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Tin cry
Sound made by bending tin

Tin cry is the characteristic sound heard when a bar made of tin is bent. Variously described as a "screaming" or "crackling" sound, the effect is caused by the crystal twinning in the metal. The sound is not particularly loud, despite terms like "crying" and "screaming". It is very noticeable when a hot-dip tin coated sheet metal is bent at high speed over rollers during processing.

Tin cry is often demonstrated using a simple science experiment. A bar of tin will "cry" repeatedly when bent until it breaks. The experiment can then be recycled by melting and recrystallizing the metal. The low melting point of tin, 231.9 °C (449.4 °F; 505.0 K), makes re-casting easy. Tin anneals at reasonably-low temperature as well, normalizing tin's microstructure of crystallites/grains.

Although the cry is most typical of tin, a similar effect occurs in other metals, such as niobium, indium, zinc, cadmium, gallium, and solid mercury.

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References

  1. "Video of the demonstration". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2021. http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/ldplib/acoustic/video.php

  2. "Deformation twinning in low symmetry metals (all content)". www.doitpoms.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-11-23. https://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/ldplib/acoustic/printall.php

  3. "LibreTexts, Chemistry, Chemistry of Indium". 2 October 2013. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_13%3A_The_Boron_Family/Z049_Chemistry_of_Indium_(Z49)

  4. "Deformation twinning in low symmetry metals (all content)". www.doitpoms.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-11-23. https://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/ldplib/acoustic/printall.php

  5. "LibreTexts, Chemistry, Chemistry of Cadmium". 2 October 2013. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/3_d-Block_Elements/Group_12%3A_Transition_Metals/Chemistry_of_Cadmium

  6. "Deformation twinning in low symmetry metals (all content)". www.doitpoms.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-11-23. https://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/ldplib/acoustic/printall.php

  7. Reeder, Cody (17 Mar 2015). Bending Solid Mercury: It Cries!. Retrieved 3 December 2021. /wiki/Cody_Reeder