Scombriformes, also known as Pelagia and Pelagiaria, is an order of ray-finned fish within the clade Percomorpha. It contains 287 extant species in 16 families, most of which were previously classified under the suborders Scombroidei and Stromateoidei of the order Perciformes.
The earliest known scombriform is the scombrid Landanichthys from the Middle Paleocene of Angola.
Taxonomy
Scombriformes includes the following families:78
- Suborder Stromateoidei
- Family Amarsipidae (amarsipa)
- Family Centrolophidae (medusafishes)
- Family Nomeidae (driftfishes)
- Family Tetragonuridae (squaretails)
- Family Ariommatidae (ariommas)
- Family Stromateidae (butterfishes)
- Suborder Scombroidei
- Family Pomatomidae (bluefishes)
- Family Icosteidae (ragfish)
- Family Arripidae (Australasian salmon (kahawai))
- Family Chiasmodontidae (swallowers)
- Family Scombridae
- Subfamily Gasterochismatinae (butterfly kingfish)
- Subfamily Scombrinae (mackerels, bonitos and tunas)
- Family Caristiidae (manefishes)
- Family Bramidae (pomfrets)
- Family Scombrolabracidae (longfin escolar)
- Family †Euzaphlegidae
- Family Gempylidae (snake mackerels)
- Family Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes)
- Subfamily Aphanopodinae (frostfishes)
- Subfamily Lepidopodinae (scabbardfishes)
- Subfamily Trichiurinae (hairtails)
Phylogeny
The phylogenetic relationships within Scombriformes are shown in this cladogram from Near & Thacker (2024):9
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References
Near, T. J.; Thacker, C. E. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. https://zenodo.org/records/8352027/files/Near%26Thacker_preprint.pdf ↩
Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). ↩
R. Betancur-R; E. O. Wiley; G. Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501477 ↩
Near, T. J.; Thacker, C. E. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. https://zenodo.org/records/8352027/files/Near%26Thacker_preprint.pdf ↩
Bailly N, ed. (2017). "Scombroidei". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 13 May 2018. https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=151748 ↩
Friedman, Matt; V. Andrews, James; Saad, Hadeel; El-Sayed, Sanaa (2023-06-16). "The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018". Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb.2023.002. ISSN 1374-8505. https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=7048 ↩
Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). ↩
Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10. https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification ↩
Near, T. J.; Thacker, C. E. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. https://zenodo.org/records/8352027/files/Near%26Thacker_preprint.pdf ↩