Background information

Operating systems

Features

• Hidden containers: Whether hidden containers (an encrypted container (A) within another encrypted container (B) so the existence of container A can not be established)⁶⁵ can be created for deniable encryption. Note that some modes of operation like CBC with a plain IV can be more prone to watermarking attacks than others.
• Pre-boot authentication: Whether authentication can be required before booting the computer, thus allowing one to encrypt the boot disk.
• Single sign-on: Whether credentials provided during pre-boot authentication will automatically log the user into the host operating system, thus preventing password fatigue and reducing the need to remember multiple passwords.
• Custom authentication: Whether custom authentication mechanisms can be implemented with third-party applications.
• Multiple keys: Whether an encrypted volume can have more than one active key.
• Passphrase strengthening: Whether key strengthening is used with plain text passwords to frustrate dictionary attacks, usually using PBKDF2 or Argon2.
• Hardware acceleration: Whether dedicated cryptographic accelerator expansion cards can be taken advantage of.
• Trusted Platform Module: Whether the implementation can use a TPM cryptoprocessor.
• Filesystems: What filesystems are supported.
• Two-factor authentication: Whether optional security tokens (hardware security modules, such as Aladdin eToken and smart cards) are supported (for example using PKCS#11)

Layering

• Whole disk: Whether the whole physical disk or logical volume can be encrypted, including the partition tables and master boot record. Note that this does not imply that the encrypted disk can be used as the boot disk itself; refer to pre-boot authentication in the features comparison table.
• Partition: Whether individual disk partitions can be encrypted.
• File: Whether the encrypted container can be stored in a file (usually implemented as encrypted loop devices).
• Swap space: Whether the swap space (called a "pagefile" on Windows) can be encrypted individually/explicitly.
• Hibernation file: Whether the hibernation file is encrypted (if hibernation is supported).

Modes of operation

Further information: Disk encryption theory

Different modes of operation supported by the software. Note that an encrypted volume can only use one mode of operation.

• CBC with predictable IVs: The CBC (cipher block chaining) mode where initialization vectors are statically derived from the sector number and are not secret; this means that IVs are re-used when overwriting a sector and the vectors can easily be guessed by an attacker, leading to watermarking attacks.
• CBC with secret IVs: The CBC mode where initialization vectors are statically derived from the encryption key and sector number. The IVs are secret, but they are re-used with overwrites. Methods for this include ESSIV and encrypted sector numbers (CGD).
• CBC with random per-sector keys: The CBC mode where random keys are generated for each sector when it is written to, thus does not exhibit the typical weaknesses of CBC with re-used initialization vectors. The individual sector keys are stored on disk and encrypted with a master key. (See GBDE for details)
• LRW: The Liskov-Rivest-Wagner tweakable narrow-block mode, a mode of operation specifically designed for disk encryption. Superseded by the more secure XTS mode due to security concerns.¹⁶⁹
• XTS: XEX-based Tweaked CodeBook mode (TCB) with CipherText Stealing (CTS), the SISWG (IEEE P1619) standard for disk encryption.
• Authenticated encryption: Protection against ciphertext modification by an attacker

See also

• Cold boot attack
• Comparison of encrypted external drives
• Disk encryption software
• Disk encryption theory
• List of cryptographic file systems

Notes and references

External links

• DiskCryptor vs Truecrypt – Comparison between DiskCryptor and TrueCrypt
• Buyer's Guide to Full Disk Encryption – Overview of full-disk encryption, how it works, and how it differs from file-level encryption

References

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46. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sovworks.edslite Third party app allows to open containers encryptes with AES-256, SHA-512 hash and FAT file system https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sovworks.edslite ↩

47. http://www.truecrypt.org/misc/freebsd Although CipherShed can be built under FreeBSD, it is not recommended to run it because of bugs and instabilities when CipherShed is attempted to be used https://www.truecrypt.org/misc/freebsd ↩

48. CrossCrypt - Only for the Microsoft Windows XP/2000 operating systems ↩

49. http://www.freeotfe.org/docs/Main/Linux_volumes.htm FreeOTFE supports cryptoloop, dm-crypt/cryptsetup/dmsetup, and dm-crypt/LUKS volumes http://www.freeotfe.org/docs/Main/Linux_volumes.htm ↩

50. "Cryptomator - Free Cloud Encryption". http://www.cryptomator.org ↩

51. http://www.freeotfe.org/docs/Main/Linux_volumes.htm FreeOTFE supports cryptoloop, dm-crypt/cryptsetup/dmsetup, and dm-crypt/LUKS volumes http://www.freeotfe.org/docs/Main/Linux_volumes.htm ↩

52. http://www.freeotfe.org/docs/Main/Linux_volumes.htm FreeOTFE supports cryptoloop, dm-crypt/cryptsetup/dmsetup, and dm-crypt/LUKS volumes http://www.freeotfe.org/docs/Main/Linux_volumes.htm ↩

53. "Boxcryptor - Encryption for cloud storage - Window, Mac, Android, iOS". https://www.boxcryptor.com/ ↩

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56. https://code.google.com/p/libfvde/ libfvde supports reading FileVault2 Drive Encryption (FVDE) encrypted volumes https://code.google.com/p/libfvde/ ↩

57. http://www.freeotfe.org/docs/Main/Linux_volumes.htm Supports Linux volumes http://www.freeotfe.org/docs/Main/Linux_volumes.htm ↩

58. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nemesis2.luksmanager&hl=en_GB Third party app allows a user to open LibreCrypt compatible LUKS containers https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nemesis2.luksmanager&hl=en_GB ↩

59. https://github.com/t-d-k/LibreCrypt/blob/master/docs/Linux_volumes.md Supports Linux volumes https://github.com/t-d-k/LibreCrypt/blob/master/docs/Linux_volumes.md ↩

60. "Endpoint Encryption Powered by PGP Technology - Symantec". https://www.broadcom.com/products/cybersecurity ↩

61. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sovworks.edslite Third party app allows to open containers encryptes with AES-256, SHA-512 hash and FAT file system https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sovworks.edslite ↩

62. http://www.truecrypt.org/misc/freebsd Although TrueCrypt can be built under FreeBSD, it is not recommended to run it because of bugs and instabilities when TrueCrypt is attempted to be used https://www.truecrypt.org/misc/freebsd ↩

63. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sovworks.eds.android Third party app allows to encrypt and decrypt VeraCrypt containers (only available in the paid version) https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sovworks.eds.android ↩

64. https://apps.apple.com/de/app/disk-decipher/id516538625 Third party app allows to encrypt and decrypt VeraCrypt containers (only available in the paid version) https://apps.apple.com/de/app/disk-decipher/id516538625 ↩

65. http://www.jetico.com/linux/bcrypt-help/c_hiddn.htm Hidden containers description from Jetico (BestCrypt) http://www.jetico.com/linux/bcrypt-help/c_hiddn.htm ↩

66. Secret-containers and Camouflage files ArchiCrypt Live Description Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine http://www.archicrypt-shop.com/ArchiCrypt-Live.htm ↩

67. Secret-containers and Camouflage files ArchiCrypt Live Description Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine http://www.archicrypt-shop.com/ArchiCrypt-Live.htm ↩

68. Supports "Guest" keys ↩

69. Secret-containers and Camouflage files ArchiCrypt Live Description Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine http://www.archicrypt-shop.com/ArchiCrypt-Live.htm ↩

70. Using "Archicrypt Card" ↩

71. Supported by the BestCrypt container format; see BestCrypt SDK ↩

72. Supported by the BestCrypt Volume Encryption software ↩

73. With PIN or USB key ↩

74. BitLocker Drive Encryption: Value Add Extensibility Options http://download.microsoft.com/download/a/f/7/af7777e5-7dcd-4800-8a0a-b18336565f5b/BitLockerExt.doc ↩

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76. Recovery keys only. ↩

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78. Windows 7 introduces Bitlocker-To-Go which supports NTFS, FAT32 or exFAT, however for hard drive encryption, Windows Vista and later are limited to be installable only on NTFS volumes /wiki/Windows_Vista ↩

79. BitLocker can be used with a TPM PIN + external USB key for two-factor authentication ↩

80. Roland C. Dowdeswell, John Ioannidis. "The CryptoGraphic Disk Driver" (PDF). CGD Design Paper. Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.imrryr.org/~elric/cgd/cgd.pdf ↩

81. Federico Biancuzzi (2005-12-21). "Inside NetBSD's CGD". interview with Roland Dowdeswell. ONLamp.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2006-12-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091538/http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/bsd/2005/12/21/netbsd_cgd.html?page=1 ↩

82. Roland C. Dowdeswell, John Ioannidis. "The CryptoGraphic Disk Driver" (PDF). CGD Design Paper. Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.imrryr.org/~elric/cgd/cgd.pdf ↩

83. Roland C. Dowdeswell, John Ioannidis. "The CryptoGraphic Disk Driver" (PDF). CGD Design Paper. Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.imrryr.org/~elric/cgd/cgd.pdf ↩

84. "Operating Systems Supported for System Encryption" (PDF). CipherShed Documentation. CipherShed Project. Retrieved 2014-12-27. https://github.com/CipherShed/CipherShed/blob/v0.7.3.0-dev/doc/userdocs/guide/CipherShed-User-Guide-0.7.3.0.pdf ↩

85. Although each volume encrypted with CipherShed can only have one active master key, it is possible to access its contents through more than one header. Each header can have a different password and/or keyfiles if any (cf. TrueCrypt FAQ: Is there a way for an administrator to reset a volume password or pre-boot authentication password when a user forgets it (or loses a keyfile)?) https://www.truecrypt.org/faq ↩

86. "Keyfiles". TrueCrypt Documentation. TrueCrypt Foundation. Retrieved 2014-05-28. https://www.truecrypt.org/docs/keyfiles ↩

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89. "CryFS: How it works". Retrieved 2016-09-23. https://www.cryfs.org/howitworks ↩

90. dm-crypt and cryptoloop volumes can be mounted from the initrd before the system is booted /wiki/Initrd ↩

91. dm-crypt and cryptoloop volumes can be mounted from the initrd before the system is booted /wiki/Initrd ↩

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96. "DISK Protect Data Sheet" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-12-02. https://www.becrypt.com/uk/uploads/files/Disk%20Protect%20Standard_.pdf ↩

97. dm-crypt and cryptoloop volumes can be mounted from the initrd before the system is booted /wiki/Initrd ↩

98. "cryptsetup Frequently Asked Questions". Retrieved 2016-01-07. https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/FrequentlyAskedQuestions ↩

99. An external tool can be used to read the key from the TPM and then have the key passed on to dm-crypt/LUKS via the standard input /wiki/Standard_input ↩

100. "Multi level access with separate access credentials, each enabling a different set of functional or logical operations". EISST Ltd. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20070928145451/http://www.eisst.com/products/private_safe/compare/ ↩

101. "Multi level access with separate access credentials, each enabling a different set of functional or logical operations". EISST Ltd. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20070928145451/http://www.eisst.com/products/private_safe/compare/ ↩

102. uses the lower filesystem (stacking) ↩

103. "Intel Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Instructions Set - Rev 3". Intel. Retrieved 2012-07-26. http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-advanced-encryption-standard-aes-instructions-set/ ↩

104. Jacob Appelbaum, Ralf-Philipp Weinmann (2006-12-29). "Unlocking FileVault: An Analysis of Apple's disk encryption" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-01-03. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://events.ccc.de/congress/2006/Fahrplan/attachments/1244-23C3VileFault.pdf ↩

105. Jacob Appelbaum, Ralf-Philipp Weinmann (2006-12-29). "Unlocking FileVault: An Analysis of Apple's disk encryption" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-01-03. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://events.ccc.de/congress/2006/Fahrplan/attachments/1244-23C3VileFault.pdf ↩

106. "Mac OS X 10.7 Lion: the Ars Technica review". Ars Technica. 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2012-01-03. https://arstechnica.com/apple/reviews/2011/07/mac-os-x-10-7.ars/13 ↩

107. FreeOTFE has a modular architecture and set of components to allow 3rd party integration ↩

108. FreeOTFE allows multiple keys to mount the same container file via encrypted keyfiles ↩

109. "FreeBSD Handbook: Encrypting Disk Partitions". Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting.html ↩

110. Poul-Henning Kamp. "GBDE - GEOM Based Disk Encryption" (PDF). GBDE Design Document. Retrieved 2006-12-24. /wiki/Poul-Henning_Kamp ↩

111. Poul-Henning Kamp. "GBDE - GEOM Based Disk Encryption" (PDF). GBDE Design Document. Retrieved 2006-12-24. /wiki/Poul-Henning_Kamp ↩

112. "FreeBSD Handbook: Encrypting Disk Partitions". Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting.html ↩

113. "FreeBSD Handbook: Encrypting Disk Partitions". Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting.html ↩

114. "geli(8) man page in FreeBSD-current". GELI manual page in current FreeBSD. Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geli&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+7-current&format=html ↩

115. "geli(8) man page in FreeBSD-current". GELI manual page in current FreeBSD. Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geli&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+7-current&format=html ↩

116. "FreeBSD Handbook: Encrypting Disk Partitions". Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks-encrypting.html ↩

117. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

118. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

119. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

120. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

121. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

122. Using customization ↩

123. "Intel Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Instructions Set - Rev 3". Intel. Retrieved 2012-07-26. http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-advanced-encryption-standard-aes-instructions-set/ ↩

124. "McAfee Endpoint Encryption" (PDF). McAfee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-17. Retrieved 2012-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20101217175911/http://mcafee.com/us/resources/data-sheets/ds-endpoint-encryption.pdf ↩

125. n-Crypt Pro does not use password authentication— biometric/USB dongle authentication only ↩

126. "PGP Whole Disk Encryption FAQ". PGP Corporation. Archived from the original on 2006-12-24. Retrieved 2006-12-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20061224231228/http://www.pgp.com/products/wholediskencryption/faq.html ↩

127. PGP private keys are always protected by strengthened passphrases ↩

128. "Embedded Security: Trusted Platform Module Technology Comes of Age". Utimaco. Archived from the original on 2006-08-23. Retrieved 2008-03-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20060823075648/http://americas.utimaco.com/encryption/TPM-Technology-Comes-Of-Age.html ↩

129. "Embedded Security: Trusted Platform Module Technology Comes of Age". Utimaco. Archived from the original on 2006-08-23. Retrieved 2008-03-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20060823075648/http://americas.utimaco.com/encryption/TPM-Technology-Comes-Of-Age.html ↩

130. "ThinkVantage Technologies Deployment Guide" (PDF). Lenovo. Retrieved 2008-03-05. http://download.lenovo.com/ibmdl/pub/pc/pccbbs/thinkcentre_pdf/rr30mst.pdf ↩

131. For TrueCrypt containers ↩

132. For TrueCrypt containers ↩

133. "SecureDoc Product Information". WinMagic Inc. Archived from the original on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-03-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20080313174257/http://www.winmagic.com/solutions/securedoc.html ↩

134. optional by using -K OpenBSD Manual Pages: vnconfig(8) https://man.openbsd.org/mount_vnd.8#K ↩

135. "Endpoint Encryption". http://docs.trendmicro.com/en-us/enterprise/endpoint-encryption.aspx ↩

136. "Solutions for Solid-State Drives (SSD) - Endpoint Encryption". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129081340/http://esupport.trendmicro.com/solution/en-US/1058686.aspx ↩

137. "Support for smart card readers - Endpoint Encryption". http://esupport.trendmicro.com/solution/en-US/1059884.aspx ↩

138. The current situation around TrueCrypt project is controversial. On 28.05.2014 after many years of development and broad usage the open-source (although anonymous) project was suddenly stopped, and all previous official materials and complete (encrypt/decrypt) binaries were withdrawn from its website citing some "unfixed security issues" and Windows XP end of support. The technical information herein is valid only for previous versions of TrueCrypt (v7.1a and some earlier). The latest available version (v7.2) is decrypt only, its authenticity and actual reasons behind the move are unclear, and its usage is not recommended. https://www.zdnet.com/article/truecrypt-quits-inexplicable/ https://www.zdnet.com/article/truecrypt-quits-inexplicable/ ↩

139. "Operating Systems Supported for System Encryption". TrueCrypt Documentation. TrueCrypt Foundation. Archived from the original on 2013-01-08. Retrieved 2014-05-28. https://archive.today/20130108161502/http://www.truecrypt.org/docs/?s=sys-encryption-supported-os ↩

140. "Keyfiles". TrueCrypt Documentation. TrueCrypt Foundation. Retrieved 2014-05-28. https://www.truecrypt.org/docs/keyfiles ↩

141. Although each volume encrypted with TrueCrypt can only have one active master key, it is possible to access its contents through more than one header. Each header can have a different password and/or keyfiles if any (cf. TrueCrypt FAQ: Is there a way for an administrator to reset a volume password or pre-boot authentication password when a user forgets it (or loses a keyfile)?) https://www.truecrypt.org/faq ↩

142. "Some encryption programs use TPM to prevent attacks. Will TrueCrypt use it too?". TrueCrypt FAQ. TrueCrypt Foundation. Archived from the original on 2013-04-16. Retrieved 2014-05-28. https://archive.today/20130416052646/http://www.truecrypt.org/faq ↩

143. "Future". TrueCrypt Foundation. Retrieved 2014-05-24.[permanent dead link] https://www.truecrypt.org/future.php ↩

144. "Operating Systems Supported for System Encryption". VeraCrypt Documentation. IDRIX. Retrieved 2017-10-11. https://www.veracrypt.fr/en/Supported%20Systems%20for%20System%20Encryption.html ↩

145. "Whole Hard Disk Encryption Software - BestCrypt Volume Encryption - Jetico Inc. Oy". Archived from the original on 2009-08-29. Retrieved 2009-09-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20090829172925/http://www.jetico.com/data-protection-encryption-bestcrypt-volume-encryption-enterprise/ ↩

146. Within a VHD http://www.howtogeek.com/193013/how-to-create-an-encrypted-container-file-with-bitlocker-on-windows/ https://www.howtogeek.com/193013/how-to-create-an-encrypted-container-file-with-bitlocker-on-windows/ ↩

147. Roland C. Dowdeswell, John Ioannidis. "The CryptoGraphic Disk Driver" (PDF). CGD Design Paper. Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://www.imrryr.org/~elric/cgd/cgd.pdf ↩

148. dm-crypt can encrypt a file-based volume when used with the losetup utility included with all major Linux distributions ↩

149. yes, but the user needs custom scripts: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/slackware-14/luks-encryption-swap-and-hibernate-627958/ http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/slackware-14/luks-encryption-swap-and-hibernate-627958/ ↩

150. Uses proprietary e-Capsule file system not exposed to the OS. ↩

151. Jacob Appelbaum, Ralf-Philipp Weinmann (2006-12-29). "Unlocking FileVault: An Analysis of Apple's disk encryption" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-01-03. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://events.ccc.de/congress/2006/Fahrplan/attachments/1244-23C3VileFault.pdf ↩

152. not technically part of FileVault, but provided by many versions of Mac OS X; can be enabled independently of FileVault ↩

153. Jacob Appelbaum, Ralf-Philipp Weinmann (2006-12-29). "Unlocking FileVault: An Analysis of Apple's disk encryption" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-01-03. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://events.ccc.de/congress/2006/Fahrplan/attachments/1244-23C3VileFault.pdf ↩

154. not technically part of FileVault, but provided by many versions of Mac OS X; can be enabled independently of FileVault ↩

155. http://macmarshal.com/images/Documents/mm_wp_102.pdf[permanent dead link] http://macmarshal.com/images/Documents/mm_wp_102.pdf ↩

156. "Use FileVault to encrypt the startup disk on your Mac". http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4790?viewlocale=en_US&locale=en_US ↩

157. "Mac OS X 10.7 Lion: the Ars Technica review". Ars Technica. 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2012-01-03. https://arstechnica.com/apple/reviews/2011/07/mac-os-x-10-7.ars/13 ↩

158. File-based volume encryption is possible when used with mdconfig(8) utility. http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8 ↩

159. File-based volume encryption is possible when used with mdconfig(8) utility. http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdconfig&sektion=8 ↩

160. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

161. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

162. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

163. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

164. "Control Break International Debuts SafeBoot Version 4.27". September 2004. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092906/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/14197489/control-break-international-debuts-safeboot-version-4-27 ↩

165. http://www.openbsd.org/plus38.html OpenBSD 3.8 change notes http://www.openbsd.org/plus38.html ↩

166. however, not Windows UEFI-based computers with a GUID partition table (GPT) https://www.truecrypt.org/future ↩

167. "Operating Systems Supported for System Encryption". TrueCrypt Documentation. TrueCrypt Foundation. Archived from the original on 2013-01-08. Retrieved 2014-05-28. https://archive.today/20130108161502/http://www.truecrypt.org/docs/?s=sys-encryption-supported-os ↩

168. "Operating Systems Supported for System Encryption". TrueCrypt Documentation. TrueCrypt Foundation. Archived from the original on 2013-01-08. Retrieved 2014-05-28. https://archive.today/20130108161502/http://www.truecrypt.org/docs/?s=sys-encryption-supported-os ↩

169. LRW_issue /wiki/IEEE_P1619#LRW_issue ↩

170. Containers created with ArchiCrypt Live version 5 use LRW ↩

171. "New features in BestCrypt version 8". Jetico. Archived from the original on 2007-02-04. Retrieved 2007-03-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20070204033742/http://www.jetico.com/bc8_web_help/html/03_new_features/01_new_features.htm ↩

172. "New features in version 2". Jetico. Archived from the original on 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2009-03-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20080905174317/http://www.jetico.com/bcve_web_help/html/01_introduction/04_new_in_version.htm ↩

173. Niels Fergusson (August 2006). "AES-CBC + Elephant Diffuser: A Disk Encryption Algorithm for Windows Vista" (PDF). Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-02-22. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://download.microsoft.com/download/0/2/3/0238acaf-d3bf-4a6d-b3d6-0a0be4bbb36e/BitLockerCipher200608.pdf ↩

174. Niels Fergusson (August 2006). "AES-CBC + Elephant Diffuser: A Disk Encryption Algorithm for Windows Vista" (PDF). Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-02-22. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) http://download.microsoft.com/download/0/2/3/0238acaf-d3bf-4a6d-b3d6-0a0be4bbb36e/BitLockerCipher200608.pdf ↩

175. "man 4 cgd in NetBSD-current". NetBSD current manual page on CGD. 2006-03-11. Retrieved 2006-12-24. http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?cgd+4+NetBSD-current ↩

176. Containers created with TrueCrypt versions 1.0 through 4.0 use CBC. ↩

177. Containers created with TrueCrypt versions 4.1 through 4.3a use LRW, and support CBC for opening legacy containers only. ↩

178. Containers created with CipherShed or TrueCrypt versions 5.0+ use XTS, and support LRW/CBC for opening legacy containers only. ↩

179. "CIBLE DE SECURITE CRITERES COMMUNS NIVEAU EAL3+" (PDF). https://cyber.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/document_type/ANSSI-Cible-2022_35fr.pdf ↩

180. Starting with Linux kernel version 2.6.20, CryptoAPI supports the LRW mode: https://lwn.net/Articles/213650/ https://lwn.net/Articles/213650/ ↩

181. "cryptsetup - manage plain dm-crypt and LUKS encrypted volumes". 2018-01-01. Retrieved 2018-05-08. https://man.cx/?page=cryptsetup(8) ↩

182. Jacob Appelbaum, Ralf-Philipp Weinmann (2006-12-29). "Unlocking FileVault: An Analysis of Apple's disk encryption" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-01-03. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) https://events.ccc.de/congress/2006/Fahrplan/attachments/1244-23C3VileFault.pdf ↩

183. "OS X Lion: About FileVault 2". Retrieved 2011-01-03. http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4790 ↩

184. Poul-Henning Kamp. "GBDE - GEOM Based Disk Encryption" (PDF). GBDE Design Document. Retrieved 2006-12-24. /wiki/Poul-Henning_Kamp ↩

185. "Linux/BSD disk encryption comparison". Archived from the original on 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2006-12-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20070629214031/http://mareichelt.de/pub/notmine/linuxbsd-comparison.html ↩

186. Pawel Jakub Dawidek (2006-06-08). "Data authentication for geli(8) committed to HEAD". Retrieved 2021-11-22. https://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=326862+0+archive/2006/freebsd-current/20060611.freebsd-current ↩

187. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

188. Jari Ruusu. "loop-AES README file". Archived from the original on 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2007-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230823163835/https://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES.README ↩

189. For Scramdisk containers ↩

190. For TrueCrypt 4 containers ↩

191. For TrueCrypt 5 and 6 containers ↩

192. "'CVS: cvs.openbsd.org: src' - MARC". https://marc.info/?l=openbsd-cvs&m=121302798322835&w=2 ↩

193. Containers created with TrueCrypt versions 1.0 through 4.0 use CBC. ↩

194. Containers created with TrueCrypt versions 4.1 through 4.3a use LRW, and support CBC for opening legacy containers only. ↩

195. Containers created with TrueCrypt versions 5.0 or later use XTS, and support LRW/CBC for opening legacy containers only. ↩