Vostok (rocket family) - Reference.org

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Function Carrier rocket

Manufacturer RKK Energia

Country of origin Soviet Union

Mass 280,000–290,000 kg (620,000–640,000 lb)

Stages 3

Mass 4,725 kilograms (10,417 lb)

Family R-7

Comparable Atlas
Titan

Status Retired

Launch sites Baikonur: LC-1/5, 31/6
Plesetsk: LC-41/1, 43/3, 43/4

Total launches Vostok-L: 4
Vostok-K: 13
Vostok-2: 45
Vostok-2M: 94
Soyuz/Vostok: 2

Success(es) Vostok-L: 3
Vostok-K: 11
Vostok-2: 40
Vostok-2M: 92
Soyuz/Vostok: 2

Failure(s) Vostok-L: 1
Vostok-K: 2
Vostok-2: 5
Vostok-2M: 2

First flight 15 May 1960 (Vostok-L)

Last flight 29 August 1991 (Vostok-2M)

Notable payloads Vostok
Zenit
Meteor

Engines 1 RD-107-8D74-1959

Thrust 970.86 kN

Burn time 118 seconds

Propellant Kerosene/LOX

Engines 1 RD-108-8D75-1959

Thrust 912 kN

Burn time 301 seconds

Propellant Kerosene/LOX

Engines 1 RD-0109

Thrust 54.5 kN

Burn time 365 seconds

Propellant Kerosene/LOX

Additional information

Vostok (rocket family)

Series of six manned Soviet orbiting spacecraft

Vostok (Russian: Восток, translated as "East") was a family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM and was designed for the human spaceflight programme. This family of rockets launched the first artificial satellite (Sputnik 1) and the first crewed spacecraft (Vostok) in human history. It was a subset of the R-7 family of rockets.

On March 18, 1980, a Vostok-2M rocket exploded on its launch pad at Plesetsk during a fueling operation, killing 48 people. An investigation into a similar – but avoided – accident revealed that the substitution of lead-based for tin-based solder in hydrogen peroxide filters allowed the breakdown of the H2O2, thus causing the resultant explosion.

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Variants

The major versions of the rocket were:

Luna 8K72 – used to launch the early Luna spacecraft¹
Vostok-L 8K72 – Variant of the Luna, used to launch prototype Vostok spacecraft ²
Vostok-K 8K72K – a refined version of the above. This was the version actually used for human spaceflight³
Vostok-2 8A92 – used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites throughout the 1960s⁴
Vostok-2M 8A92M – modified version for launching Meteor weather satellites into higher orbits.⁵
Soyuz/Vostok 11A110 – hybrid of Soyuz and Vostok rockets used as an interim for two launches⁶

Vostok 8K72K⁷ ⁸

First Stage — Block B, V, G, D (four strap-on boosters)
- Gross mass: 43,300 kg
- Empty mass: 3,710 kg
- Thrust (vac): 4 x 99,000 kgf (971 kN) = 3.88 MN
- Isp: 313 seconds (3.07 km/s)
- Burn time: 118 s
- Isp(sl): 256 seconds (2.51 km/s)
- Diameter: 2.68 m
- Span: 8.35 m
- Length: 19.00 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engines: 1 x RD-107-8D74-1959 per booster = 4
Second Stage — Block A (core stage)
- Gross mass: 100,400 kg
- Empty mass: 6,800 kg
- Thrust (vac): 912 kN
- Isp: 315 seconds (3.09 km/s)
- Burn time: 301 s
- Isp(sl): 248 seconds (2.43 km/s)
- Diameter: 2.99 m
- Length: 28.00 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D75-1959
Third Stage — Block E
- Gross mass: 7,775 kg
- Empty mass: 1,440 kg
- Thrust (vac): 54.5 kN
- Isp: 326 seconds (3.20 km/s)
- Burn time: 365 s
- Diameter: 2.56 m
- Span: 2.56 m
- Length: 2.84 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 x RD-0109

Gallery

References

"Vostok-L 8K72". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-07-30. http://www.astronautix.com/v/vostok-l8k72.html ↩
"Vostok-L 8K72". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-07-30. http://www.astronautix.com/v/vostok-l8k72.html ↩
"Vostok 8K72K". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-07-30. http://www.astronautix.com/v/vostok8k72k.html ↩
"Vostok 8A92". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-07-30. http://www.astronautix.com/v/vostok8a92.html ↩
"Vostok 8A92M". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-07-30. http://www.astronautix.com/v/vostok8a92m.html ↩
"Soyuz 11A510". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-07-30. http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuz11a510.html ↩
"Vostok 8K72K". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-07-30. http://www.astronautix.com/v/vostok8k72k.html ↩
"Vostok-L 8K72". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-07-30. http://www.astronautix.com/v/vostok-l8k72.html ↩

Variants

Vostok 8K72K78

Gallery

See also

References

Vostok 8K72K⁷ ⁸