product Information)". Ocado website. Ocado. Retrieved 22 June 2014. <a href="http://www.ocado.com/webshop/product/Bovril-Beef-Extract/11119011?sku=11119011&parentContainer=109124" target="_blank">http://www.ocado.com/webshop/product/Bovril-Beef-Extract/11119011?sku=11119011&parentContainer=109124</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Meat extract". sigmaaldrich.com. Retrieved 2 April 2023. <a href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/70164" target="_blank">http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/70164</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>