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Government of Russia

The Government of the Russian Federation (Pravitelstvo Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the highest federal executive body, accountable to the President of Russia and controlled by the State Duma. Its status is defined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal constitutional law. The Government oversees the federal budget and implements social policies but does not create laws; it issues by-laws based on legislation from the Federal Assembly. Notably, after President Putin’s 2024 inauguration, the entire government resigned, leading to the State Duma’s approval of Mishustin as Prime Minister and the formation of his Second government.

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History

See also: Government of the Soviet Union

The large body was preceded by the government of the Soviet Union. The government's structure has undergone several significant changes since the Russian Federation emerged from 1991 to 1992. In the initial years, many government bodies, primarily the different ministries, underwent massive reorganization as the old Soviet governing networks were adapted to the new state. Many reshuffles and renamings occurred.

On 28 November 1991, the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin signed presidential decree No.242 "On the reorganization of the government bodies of the RSFSR". Yeltsin officially declared the end of the Soviet Union and became the President of the Russian Federation. Yeltsin was a reformer and promised Western-styled democracy.

The new Russian Constitution was adopted in 1993. It gained legitimacy through its bicameral legislature, an independent judiciary, the position of the president and the prime minister, and democratic features. These democratic features included competitive multi-party elections, separation of powers, federalism, and protection of civil liberties.

In 1999, Yeltsin appointed Vladimir Putin the Prime Minister. Later that year, Yeltsin resigned from the presidency, and Putin took over as the acting president. In its first round, Putin won the 2000 Russian presidential election, gaining 53.44% of the vote.

The most recent change took place on 14 May 2024, when President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree on forming Mikhail Mishustin's Second Cabinet.4

Responsibilities and power

See also: Order of the Government of Russia

The Government is the subject of the 6th chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the constitution, the government of the Russian Federation must:

  1. Draft and submit the federal budget to the State Duma; ensure the implementation of the budget and report on its implementation to the State Duma;
  2. Ensure the implementation of a uniform financial, credit and monetary policy in the Russian Federation;
  3. Ensure the implementation of a uniform state policy in the areas of culture, science, education, health protection, social security and ecology;
  4. Manage federal property;
  5. Adopt measures to ensure the country's defense, state security, and the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;
  6. Implement measures to ensure the rule of law, human rights and freedoms, the protection of property and public order, and crime control;
  7. Exercise any other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, and presidential decrees.5

The government issues its acts in the way of decisions (Постановления) and orders (Распоряжения). These must not contradict the constitution, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, and Presidential decrees, and are signed by the Prime Minister.

The Government also assists the Prime Minister in faithfully carrying out the country's domestic and foreign policy as determined by the President.

Composition of the Government and federal agencies

The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Deputy Chairmen of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministers.

The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation is appointed by the President with the consent of the State Duma. In case of a three-fold rejection by the State Duma of the submitted candidacy, the President of the Russian Federation has the right to dissolve the Duma and independently appoint the Chairman of the Government.6

The structure of the federal executive authorities, as well as the composition of the Government, is approved by presidential decree on the basis of a proposal from the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, sent within one week after his appointment in accordance with Article 112 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

The President may decide at any time to dismiss the Government. After each election of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government resigns its powers.

As a result of the administrative reform of 2003-2005, the status and distribution of functions between federal ministries, federal services and federal agencies were clarified. Thus, federal ministries are responsible for the development and implementation of state policy in their fields and can issue regulatory legal acts. Federal services carry out control and supervision. Federal agencies are responsible for managing property and providing services. For example, Rosarchiv is responsible for the preservation and access to archival documents.

In 2020, amendments were adopted to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which also relate to the principles of formation and the field of activity of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Current Cabinet

Main article: Mikhail Mishustin's Second Cabinet

PortfolioMinisterTook officeLeft officeParty
Prime MinisterMikhail Mishustin14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
First Deputy Prime MinisterDenis Manturov14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Minister of RussiaChief of Staff for the Government of RussiaDmitry Grigorenko14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Minister –Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal DistrictYury Trutnev14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Deputy Prime Ministerfor Agro-Industrial Complex, Natural Resources and EcologyDmitry Patrushev14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Ministerfor Eurasian Integration, cooperation withthe CIS, BRICS, G20 and International EventsAlexey Overchuk14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Ministerfor Fuel–Energy Complex and EconomyAlexander Novak14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Deputy Prime Ministerfor Construction and Regional PolicyMarat Khusnullin14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Ministerfor Social PolicyTatyana Golikova14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Deputy Prime Ministerfor Tourism, Sport, Culture and CommunicationsDmitry Chernyshenko14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Ministerfor TransportVitaly Savelyev14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Minister of AgricultureOksana Lut14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass MediaMaksut Shadayev14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of Construction, Housing and UtilitiesIrek Faizullin14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of CultureOlga Lyubimova14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of DefenceAndrey Belousov14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister for the Development of the Russian Far East and ArcticAleksey Chekunkov14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of Economic DevelopmentMaxim Reshetnikov14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Minister of EducationSergey Kravtsov14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of Emergency SituationsAleksandr Kurenkov14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of EnergySergey Tsivilyov14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Minister of FinanceAnton Siluanov14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Foreign AffairsSergey Lavrov14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Minister of HealthMikhail Murashko14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of Industry and TradeAnton Alikhanov14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Internal AffairsVladimir Kolokoltsev14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of JusticeKonstantin Chuychenko14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Labour and Social ProtectionAnton Kotyakov14 May 2024Incumbent Independent
Minister of Natural Resources and EcologyAlexander Kozlov14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Science and Higher EducationValery Falkov14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia
Minister of SportMikhail Degtyarev14 May 2024Incumbent LDPR
Minister of TransportRoman Starovoyt14 May 2024Incumbent United Russia

Organizations under the Government

The official press organ of the Russian government is Rossiyskaya Gazeta. On December 28, 1999, the official server of the Government of the Russian Federation was opened at www.правительство.рф (or www.government.gov.ru ).7

State non-budgetary funds

The Government of the Russian Federation, on behalf of the Russian Federation, exercises the functions and powers of the owner (founder) of two non-budgetary funds:8

Lists of ministers

See also

Wikiquote has quotations related to Government of Russia.

References

  1. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 15.01.2020 г. № 14". Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20220327184515/http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/45075 ↩

  2. "Правительство России подало в отставку. Медведев станет заместителем главы Совета безопасности". meduza.io. Archived from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200116134456/https://meduza.io/news/2020/01/15/pravitelstvo-rossii-podalo-v-otstavku ↩

  3. "Распоряжение Правительства Российской Федерации от 7 мая 2024 г. № 1121-р" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 7, 2024. Retrieved May 7, 2024. http://static.government.ru/media/files/87mfBV2Ak3Hn8XLzhuLwAuk3vMdJdQtP.pdf ↩

  4. "Президент подписал указы о назначении членов Правительства Российской Федерации и директоров служб". Президент России (in Russian). May 14, 2024. Archived from the original on May 15, 2024. Retrieved May 14, 2024. http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/74028 ↩

  5. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: Chapter 6 Archived October 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine http://www.russianembassy.org/RUSSIA/CONSTIT/chapter6.htm ↩

  6. "Конституция России". Archived from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved December 1, 2024. http://www.constitution.ru/10003000/10003000-8.htm ↩

  7. "Открыт официальный сервер российского правительства". Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved March 5, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110806080826/http://www.lenta.ru/internet/1999/12/28/putin/sites.htm ↩

  8. "Министерства и ведомства - Правительство России". government.ru. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 6, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230106164559/http://government.ru/ministries/ ↩

  9. Until January 1, 2023, the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation (SIF) and the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (PFR) existed separately. On January 1, 2023, the PFR was reorganized into the Pension and Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation by joining the SIF. ↩