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Mahmoud Zakzouk
Egyptian academic

Mahmoud Zakzouk was an Egyptian politician and academic. He served as minister of religious endowment of Egypt from 1995 to 2011.

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Early life and education

Zakzouk was born in Dakahlia, Egypt, on 27 December 1933.123 He obtained a bachelor's degree in languages from Al Azhar University in 1959.4 Then he received a master's degree from the same university in 1960.56 He also received a PhD in philosophy from Munich University in 1968.78 His PhD thesis dealt with the comparison of the philosophical approaches of Descartes and Al-Ghazali.9

Career

Zakzouk was a professor of philosophy and taught philosophy at his alma mater, Al Azhar University.10 He joined the university in 1968.11 From 1972 to 1976 he was visiting professor in Libya and from 1980 to 1984 in Qatar.12 He served as the dean of the Islamic Theology Faculty at Al Azhar from 1987 to 1995.13 He was appointed minister of religious endowments (Awqaf) in 1995 and was in office until the Revolution of 2011 when he was removed.14

Zakzouk served as head of the Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs to which he was appointed in 1996.1516 He held the following posts: vice president of Al Azhar University (1995), member of the Islamic Research Academy, member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts in Salzburg17 and head of the Egyptian Society of Philosophy.18

In July 2016, Zakzouk received the bishop Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot to give him a tour of Al Azhar University upon the request of Pope Francis and to discuss the formal resumption of dialogue between the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and Al Azhar University.1920

Views

Zakzouk argued in 2006 that the Baháʼí Faith "is 'not a revealed religion' for Muslims and thus not subject to special protection in Egypt."21 He also publicly claimed that capital punishment for converts, more specifically those Muslim-born persons who convert to other religious beliefs, is legal.22 In 2007, he called on Egyptian imams to condemn the practice of female genital mutilation.23

Zakzouk frowned on the use of the niqab. He expelled a counsellor wearing the niqab from a meeting at his ministry, and stated "the religious counsellor should set an example of moderation. By wearing the niqab, this female counsellor promotes a tradition not demanded by Islam".24

In 2010, Zakzouk announced a plan to unify the Adhan, but the religious affairs committee in the parliament refused his proposal. Seven years later, actress Shereen Reda and the Minister of Religious Affairs, Gaber Tayae, relaunched Zakzouk's suggestions through a press campaign.2526

Personal life and death

Zakzouk was married and had one child.27 He died on 1 April 2020.282930

Prizes

  • 1997: Egyptian State Prize for Social Sciences31

Works

Zakzouk published many scientific articles and books, including On Philosophy Culture and Peace in Islam,32 On the Role of Islam in the Development of Philosophical Thought (1989), Al Ghazalis Philosophie im Vergleich mit Descartes (Comparison of Al Ghazali's Philosophy with that of Descartes, 1992), Fragen zum Thema Islam (Questions on Islam, 1999) and Einführung in den Islam (Introduction to Islam, 2000).33 He also contributed to The End of Tolerance? which was published in 2002.34 The book focuses on interfaith origins of tolerance.35

  • Media related to Mahmoud Zakzouk at Wikimedia Commons

References

  1. "Ministry of Waqfs (Endowments)". SIS. Retrieved 30 August 2013. http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=391 ↩

  2. "Professor Dr. Mahmoud Hamdi Zakzouk". Robert Bosch Stiftung. Retrieved 30 August 2013. https://www.bosch-stiftung.de/content/language2/html/8513.asp ↩

  3. Publitec Publications, ed. (2007). Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008 (18th ed.). Beirut: Publitec Publications. p. 846. doi:10.1515/9783110930047. ISBN 9783598077357. 9783598077357 ↩

  4. Publitec Publications, ed. (2007). Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008 (18th ed.). Beirut: Publitec Publications. p. 846. doi:10.1515/9783110930047. ISBN 9783598077357. 9783598077357 ↩

  5. "Professor Dr. Mahmoud Hamdi Zakzouk". Robert Bosch Stiftung. Retrieved 30 August 2013. https://www.bosch-stiftung.de/content/language2/html/8513.asp ↩

  6. Publitec Publications, ed. (2007). Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008 (18th ed.). Beirut: Publitec Publications. p. 846. doi:10.1515/9783110930047. ISBN 9783598077357. 9783598077357 ↩

  7. Publitec Publications, ed. (2007). Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008 (18th ed.). Beirut: Publitec Publications. p. 846. doi:10.1515/9783110930047. ISBN 9783598077357. 9783598077357 ↩

  8. P. Koslowski, ed. (2002). "Contributors". Progress, Apocalypse, and Completion of History and Life After Death of the Human Person in the World Religions. Dordrecht; Boston, MA; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-4020-0647-0. 978-1-4020-0647-0 ↩

  9. "Mahmoud Hamdi Zakzouk". DAAD. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013. https://www.daad.de/alumni/netzwerke/vip-galerie/nordafrika/12812.en.html ↩

  10. "Mahmoud Hamdi Zakzouk". DAAD. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013. https://www.daad.de/alumni/netzwerke/vip-galerie/nordafrika/12812.en.html ↩

  11. P. Koslowski, ed. (2002). "Contributors". Progress, Apocalypse, and Completion of History and Life After Death of the Human Person in the World Religions. Dordrecht; Boston, MA; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-4020-0647-0. 978-1-4020-0647-0 ↩

  12. "Professor Dr. Mahmoud Hamdi Zakzouk". Robert Bosch Stiftung. Retrieved 30 August 2013. https://www.bosch-stiftung.de/content/language2/html/8513.asp ↩

  13. P. Koslowski, ed. (2002). "Contributors". Progress, Apocalypse, and Completion of History and Life After Death of the Human Person in the World Religions. Dordrecht; Boston, MA; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-4020-0647-0. 978-1-4020-0647-0 ↩

  14. "Mahmoud Hamdi Zakzouk". DAAD. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013. https://www.daad.de/alumni/netzwerke/vip-galerie/nordafrika/12812.en.html ↩

  15. P. Koslowski, ed. (2002). "Contributors". Progress, Apocalypse, and Completion of History and Life After Death of the Human Person in the World Religions. Dordrecht; Boston, MA; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-4020-0647-0. 978-1-4020-0647-0 ↩

  16. "Conferences". Al Azhar. Retrieved 30 August 2013. http://elazhar.com/conferences_eu/13/11.asp ↩

  17. "Mahmoud Hamdi Zakzouk". DAAD. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013. https://www.daad.de/alumni/netzwerke/vip-galerie/nordafrika/12812.en.html ↩

  18. P. Koslowski, ed. (2002). "Contributors". Progress, Apocalypse, and Completion of History and Life After Death of the Human Person in the World Religions. Dordrecht; Boston, MA; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-4020-0647-0. 978-1-4020-0647-0 ↩

  19. Carol Glatz. (12 July 2016). Vatican working to re-establish dialogue with leading Sunni university, Catholicherald.com http://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/07/12/vatican-working-to-re-establish-dialogue-with-leading-sunni-university/ ↩

  20. Elise Harris. (21 February 2017). Vatican, Al Azhar team up to counter religious justification for violence, Cruxnow.com https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2017/02/21/vatican-al-azhar-team-counter-religious-justification-violence/ ↩

  21. David Faris (2010). Revolutions without revolutionaries? Social media networks and regime response in Egypt (PhD thesis). University of Pennsylvania. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/116 ↩

  22. Nina Shea (2011). Silenced: How Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes Are Choking Freedom Worldwide. New York: OUP. p. 70. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199812264.001.0001. ISBN 9780199812264. 9780199812264 ↩

  23. Khaled Diab (14 August 2007). "This article is more than 16 years old Scars that refuse to heal". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 April 2024. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/aug/14/scarsthatrefusetoheal ↩

  24. Yasmine Saleh (14 March 2008). "Zakzouk supports calls to equate women to men in court testimonies". Masress. Retrieved 8 November 2013. http://www.masress.com/en/dailynews/116127 ↩

  25. Farah Tawfeek. (25 December 2017). Azhar Sheikh criticizes Shereen Reda's description of some calls to prayer as 'animal sounds', Egypt Independent https://www.egyptindependent.com/azhar-sheikh-criticizes-shereen-redas-description-of-some-calls-to-prayer-as-animal-sounds/ ↩

  26. Farah Tawfeek. (27 December 2017). Endowments Ministry defends Shereen Reda’s likening of some prayer calls to 'animal sounds', Egypt Independent https://www.egyptindependent.com/endowments-ministry-defends-shereen-redas-likening-of-some-prayer-calls-to-animal-sounds/ ↩

  27. "Ministry of Waqfs (Endowments)". SIS. Retrieved 30 August 2013. http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=391 ↩

  28. "وفاة الدكتور محمود حمدي زقزوق وزير الأوقاف الأسبق عن 87 عامًا | المصري اليوم". www.almasryalyoum.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 1 April 2020. https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1722773 ↩

  29. "Egypt's Mufti mourns death of former Awqaf Minister". Egyptian government. 1 April 2020. https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/145329/Egypt's-Mufti-mourns-death-of-former-Awqaf-Minister?lang=en-us ↩

  30. "Muslim Council of Elders mourns the passing of Council member and reputed Islamic Scholar Mahmoud Zakzouk". Muslim Council of Elders. 2 April 2020. https://www.muslim-elders.com/en/MediaCenter/197 ↩

  31. P. Koslowski, ed. (2002). "Contributors". Progress, Apocalypse, and Completion of History and Life After Death of the Human Person in the World Religions. Dordrecht; Boston, MA; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-4020-0647-0. 978-1-4020-0647-0 ↩

  32. Mahmoud Zakzouk. On Philosophy Culture and Peace in Islam (PDF). Cairo: Shorouk. http://elazhar.com/lib/Culture-E-PDF/p5-132.pdf ↩

  33. "Professor Dr. Mahmoud Hamdi Zakzouk". Robert Bosch Stiftung. Retrieved 30 August 2013. https://www.bosch-stiftung.de/content/language2/html/8513.asp ↩

  34. The End of Tolerance?. ASIN 1857883179. /wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number ↩

  35. The End of Tolerance?. ASIN 1857883179. /wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number ↩