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Quadrangular castle
Type of castle

A quadrangular castle or courtyard castle is a type of castle characterised by ranges of buildings which are integral with the curtain walls, enclosing a central ward or quadrangle, and typically with angle towers. There is no keep and frequently no distinct gatehouse. The quadrangular form predominantly dates from the mid to late fourteenth century and signals the transition from defensively to domestically oriented great houses. The four walls are also known as ranges.

Quadrangular castles typically display a sophisticated and complex approach to the planning of internal social spaces. There are many quadrangular castles around the UK, for example: Bodiam Castle in East Sussex, and Bolton Castle.

The 27 quadrangular castles identified by John Rickard as being built in England consist roughly 10% of the castles built in the country between 1272 and 1422. No castles of this design were built in Wales.

One of the earliest quadrangular castles in Germany is Neuleiningen, of which substantial ruins remain.

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List of quadrangular castles in the United Kingdom

NameLocationCoordinatesConstructedBuilt forDesigned byHeritage statusImage
Beverston CastleCotswold51°38′39″N 2°12′05″W / 51.6442°N 2.20139°W / 51.6442; -2.201391225Maurice de GauntThomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron BerkeleyanonymousGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Bodiam CastleEast Sussex51°00′08″N 0°32′37″E / 51.00226°N 0.54353°E / 51.00226; 0.543531385Edward DalyngriggeanonymousGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Bolton CastleNorth Yorkshire54°19′20″N 1°57′00″W / 54.3221°N 1.94991°W / 54.3221; -1.949911379Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of BoltonJohn LewynGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Caverswall CastleStaffordshire Moorlands52°58′57″N 2°04′29″W / 52.9826°N 2.0746°W / 52.9826; -2.07461275William de Caverswall [d]anonymousGrade I listed building
Cawood CastleNorth Yorkshire53°49′53″N 1°07′40″W / 53.8313°N 1.1278°W / 53.8313; -1.12781378John KempanonymousGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Chideock Castle [d]Dorset50°44′03″N 2°49′06″W / 50.7343°N 2.81825°W / 50.7343; -2.818251370sSir John Chideock [d]anonymousscheduled monument
Chillingham CastleNorthumberland55°31′34″N 1°54′18″W / 55.526°N 1.905°W / 55.526; -1.9051344Sir Thomas Heton [d]anonymousGrade I listed building
Cooling CastleMedway51°27′20″N 0°31′22″E / 51.4555°N 0.522732°E / 51.4555; 0.5227321380sJohn de Cobham, 3rd Baron CobhamHenry YeveleGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Danby CastleNorth Yorkshire54°27′20″N 0°53′43″W / 54.4555°N 0.895197°W / 54.4555; -0.8951971302William Latimer, 1st Lord Latimer [d]anonymousGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Farleigh Hungerford CastleSomerset51°19′03″N 2°17′13″W / 51.3174°N 2.2869°W / 51.3174; -2.28691383Thomas HungerfordanonymousGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Ford CastleNorthumberland55°37′53″N 2°05′25″W / 55.6314°N 2.09025°W / 55.6314; -2.090251338Sir William Heron [d]anonymousGrade I listed building
Fyvie CastleAberdeenshire57°26′36″N 2°23′42″W / 57.4433°N 2.3949°W / 57.4433; -2.39491300sanonymousanonymouscategory A listed building
Greys CourtSouth Oxfordshire51°32′42″N 0°57′22″W / 51.545°N 0.956164°W / 51.545; -0.9561641348John de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de RotherfieldFrancis Knollys, 1st Viscount KnollysBaron LovelanonymousGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Greystoke CastleWestmorland and Furness54°40′12″N 2°52′37″W / 54.66998°N 2.87705°W / 54.66998; -2.877051353William de Greystoke, 2nd Baron GreystokeanonymousGrade II* listed building
Hartley CastleWestmorland and Furness54°28′09″N 2°20′12″W / 54.4691°N 2.33655°W / 54.4691; -2.336551353Thomas de Musgrave [d]Sir Richard Musgrave, 1st Baronetanonymousscheduled monumentGrade II listed building
Hemyock CastleMid Devon50°54′45″N 3°13′54″W / 50.9125°N 3.23156°W / 50.9125; -3.231561380Margaret and William Asthorpeanonymousscheduled monumentGrade II* listed building
Hever CastleHever51°11′13″N 0°06′50″E / 51.186944°N 0.113889°E / 51.186944; 0.1138891271William de Hever [d]anonymousGrade I listed building
Inverlochy CastleHighland56°49′57″N 5°04′52″W / 56.8326°N 5.081°W / 56.8326; -5.0811270sClan Cumminganonymouscategory B listed building
Lumley CastleCounty Durham54°51′17″N 1°33′11″W / 54.8547°N 1.55293°W / 54.8547; -1.552931389Ralph de Lumley, 1st Baron LumleyJohn LewynJohn VanbrughGrade I listed building
Maxstoke CastleWarwickshire52°29′58″N 1°40′18″W / 52.4994°N 1.67167°W / 52.4994; -1.671671345William de Clinton, 1st Earl of HuntingdonanonymousGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Moor End CastleNorthamptonshire52°05′42″N 0°54′01″W / 52.0949°N 0.900155°W / 52.0949; -0.9001551347Edward III of EnglandThomas de Ferrers [d]anonymousscheduled monument
Raby CastleCounty Durham54°35′27″N 1°48′06″W / 54.59092°N 1.80175°W / 54.59092; -1.801751378House of NevilleJohn LewynGrade I listed building
Ravensworth CastleTyne and Wear54°55′34″N 1°38′18″W / 54.9262°N 1.6384°W / 54.9262; -1.63841350sMarmaduke LumleyanonymousGrade II* listed buildingscheduled monument
Sheriff Hutton CastleNorth Yorkshire54°05′17″N 1°00′19″W / 54.0881°N 1.00519°W / 54.0881; -1.005191382John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de RabyJohn LewynGrade II* listed buildingscheduled monument
Shirburn CastleSouth Oxfordshire51°39′27″N 0°59′38″W / 51.6576°N 0.9938°W / 51.6576; -0.99381377Warin de Lisle [d]Henry YeveleGrade I listed building
Somerton CastleNorth Kesteven53°07′03″N 0°34′34″W / 53.1174°N 0.57616°W / 53.1174; -0.576161281Antony BekanonymousGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
Starborough CastleSurrey51°10′42″N 0°02′19″E / 51.1783°N 0.0386396°E / 51.1783; 0.03863961341Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobhamanonymousscheduled monumentGrade II* listed building
Sudeley CastleGloucestershire51°33′54″N 1°34′20″W / 51.5650°N 1.5722°W / 51.5650; -1.57221443Ralph Boteler, 1st Baron SudeleyanonymousGrade I listed building
Westenhanger CastleKentShepway51°05′40″N 1°01′53″E / 51.0944°N 1.03144°E / 51.0944; 1.031441343John de Criol [d]Edward Poyningsanonymousscheduled monumentGrade I listed building
Wingfield CastleMid Suffolk52°20′52″N 1°15′41″E / 52.3479°N 1.2614°E / 52.3479; 1.26141384Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of SuffolkanonymousGrade I listed building
Woodcroft CastleCambridgeshire52°37′35″N 0°19′02″W / 52.6263°N 0.3172°W / 52.6263; -0.31721280anonymousanonymousGrade II* listed building
Woodsford Castle [d]Dorset50°42′45″N 2°20′38″W / 50.7126°N 2.34389°W / 50.7126; -2.343891336William de Whitefield [d]Guy de Bryan, 1st Baron BryananonymousGrade I listed building
Wressle CastleEast Riding of Yorkshire53°46′32″N 0°55′45″W / 53.7755°N 0.929291°W / 53.7755; -0.9292911390sThomas Percy, 1st Earl of WorcesterHenry Percy, 5th Earl of NorthumberlandJohn LewynGrade I listed buildingscheduled monument
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References

  1. Faulkner, P (1958). "Domestic planning from the 12th to the 14th centuries". Archaeological Journal. 115: 150–83. doi:10.1080/00665983.1958.10854132. /wiki/Archaeological_Journal

  2. Faulkner, P (1963). "Castle planning in the fourteenth century". Archaeological Journal. 120: 215–35. doi:10.1080/00665983.1963.10854241. /wiki/Doi_(identifier)

  3. Rickard, John (2002). The castle community: the personnel of English and Welsh castles : 1272 - 1422 (1. publ. ed.). Woodbridge: Boydell. p. 21. ISBN 9780851159133. 9780851159133