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Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking
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The following is a comparison of both software and protocols that are used for distributed social networking.

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Software

Active

Project NameFeaturesSoftware typeProgramming LanguageLicensePrivacy features, if anyFederation capabilitiesInstance countCurrent status
BlueskyMicrobloggingClient1TypeScriptMITNone (planned)AT Protocol (Personal Data Server, opinionated services)21, theoretically self-hostableActive
diaspora*Status messages, blogging, image sharingClient/serverRubyAGPLv3Post reach can be controlled via "aspects"diaspora* network61 (January 2025)3Active
FriendicaRich profiles, networking groups, community/group/celebrity pages, richtext status (not specifically length limited), photo albums, YouTube share, location, like/dislike, multiple profiles w/assignment to specific friends, single sign-on to post directly to friend's profiles on co-operating systems. Communications encryption. Fans and one-way relationships. Local and global directory services. Ability to restrict connection endpoints.Client/serverPHP, JavaScriptAGPLv3Access controls for content, disappearing messages, private groupsActivityPub, DFRN, diaspora* network, Email, RSS, third-party connections (Tumblr, Twitter, more via plugins)345 (January 2025)4Active
Hubzilla5Decentralised identity and community platform, blogging, rich social networking, cloud storage and internet-scale access control/privacyClient/serverPHP, JavaScriptMITAccess controls for content, private groupsActivityPub, diaspora* network, Zot90 (January 2025)6Active
LemmySocial newsClient/serverRustAGPLv3NoneActivityPub576 (January 2025)7Active
LiberviaMicroblogging, group microblogging, file sharing, games, XMPP clientClient/serverPython, C++AGPLv3Presence authorization, XMPP groupsXMPP, ActivityPub in beta as of 2022[update].8Demo9Active
MastodonMicrobloggingClient/serverRuby, JavaScriptAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPub10156 (January 2025)10Active
Micro.blogMicrobloggingClientUn­knownProprietaryAccess controls for contentActivityPub, AT Protocol (Bluesky crossposting)1Active
MindsMicrobloggingClient/serverPHPAGPLv3NoneActivityPub1Active
MisskeyMicrobloggingClient/serverTypeScriptAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPub1244 (January 2025)11Active
MobilizonEvents, groups, shared foldersClient/serverElixirAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPub106 (January 2025)12Active
MovimXMPP client, news aggregationClient/serverPHPAGPLv3Access controls for content, end-to-end encryption for chatsXMPP16 (January 2025)13Active
PeerTubeVideo sharingClient/serverTypeScriptAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPub1302 (January 2025)14Active
PixelfedImage sharing, similar to InstagramClient/serverPHPAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPub543 (January 2025)15Active
PleromaInstant messaging, microbloggingClient/serverElixirAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPub1020 (January 2025)16Active
Plume17BloggingClient/serverRustAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPub41 (January 2025)18Active
Socialhome19Microblogging, blogging, home page builderClient/serverPython, JavaScriptAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPub, diaspora*9 (January 2025)20Active

Inactive

Project NameFeaturesSoftware typeProgramming LanguageLicensePrivacy features, if anyFederation capabilitiesCurrent status
GNU socialPrimarily microblogging, groupsClient/serverPHPAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPub (via plugin), OStatusStable, last update to both supported major versions circa 2022
Jappix21XMPP client + MicrobloggingClientJavaScript, PHPAGPLv3Presence authorizationsXMPPStable, inactive
Kunereal-time collaborative edition, XMPP chat, groups, calendar, lists, tasks, blogs, Apache Wave inbox (modern email), wave extensions (gadgets, robots), public webpages, profiles, galleries (photos, videos), maps, federation, usabilityClient/serverJavaAGPLv3Access controls for contentXMPP, Wave Federation ProtocolStable, last updated 2017
Numaverse22MicrobloggingClient (peer-to-peer)RubyMITUn­knownEthereum, IPFSBeta, last updated 2018
OneSocialWeb23MicrobloggingOpenfire plugin, clients24JavaApache 2.0Presence authorizations, access controls for contentXMPP, XMPP extensions25Alpha
OpenMicroBloggerUser-toggleable "apps" to add/remove functionality. RSSCloud and partial OStatus (PubSubHubbub) federation as well as Open Microblogging 0.1. Local follow/unfollow. Facebook, Twitter, Flickr integration. (partial) Twitter API support. Fully Restful design, user interface consumes Rest API.ClientMITOpen Microblogging 0.1, RSSCloud, (partial) OStatus (PubSubHubbub)Open Microblogging 0.1, RSSCloud, (partial) OStatus (PubSubHubbub)Alpha
OsadaMicrobloggingServerPHP, JavaScriptAccess controls for contentZot/6, ActivityPubStable
postActivMicrobloggingClient/serverAGPLv3Access controls for contentOStatus, ActivityPub and Zot support proposed but never implementedhomepage and code forge went offline late 2019
Prismo26Link sharingClient/serverRubyAGPLv3Access controls for contentActivityPubNo commits since May 2019
Project Danube1) Sharing personal data with companies/organizations

2) Sharing personal data with "friends"3) Use of personal data for "personal applications"

OStatus, OAuth 2.0, WebFinger, hCard, Portable Contacts, XRI, XDI, PubSubHubbub, SalmonAlpha
Project NoriOStatus, OAuth, Portable Contacts, WebFinger, and other open protocolsAlpha
pump.ioMicrobloggingClient/serverNode.js, JavaScriptApache 2.0Access controls for contentActivityPumpStable, inactive
SMOBMicrobloggingunmaintained
Social-Igniter27friends, places, status, comments, modular apps (messages, blog, cart, media), themes, mobile themes, 3rd party integration (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube), editable widgets,ServerGPLWebfinger, PubSubHubbub, OpenID, OAuth, Activity Streamsalpha
SocialRiver28Client/serverGPL

AGPL

Private messaging, access controlsOStatus,29 OpenID, will add support for OAuthUnmaintained
SocialZE30Client/serverAccess controls for contentOSMP (Open Social Message Protocol)alpha
Sone31microblogging, media library, decentralized spam protectionClient/serverJava, JavaScriptGPLHyphanetbeta

Protocols

Active

Project NameFeaturesLicensePrivacy features, if anySupported appsInstance countCurrent status
ActivityPubActivity Streams, WebFingerReleased as a W3C standardInbox/outbox access controlsMany~30,000Active
ActivityPumpActivity Streams, WebFingerAGPLv3Inbox/outbox access controlsPump.ioInactive, network still online
AT ProtocolModular, microservice-oriented protocol architectureDual (MIT, Apache 2.0)None (planned)32Bluesky~2.4k data servers,33 few servers for other parts of the protocol (January 2025)Active
diaspora* networkStatus messages, blogging, photo sharingAGPLv3Post reach can be controlled via "aspects"diaspora* (social network)61 (January 2025)34Active
FOAFUser relationshipsCC BY 1.0NoneActive
NostrExtensible, based on event objectsPublic domainNoneManyHundreds of relaysActive, stable
OStatusOAuth 2, WebFinger, PubSubHubbub, SalmonAGPLv3NoneGNU social, StatusNetLess than 100Inactive, network still online
Peergos35P2P storage, social network, and application protocolAGPLv3End-to-end encryption for private messagesPeergosUn­knownActive, stable
TwisterPeer-to-peer microbloggingMIT and BSDEnd-to-end encryption for private messagesTwisterUn­knownInactive, network still online
twtxt36MicrobloggingVaried, based on implementationNoneText editorUn­knownActive, stable
XMPPMicrobloggingVaried, based on implementationAccess controls, presence authorization, encryptionManyManyActive, stable

Inactive

Project NameFeaturesLicensePrivacy features, if anyCurrent status
6d37Blog, media library, addressbook, themeable, private messagingMITPost scopes when transmittingAlpha
Aether38Peer-to-peer, ephemeral, self-governing public communities with auditable and democratic moderation.39AGPLv3NoneStable, not updated since 2021
Appleseed (Quicksocial protocol)4041Photos, Journals, Messaging, Groups, Privacy controls, Status Updates, NewsfeedsGPLv2Access controls for contentCancelled
Buddycloud4243Personal and topic channels, Buddycloud directory, channel search, channel recommender, media server, friend-finder, mobile and email push service, location, messagingApache 2.044End-to-end encryption for private messagesStable, last update 2015
Cunity45Friends, Photo Album, Filesharing, Messaging, Pinboard, Newsfeed, Memberlist, Forum, Connecting CunitiesPHPPeer-to-peer transmissionBeta
Diatum46Supports contact and social media appsApache 2.0no commit since 2021, main repository removed, alpha 0.0147
DiSo Project48WordPress plugins49beta (v0.6)
Distributed Social Networking Protocol50DSNPd (server daemon), ChoiceSocial (web interface)51beta (v0.6)
Friend2Friend52Strong encryption, XML for all data exchange, Data is digitally signedLGPLOnly connected to known usersAlpha
Knowee53OpenID Signup, Activity Stream import and export, contact import from Web 2.0 services via XFN and FOAF, automatically updated address book from remote data sources, consolidated profile with RDF/FOAF export, personal SPARQL APIPHP54Dead
Kopal55OpenID, Kopal Connect protocol,56 Kopal Feed microformat57MITalpha
Libertree58Social networkAGPLv3Nonebeta (updated: 2015)
Lorea59Profiles, microblogging, streams, groups, plugins, group mailing lists, tasks, calendar, subgroups, tagclouds (lgg,60 plugins61)GPLstable (seems dead by 2016-12-28)
Mr. Privacy62Email social networkPrivate messagingDead
Multichan 63Anonymous textboard / imageboard network64Public domainNonepaused on 2021-07-01, alpha 1.765
Newebe66one user = one node; microblogging, picture sharing, activity streamAGPLv3alpha (updated: 2016)
NoseRub676869Custom protocolDead
OpenAutonomy70Micro-blogging, RSS aggregation, Cloud storageMITTrusted user list and fine-grained trusted sub-groupsstable (r210)71 (updated: 2015)
OpenLink Data Spaces (ODS)72Profile Management, Blogs, Wikis, Address Books, Calendars, Feed Aggregation, Discussion Forums (includes NNTP support), File Servers (WebDAV based Briefcase).Dual (Commercial and GPL for Open Source Edition)WebIDstable (updated: 2016)
OpenMicroBloggingMicrobloggingAGPLv3NoneDead
psyced73profiles, chat, microbloggingstable (updated: 2016)
Safebook74Peer-to-peer Facebook replacementGPLUntraceable communicationsbeta75
Secure Scuttlebuttsocial networking, messaging, games, development toolsVarious FLOSS licensesEnd-to-end encryption for private messages.Stable
SONIC7677Federation protocol for OSN servicesMITbeta (updated: 2018)
Tent78Profiles, Developer-extensible Post and Profile Types, Data Import, Groups, Privacy Controls, Content versioningMIT (reference implementation)alpha (0.2)
Thimbl79Microbloggingalpha
Zot/Zapsocial network, microblogging, cloud storageMITstable, repository deleted80

See also

References

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