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Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing
Open source middleware system for volunteer and grid computing

The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC, pronounced /bɔɪŋk/ – rhymes with "oink") is an open-source middleware system for volunteer computing (a type of distributed computing). Developed originally to support SETI@home, it became the platform for many other applications in areas as diverse as medicine, molecular biology, mathematics, linguistics, climatology, environmental science, and astrophysics, among others. The purpose of BOINC is to enable researchers to utilize processing resources of personal computers and other devices around the world.

BOINC development began with a group based at the Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) at the University of California, Berkeley, and led by David P. Anderson, who also led SETI@home. As a high-performance volunteer computing platform, BOINC brings together 34,236 active participants employing 136,341 active computers (hosts) worldwide, processing daily on average 20.164 PetaFLOPS as of 16 November 2021[update] (it would be the 21st largest processing capability in the world compared with an individual supercomputer). The National Science Foundation (NSF) funds BOINC through awards SCI/0221529, SCI/0438443 and SCI/0721124. Guinness World Records ranks BOINC as the largest computing grid in the world.

BOINC code runs on various operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android, Linux, and FreeBSD. BOINC is free software released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

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History

BOINC was originally developed to manage the SETI@home project. David P. Anderson has said that he chose its name because he wanted something that was not "imposing", but rather "light, catchy, and maybe - like 'Unix' - a little risqué", so he "played around with various acronyms and settled on 'BOINC'".14

The original SETI client was a non-BOINC software exclusively for SETI@home. It was one of the first volunteer computing projects, and not designed with a high level of security. As a result, some participants in the project attempted to cheat the project to gain "credits", while others submitted entirely falsified work. BOINC was designed, in part, to combat these security breaches.15

The BOINC project started in February 2002, and its first version was released on April 10, 2002. The first BOINC-based project was Predictor@home, launched on June 9, 2004. In 2009, AQUA@home deployed multi-threaded CPU applications for the first time,16 followed by the first OpenCL application in 2010.

As of 15 August 2022, there are 33 projects on the official list.17 There are also, however, BOINC projects not included on the official list. Each year, an international BOINC Workshop is hosted to increase collaboration among project administrators. In 2021, the workshop was hosted virtually.18

While not affiliated with BOINC officially, there have been several independent projects that reward BOINC users for their participation, including Charity Engine (sweepstakes based on processing power with prizes funded by private entities who purchase computational time of CE users), Bitcoin Utopia (now defunct), and Gridcoin (a blockchain which mints coins based on processing power).

Design and structure

Main article: BOINC client–server technology

BOINC is software that can exploit the unused CPU and GPU cycles on computer hardware to perform scientific computing. In 2008, BOINC's website announced that Nvidia had developed a language called CUDA that uses GPUs for scientific computing. With NVIDIA's assistance, several BOINC-based projects (e.g., MilkyWay@home. SETI@home) developed applications that run on NVIDIA GPUs using CUDA. BOINC added support for the ATI/AMD family of GPUs in October 2009. The GPU applications run from 2 to 10 times faster than the former CPU-only versions. GPU support (via OpenCL) was added for computers using macOS with AMD Radeon graphic cards, with the current BOINC client supporting OpenCL on Windows, Linux, and macOS. GPU support is also provided for Intel GPUs.19

BOINC consists of a server system and client software that communicate to process and distribute work units and return results.

Mobile application

A BOINC app also exists for Android, allowing every person owning an Android device – smartphone, tablet and/or Kindle – to share their unused computing power. The user is allowed to select the research projects they want to support, if it is in the app's available project list.

By default, the application will allow computing only when the device is connected to a WiFi network, is being charged, and the battery has a charge of at least 90%.20 Some of these settings can be changed to users needs. Not all BOINC projects are available21 and some of the projects are not compatible with all versions of Android operating system or availability of work is intermittent. Currently available projects22 are Asteroids@home, Einstein@Home, LHC@home, Moo! Wrapper, Rosetta@home, World Community Grid and Yoyo@home [ru]. As of September 2021, the most recent version of the mobile application can only be downloaded from the BOINC website or the F-Droid repository as the official Google Play store does not allow downloading and running executables not signed by the app developer and each BOINC project has their own executable files.

User interfaces

BOINC can be controlled remotely by remote procedure calls (RPC), from the command line, and from a BOINC Manager. BOINC Manager currently has two "views": the Advanced View and the Simplified GUI. The Grid View was removed in the 6.6.x clients as it was redundant. The appearance (skin) of the Simplified GUI is user-customizable, in that users can create their own designs.

Account managers

A BOINC Account Manager is an application that manages multiple BOINC project accounts across multiple computers (CPUs) and operating systems. Account managers were designed for people who are new to BOINC or have several computers participating in several projects. The account manager concept was conceived and developed jointly by GridRepublic and BOINC. Current and past account managers include:

  • BAM! (BOINC Account Manager) (The first publicly available Account Manager, released for public use on May 30, 2006)
  • GridRepublic (Follows the ideas of simplicity and neatness in account management)
  • Charity Engine (Non-profit account manager for hire, uses prize draws and continuous charity fundraising to motivate people to join the grid)
  • Science United (An account manager designed to make BOINC easier to use which automatically selects vetted BOINC projects for users based on desired research areas such as "medicine" or "physics")23
  • Dazzler (Open-source Account Manager, to ease institutional management resources)

Credit system

Main article: BOINC Credit System

  • The BOINC Credit System is designed to avoid bad hardware and cheating by validating results before granting credit.
  • The credit management system helps to ensure that users are returning results which are both statistically and scientifically accurate.
  • Online volunteer computing is a complicated and variable mix of long-term users, retiring users and new users with different personal aspirations.

Projects

BOINC is used by many groups and individuals. Some BOINC projects are based at universities and research labs while others are independent areas of research or interest.24

Active

Active Projects that have a Wikipedia page
Project NamePublicationsLaunchedStatusOperating SystemGPU AppSponsorCategoryResearch Focus
climateprediction.net152 papers252003-12-09307,359 volunteers26Windows, Linux, ARM, macOS27NoOxford UniversityClimate changeImprove climate prediction models. Sub-project: Seasonal Attribution Project.
Einstein@Home42 papers282005-02-191,041,796 volunteers29Windows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android30GPU CPUUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Max Planck InstituteAstrophysicsSearch for pulsars using radio signals and gravitational wave data
Gerasim@Home [ru]9 papers312007-02-106,811 volunteers32Windows, Linux33NoSouthwest State University (Russia) [ru]Multiple applicationsResearch in discrete mathematics and logic control systems
GoofyxGrid@Home2016NoIndependentMathematicsMathematically implement the Infinite monkey theorem
GPUGRID.net53 papers342007-12-0546,874 volunteers35Windows, Linux, macOS36NVIDIA GPU onlyBarcelona Biomedical Research ParkMolecular biologyPerform full-atom molecular simulations of proteins on Nvidia GPUs for biomedical research
LHC@home71 papers372004-01-09178,623 volunteers38Windows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android, FreeBSD39NoCERNPhysicsHelp construct and test the Large Hadron Collider and search for fundamental particles
MilkyWay@home27 papers402007-07-07250,447 volunteers41Windows, Linux, macOS42NoRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteAstronomyCreate a simulation of the Milky Way galaxy using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
PrimeGrid3 papers432005-06-12353,261 volunteers44Windows, Linux, macOS45GPU CPUIndependentMathematicsSearch for primes such as Generalized Fermat primes, 321 primes, Sierpiński numbers, Cullen-Woodall primes, Proth prime, and Sophie Germain primes. Subprojects include Seventeen or Bust, Riesel Sieve, and AP27 Search.
RALPH@Home [fr]Rosetta@home2006-02-155548 volunteers46Windows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android47GPU CPUUniversity of WashingtonMolecular biologyTest project for Rosetta@home
Rosetta@home234 papers482005-10-061,373,480 volunteers49Windows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android50NoUniversity of WashingtonMolecular biologyProtein structure prediction for disease research
Tn-grid [it]8 papers512013-12-193,201 volunteers52Windows, Linux, macOS53NoUniversity of TrentoGeneticsCurrently deploying gene@home work to expand gene networks
World Community Grid77 papers542004-11-1685,119 volunteers55Windows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android56GPU CPUKrembil Research InstituteMultiple applicationsSubprojects: Open Pandemics - COVID-19. Clean Energy Project, GO Drug Search for Leishmaniasis, Fight Against Malaria, Computing for Clean Water, Discovering Dengue Drugs - Together, OpenZika, Help Cure Muscular Dystrophy, Help Defeat Cancer, Help Conquer Cancer, Help Fight Childhood Cancer, Smash Childhood Cancer, Human Proteome Folding Project, Uncovering Genome Mysteries, FightAIDS@Home, Let's outsmart Ebola together, Mapping Cancer Markers, Help Stop TB.
Yoyo@home [ru]9 papers572007-07-1994,236 volunteers58Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, ARM, Solaris, Sony Playstation 359NoIndependentMultiple applicationsUsing the BOINC Wrapper with existing volunteer projects

Completed

Completed Projects that have a Wikipedia page
Project NamePublicationsLaunchedStatusOperating SystemGPU appSponsorCategoryResearch Focus
ABC@Homepaper602006-11-21NoMathematical Institute of Leiden UniversityMathematicsFind triples of the ABC conjecture
AQUA@home4 papers612008-12-10GPU CPUD-Wave SystemsComputer sciencePredict the performance of Quantum computers
Artificial Intelligence SystemNoIntelligence Realm IncArtificial intelligenceSimulate the brain using Hodgkin–Huxley models via an artificial neural network
Big and Ugly Rendering Project (BURP)2 papers622004-06-17NoIndependentRendering (computer graphics)Use BOINC infrastructure with Blender (software) to render animated videos
Collatz Conjecture project [de]paper632009-01-066467,719 volunteers65Windows, Linux, macOS66GPU CPUIndependentMathematicsStudy the unsolved Collatz conjecture67
Correlizer [ru]5 papers68201169NoBiologyExamining genome organization
Cosmology@Home5 papers702007-06-2687,465 volunteers71Windows, Linux, macOS72NoInstitut d'Astrophysique de ParisAstronomyDevelop simulations that best describe The Universe
Docking@Home20 papers732006-09-1174NoUniversity of DelawareMolecular biologyUse the CHARMM program to model protein-ligand docking. The goal was the development of pharmaceutical drugs.
EDGeS@Home [ru]12 papers752009-10NoMTA SZTAKI Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed SystemsMultiple applicationsSupport of scientific applications developed by the EGEE and EDGeS community
eOn6 papers76NoUniversity of Texas at AustinChemistryTheoretical chemistry techniques to solve problems in condensed matter physics and materials science
Evolution@Home6 papers77NoEvolutionary BiologyImprove understanding of evolutionary processes
FreeHAL2006NoIndependentArtificial intelligenceCompute information for software to imitate human conversation
HashClash11 papers782005-11-24NoEindhoven University of TechnologyCryptographyFind collisions in the MD5 hash algorithm
Ibercivis18 papers792008-06-22NoZaragoza, CETA-CIEMAT, CSIC, CoimbraMultiple applicationsResearch in physics, material science and biomedicines
Leiden Classical2 papers802005-05-12NoLeiden UniversityChemistryClassical mechanics for students and scientists
Malaria Control Project26 papers812006-12-19NoSwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteModel DiseasesStochastic modelling of clinical epidemiology and the natural history of Plasmodium falciparum malaria
MindModeling@Home6 papers822007-07-0724,574 volunteers83Windows, Linux, macOS84NoUniversity of Dayton Research Institute and Wright State UniversityCognitive scienceMaking cognitive models of the human mind
uFluids@Home3 papers852005-09-19NoPurdue UniversityPhysics, AeronauticsA computer simulation of two-phase flow behavior in microgravity and micro fluidics
OProject@Homepaper862012-08-13NoOlin Library, Rollins CollegeMathematicsAlgorithm analysis. The library is open and available in the Code.google.com SVN repository.
orbit@homepaper872008-04-03NoPlanetary Science InstituteAstronomyMonitor near-earth asteroids
Pirates@home [es]2004-06-02No1 Vassar College

2 Spy Hill Research

Software testingMission 1: Test BOINC software and help to develop Einstein@Home screensaver88

Mission 2: Develop forum software for Interactions in Understanding the Universe89

POEM@Home5 papers902007-13-11NoUniversity of KarlsruheMolecular biologyModel Protein folding using Anfinsen's dogma
Predictor@home5 papers912004-05-04NoThe Scripps Research InstituteMolecular biologyTest new methods of protein structure prediction and algorithms in the context of the Sixth Biannual CASP92 experiment
proteins@home4 papers932006-09-15NoÉcole polytechniqueProtein structure predictionContribute to a better understanding of many diseases and pathologies and to progress in Medicine and Technology
QMC@Home7 papers942006-03-03NoUniversity of MünsterChemistryStudy the structure and reactivity of molecules using quantum chemistry and Monte Carlo techniques
Quake-Catcher Network13 papers952008-02-03NoStanford University, then

University of Southern California

SeismologyUse accelerometers connected to personal computers and devices to detect earthquakes and to educate about seismology
Riesel SieveNoMathematicsProve that 509,203 is the smallest Riesel number by finding a prime of the form k × 2n − 1 for all odd k smaller than 509,203
SAT@home [ru]8 papers962011-09NoSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesMathematicsSolve discrete problems by reducing them to the problem of satisfiability of Boolean formulas
SETI@home12 papers971999-05-171,808,938 volunteers98Windows, Linux, macOS, Android99GPU CPUUniversity of California, BerkeleyAstronomyAnalyzing radio frequencies from space to search for extraterrestrial life. Sub project: Astropulse
SETI@home betasee above2006-01-12GPU CPUUniversity of California, BerkeleySoftware testingTest project for SETI@home
SIMAP5 papers1002006-04-26NoUniversity of ViennaMolecular biologyInvestigated protein similarities
SLinCA@Home2010-09-14NoNational Academy of Sciences of UkrainePhysicsResearch in physics and materials science
Spinhenge@home3 papers101NoTechnion – Israel Institute of Technologygenetic linkageUsed genetic linkage analysis to find disease resistant genes
TANPAKU [ja]2 papers1022005-08-02103NoTokyo University of ScienceMolecular biologyProtein structure prediction using the Brownian dynamics method
The Lattice Project16 papers1042004-06-30105NoUniversity of Maryland, College ParkLife scienceMultiple applications
theSkyNet3 papers1062011-09-13NoInternational Centre for Radio Astronomy ResearchAstronomyAnalysis of radio astronomy data from telescopes

See also

  • Free and open-source software portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing.

References

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