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The PlayStation 5 (PS5), developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment, is a ninth-generation console succeeding the PlayStation 4. Released worldwide in November 2020, it competes with Microsoft’s Xbox Series X/S. The base model features an optical disc drive for Ultra HD Blu-ray, while the Digital Edition supports game downloads only. In 2024, a PlayStation 5 Pro launched with enhanced ray tracing and AI upscaling. Key hardware includes a custom SSD for faster loading, an AMD GPU capable of 4K at 120fps, hardware-accelerated ray tracing, and the Tempest Engine for 3D audio. It supports the DualSense controller, backward compatibility, and PlayStation VR2.

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History

Development

The lead architect of the PlayStation console line, Mark Cerny, implemented a two-year feedback cycle after the launch of the PlayStation 4. This entailed regularly visiting Sony's first-party developers at two-year intervals to find out what concerns they had with shortcomings in Sony's current hardware and how such hardware could be improved in console refreshes or for the next generation. This feedback directly influenced the priorities of the console development team. During the development of the PlayStation 5, a central challenge revolved around addressing the length of loading times for games.2 Cerny said several developers, including Epic Games' Tim Sweeney, told him that standard I/O speed of a hard disk drive was now a limiting factor in pushing game development.3 Slow data rates placed limits on the size of data being loaded into the game, the physical location of data on the storage medium, and the duplication of data across the medium in order to reduce load times. An important goal was to find ways to reduce loading time, particularly in games that stream or dynamically load new game areas as the player moves through the game world.4

Jim Ryan, then CEO of Sony Interactive Entertainment, stated that Sony had researched the feasibility of a "low priced, reduced spec" version of the PlayStation 5, like what Microsoft had done with its lower-power counterpart to the Xbox Series X, the Xbox Series S, and concluded that they believed such consoles do not fare well, becoming obsolete too fast.5

Marketing and release

Cerny first publicly described the new console in an interview with Wired magazine in April 2019.6 In early 2019, Sony's financial report for the quarter ending March 31, 2019, affirmed that new next-generation hardware was in development but would ship no earlier than April 2020.7 In a second Wired magazine interview in October 2019, Sony said it intended to ship its next-generation console worldwide by the end of 2020.8 The current hardware specifications were revealed in October 2019.910 At CES 2020, Sony unveiled the official logo for the platform, which follows the similar minimalist styling of the previous PlayStation consoles and brand.11 Full specifications were given in an online presentation by Cerny and published by Sony and Digital Foundry on March 18, 2020.121314 Digital Foundry spoke with Cerny in detail and published a "deep dive" on April 2.15

A major game library showcase had been planned for June 4, 2020, but was postponed until June 11 due to the George Floyd protests. This presentation was also the premiere of the console's external hardware design.16171819

Sony planned to launch the PlayStation 5 by the 2020 end-of-year holiday period.20

The date and pricing was confirmed as part of a game showcase presentation on September 16, 2020; the release date in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, North America, and South Korea was confirmed for November 12, 2020, and for most of the rest of the world on November 19, 2020.21 The console was launched in the Philippines on December 11, 2020.22

PlayStation 5's release in India was delayed, leading to speculation that a trademark dispute was the reason; the name "PS5" was briefly trademarked by a different person; eventually the dispute was resolved and the system released there on February 2, 2021.23242526 The console launched in Indonesia on January 22, 2021.27 The system launched in China on May 15, 2021.28

The console launched with two models: a base version with an Ultra HD Blu-ray compatible optical disc drive for retail game support alongside online distribution via the PlayStation Store, and a lower-cost variant lacking the disc drive and retaining digital download support.29

Following the September 16, 2020, presentation, Sony stated that pre-orders for the console were to open at various retailers on the following day. However, several retailers in the United States and the United Kingdom launched pre-orders that evening, causing a rush on pre-orders, including scalping as many stores' inventories were quickly sold out, and creating confusion. Sony apologized for the incident on September 19, 2020, and promised to increase more pre-order deliveries over the coming days and stock through the end of the year.3031

Worldwide supply of the console remained low due to a global chip shortage from 2020 to 2023.32 Sony expected a short retail stock until 2023;33 the company said that the supply chain issues were fixed.34 In August 2022, Sony announced a price increase by up to 20% in most of its markets except the US, citing global economic, inflationary, and supply chain pressures.3536

Hardware

The PlayStation 5 is powered by a custom system on a chip (SoC) designed in tandem by AMD and Sony,37 integrating a custom 7 nm AMD Zen 2 CPU with eight cores running at a variable frequency capped at 3.5 GHz.38 Zen 2 is a 64-bit x86-64 instruction set CPU microarchitecture. The integrated GPU is also a custom unit based on AMD's RDNA 2 graphics architecture.39 The GPU has 36 compute units running at a variable frequency capped at 2.23 GHz, making it capable of a peak theoretical performance of 10.28 teraFLOPS.404142 The GPU supports hardware-accelerated real-time ray tracing, a rendering technique that allows for realistic lighting and reflections.43 It is programmed via Sony's new AGC graphics API.4445 The console has 16 GB of GDDR6 SDRAM with a peak bandwidth of 448 GB/s,46 and integrates Bluetooth 5.1, and 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6).47

Both the CPU and GPU are monitored by a special boost system incorporating AMD's SmartShift technology that adjusts the frequency of these units based on the current activities of both to target ideal constant power drawn and a model SoC performance profile.4849 For example, if the CPU is running at lower activity, the boost system may reduce its frequency and increase the frequency of the GPU for higher performance without otherwise affecting power use or cooling.50

The cooling system includes a double-sided cooling fan for air intake that is 120 mm in diameter and 45 mm thick, and a large heat sink with a standard heat pipe design that Sony says has a "shape and airflow [which] make it possible to achieve the same performance as a vapor chamber". SoC cooling includes a liquid metal thermal conductor which sits between the SoC and the heat sink.51525354 The system contains a 350-watt power supply.555657 Sony developed the PlayStation 5 to consume less energy than the PlayStation 4 for suspended gameplay states.58

The console has a new audio technology called Tempest Engine, allowing hundreds of simultaneous sound sources compared to 50 for the PlayStation 4.59

Storage architecture

The internal storage of the PlayStation 5 is a custom-built 825 GB solid-state drive (667 GB available)60 with a 12-channel interface, achieving a raw throughput of 5.5 GB/s. This atypical drive size was found to be optimal for the 12-channel pathway rather than a more common 512 GB or 1 TB unit. With a dedicated decompression unit supporting zlib and the new Oodle Kraken data compression protocol from RAD Game Tools, the unit has a typical throughput of 8–9 GB/s.61 Mark Cerny stated that a fast SSD was the top request from game developers so the goal not only was to have a theoretical raw read speed 100 times faster than PS4, but to eliminate input/output (I/O) bottleneck points so the performance target could be made effective. To this end, Sony designed a custom chip with multiple coprocessors to work in unison with the flash memory controller to reduce latency and channel data more efficiently around the system. At peak, the custom unit is capable of processing up to 22 GB/s of compressible data.62

Storage for games is expandable up to an additional 8TB through a single internal NVM Express (NVMe) M.2 solid-state drive, and up to an additional 8TB through an external USB hard drive or SSD.6364 Initially at launch, NVMe drives were not supported and the console would not boot if one was installed.65 Beta system software support for the M.2 port was released in July 2021,66 while full support was added in a September 2021 system update.67 The internal SSD is not user-serviceable, since its flash memory chips and controller are built into the PlayStation 5's motherboard.68 Though game installation is mandatory, the user has some control of what to install such as only installing the multiplayer component of a game.69 While PlayStation 4 games can be moved between the internal SSD and an external USB or M.2 drive to free up space on the SSD, PlayStation 5 games must be stored on the internal SSD or external M.2 drive to be played, and at launch could not be moved to an external storage device.70 An April 2021 system patch enabled users to move PlayStation 5 games to and from an external USB storage device, though the games must still reside on the internal SSD to be played.71

The base version of the PlayStation 5 includes an Ultra HD Blu-ray optical drive72 compatible with Ultra HD Blu-ray discs, standard Blu-ray discs and DVDs. The PlayStation 5 does not support CDs and will not play 3D Blu-ray content.7374 The choice of Ultra-HD Blu-ray as the disc medium means PlayStation 5 game discs can hold up to 100 GB of data, in contrast to PlayStation 4 games which usually came on dual-layer standard Blu-ray discs capable of holding up to 50 GB.75 An example of this is the title Gran Turismo 7. The PS4 version comes on 2 discs whereas the PS5 version comes on one.76

Form factor

The console's form factor was revealed during the June 11, 2020, presentation.77 Sony President Jim Ryan stated that the aesthetics are intended to be "transformational in how they look, sound, and feel".78 The launch unit is a two-tone design matching the design of the DualSense controller, with a black internal block flanked by two white wings along its sides, each lit by blue LEDs. Ryan stated that more colors than white and black may be available after launch.79 The unit can operate vertically or horizontally. Two long air intake vents run along the front, and heat exhaust vents dominate the rear.808182 The wings are removable to access certain internal components such as the PCIe 4.0 NVMe SSD storage expansion slot, the power supply, and the optional Blu-ray disc drive.838485 Beneath the side panels are two "dust catchers" – holes allowing the user to vacuum out dust collected by the cooling system.868788 Senior Art Director Yujin Morisawa led the console's case design, inspired by the term "five dimensions" and crafting the skeleton of its design around circles and squares that would make players comfortable when looking at it. Morisawa also had to manage the case shape to provide enough internal volume within the unit for all the technical hardware while reducing its size without restricting airflow.89

The Blu-ray version has dimensions of 390 by 260 by 104 millimeters (15.4 in × 10.2 in × 4.1 in) and 4.5 kilograms (9.9 lb), and the download-only version is slightly slimmer, at 390 by 260 by 92 millimeters (15.4 in × 10.2 in × 3.6 in) and 3.9 kilograms (8.6 lb).90 The console has been recognized for its large size in comparison to previous gaming consoles, and its size has been attributed to ensuring effective cooling management and minimizing noise during operation.919293

The front includes a USB-C port with USB 3.1 Gen 2 and a USB-A port with USB 2.0. The back has two USB-A ports with USB 3.1 Gen 2, an HDMI 2.1 port, Gigabit Ethernet, and power.949596

DualSense and DualSense Edge controllers

Main article: DualShock § DualSense

The DualSense wireless controller for the PlayStation 5 was revealed on April 7, 2020.97 It is based on the prior DualShock controller but with modifications influenced by discussions with game designers and players.98 The DualSense controller has adaptive triggers with force feedback through voice coil actuators that can change the resistance to the player as necessary, supporting experiences such as virtually drawing an arrow from a bow.99 The DualSense maintains the same buttons as the DualShock 4, though the "Share" button was renamed to "Create" with additional means for players to create and share content. A new built-in microphone array was added so players can speak to others using only the controller,100 and the included controller speaker has been improved.101 It has two-tone coloring, primarily white with black facing, with the black piece being easily detachable.102 The light bar has been moved to the sides of the touchpad.103 It has USB-C connectivity, a higher-rated battery, and an audio jack.104105 As an Easter egg, the texture of the controller unit is covered in miniature versions of the four PlayStation button symbols (cross, circle, square, and triangle).106

Sony revealed the DualSense Edge (CFI-ZCP1), a new controller for the PlayStation 5 featuring additional capabilities, in August 2022.107 The controller features a more modular design than the DualSense with replaceable stick modules, multiple control profiles and an option of relocating map inputs.108 The controller was initially released on January 26, 2023, on PlayStation Direct, but was made available through other retailers on February 23, 2023.109

Hardware revisions

Standard Model

Sony began shipping a minor hardware revision of the PlayStation 5 in August 2021. The new design (the 1100 series), reduced the size and weight of the heat sink, reducing the net system weight by 300 grams (0.66 lb), without having a noticeable effect on cooling performance, according to Digital Foundry and Gamers Nexus.110 This design requires no screwdriver for the console stand.111

In August 2022, Sony began shipping another hardware revision (the 1200 series), for both the base and digital versions of the PS5, which used a die shrink of the original SoC. This lowered the power draw of the SoC and Sony redesigned the heatsink again, contributing to a weight decrease.112 The Digital Edition now weighs 3.4 kg (compared to 3.9 kg for the launch version) and the base version weighs 3.9 kg (compared to 4.5 kg for the launch version).113

PlayStation 5 Slim

New, slimmer models of the PS5 and PS5 Digital Edition, colloquially referred to as the PlayStation 5 Slim,114115116 were announced by Sony in October 2023 for release in November 2023, replacing both original versions of the system. The two new models are smaller than the original PS5, have 1 TB of internal storage and replaces the front USB-A port with another USB-C port (albeit with USB 2.0 instead of USB 3.1 Gen 2). The drive-less Digital Edition's cost was increased by US$50. A disc drive kit can be purchased for US$79 and installed onto the Digital Edition, making it functionally and visually the same as the base model.117118 Unlike the original disc model, the slim's detachable disc drive requires an internet connection during initial setup.119

PlayStation 5 Pro

The PlayStation 5 Pro (PS5 Pro) was formally announced by Sony on September 10, 2024,120 following industry rumors since March 2024. Among other changes, the new console has three primary improvements: a GPU about 45% faster than that in the existing PlayStation 5, a deep learning-based image upscaling technology called PlayStation Spectral Super Resolution (PSSR), and twice as fast ray tracing performance compared to the PlayStation 5. As a result, games optimized for the Pro are expected to support 4K resolutions at 60 frames per second.121 It also ships with 2 TB of internal SSD storage, but does not include an optical disc drive nor vertical stand, which can be purchased separately. The Pro unit also includes support for Wi-Fi 7 and 8K resolution output.122123 Games can be patched to access features of the Pro system, with 50 games expected to be ready with enhanced versions by the system launch.124 Industry rumors stated that Sony's internal studios had been working with the devkit version of the Pro console as early as September 2023.125126 A Game Boost feature would also allow selected PS4 games to have improved resolutions on the Pro system, with about 8,500 such games set to use this feature at launch.127 The Pro model was released globally on November 7, 2024, with a price point of US$699 / £699 / €799.128129

The pricing of the PS5 Pro made it one of the most expensive consoles to be released when accounting for inflation, and the second most-expensive within the PlayStation line following the original PlayStation 3 price of $499+.130 Rolling Stone observed an "overwhelmingly negative" response to the console's limited increase of benefits.131 Sports Illustrated mocked the price point, with editor Dave Aubrey writing: "It feels almost cruel, in a climate like this, to try and convince people that the PS5 Pro, with its meager enhancements, is actually worth the money."132 Sony president Hiroki Totoki stated in an investor call in November 2024 that the company did not believe the high price had a negative impact on sales, since the Pro model was targeting hardcore users who are willing to pay more for high performance.133

30th anniversary editions

Limited quantities of the PS5 Digital Edition and PS5 Pro, with gray cases and special branding, were released on November 21, 2024, to celebrate the brand's 30th anniversary. Similar branded PlayStation DualSense, DualSense Edge, and PlayStation Portal devices were also made available.134

Additional accessories

Accessories include a charging station for the DualSense, a new HD camera, and a media remote control. The Pulse 3D wireless headset is integrated with the PS5's Tempest Engine 3D audio technology.135 The PS5 is backwards compatible with most existing PS4 controllers and accessories for PS4 games only – some with limited functionality. Rock Band peripherals are supported since Rock Band 2.136 PS5 games can use the existing PlayStation Move, PlayStation Camera, PlayStation VR Aim Controller, officially licensed headsets, and specialty controllers with official licenses like flight sticks and racing wheels.137

PlayStation VR2

Main article: PlayStation VR2

Sony announced the PlayStation VR2 for the PlayStation 5 in January 2022.138139140141 A successor to the PlayStation VR, the device consists of a headset featuring dual OLED panels capable of 4K resolution, HDR and 90/120 Hz refresh rates. It also includes two Sense controllers which have 14 embedded IR LEDs for tracking, and haptic feedback and adaptive triggers, similar to the DualSense controller included with the PlayStation 5. The headset features eye-tracking for foveated rendering and in-game features in select games. Additionally, the controllers includes finger touch detection, used to render the position of the thumb, index and middle fingers to show on in-game models. Unlike its predecessor, it does not require external cameras for it positioning; instead, it uses four cameras inside the headset to track the headset and controller's position, using only the headset's USB-C cable to connect to the console.142

The headset launched on February 22, 2023, for $549.99 in the United States, €599.99 in the EU, and £529.99 in the United Kingdom. Games available for the PS VR2 at launch included Horizon Call of the Mountain, Gran Turismo 7, and Resident Evil Village. The headset is not compatible with games released for the previous generation PS VR by default, requiring developers to update their games. The PlayStation VR2 released to positive reviews, but was later criticized for a lack of continued support.143144145

System software

The PlayStation 5's user interface is characterized by Sony as "accessible and informative", providing updates of friends' activities, available multiplayer activities, and single-player missions and rewards. Cerny stated "we don't want the player to have to boot the game, see what's up, boot the game, see what's up", so all of these options are "visible in the UI".146 Matt MacLaurin, the current vice president of UX design at PlayStation, described the redesigned user interface as a "very interesting evolution of the OS", and a "100 percent overhaul of the PS4 UI and some very different new concepts".147 MacLaurin stated that the UI is extremely fast with a new and robust visual language.148

Eurogamer said the user interface was conceived for responsiveness, improved accessibility, clarity, and simplicity.149 It is rendered in 4K resolution and high dynamic range. Users are greeted with a stylistic boot-up animation and a new login screen. The central design concepts and motifs introduced on the PS4 were redesigned into a new home screen user interface. The top of the screen has a row of applications, and two upper tabs to switch between showing games or media apps. Selecting a game reveals individual activities such as a specific level or multiplayer mode. PlayStation Store is no longer a standalone application and is now fully integrated into the home screen user interface.150

The most significant departure from the PS4 interface is the introduction of the Control Center, accessed from the bottom of the screen by pressing the PS button. The Control Center is divided into two sections. The upper portion is a row of cards suggesting actions based on the current game or recent actions such as a group chat. Game-related cards may present players with gameplay information such as a progress report toward completing specific missions, or listing game challenges with an option to jump directly to them. PlayStation Plus subscribers see game activity cards with hints, tips, screenshots, or videos detailing how to complete the activity. System-level items may present the player with options such as PlayStation Store sale information, or recent screenshots taken by the user to be shared. These features are available for PS5 games or for updated PS4 games. The lower portion of the Control Center contains a customizable horizontal row of icons, including notifications, status updates, friends list, and system settings.151 According to internal materials reviewed by Vice, the strategy behind this "activities"-focused UI was to help players in committing time towards games particularly single-player video games which Sony felt were thriving on the PlayStation console environment. Sony recognized that at present, many players did not have as much time to commit to playing games, so the notion of activity cards was used to help give players an idea of what activities they could do in a game and how long it would take so that they could work that activity into their schedule.152

The PlayStation 5 supports multiple streaming services such as Netflix and YouTube, with support for others hinted at in the future.153154155 Sony Pictures Core service was released on the system in 2023. The system included support for PlayStation Now, Sony's subscription-based cloud gaming service, while it was available.156 Sony's Remote Play application, available on the PlayStation 4, Windows, iOS, and Android devices, was updated just prior to the PlayStation 5's launch to allow a user to remotely play their PlayStation 5 games on these other devices over a local network.157

Software updates

In April 2021, Sony released a new software update through which users can transfer their downloaded PS5 game to an external USB hard drive.158 Sony announced a PlayStation 5 system software beta program in June 2021, similar to the Xbox Insider program, where signed-up users can receive early releases of planned updates to the console's software for testing prior to their release.159 One of the first major features offered in this program was support for expanding internal storage via the M.2 port, added in the beta software path in July 2021.160

In September 2021, Sony released a new software update offering support for a new trophy tracker, Control Center customization, 3D audio support for built-in TV speakers, internal SSD expansion and several UX enhancements.161 Sony introduced Game Trials in October 2021, starting with a limited release for UK users for Death Stranding: Director's Cut and Sackboy: A Big Adventure. Users have access to download and play the full version of the game for a fixed amount of time through these Game Trials, after which they would be required to buy the game to continue playing.162

In March 2022, Sony released software update 5.00 which adds several improvements for accessibility such as an improved screen reader with support for features like mono audio, reading notifications aloud, additional language support, and the ability to show a check mark on enabled settings. Support for voice commands was also introduced in this update for users in the United States and United Kingdom, which allows users to control their PlayStation 5 by saying "Hey, PlayStation" and then a chosen command. Support for the Ukrainian language was also added, and Game Base was enhanced with the abilities to view all friends in a new "Friends" tab, more easily decline friend requests, and other enhancements and updates. There were also various enhancements made to trophies, child accounts, the home screen, and other features.163

On March 8, 2023, Sony released software update 7.00, which included VRR support for 1440p resolution, the ability to transfer data between PS5 consoles, support for voice chat on Discord, and support for using voice to save video clips of gameplay (at release, this is only available in English for the US and UK).164

On September 13, 2023, Sony released software update 8.00, which included support for Dolby Atmos, the possibility to use an M.2 SSD with a maximum capacity of 8 TB (up from the previous 4 TB limit), and the ability to mute the start-up beep sound.165

On March 13, 2024, Sony released software update 9.00, which included the ability to adjust the brightness of the PS5's power indicator, added new features in Parties and Share Screen, and improved the DualSense and DualSense Edge wireless controllers mic input quality with a new AI machine-learning model.166

On September 12, 2024, Sony released software update 10.00, which added Welcome hub, Party Share, personalized 3D audio profiles, adaptive controller charging, and support for enabling remote play for individual users.167

On March 25, 2025, Sony released software update 11.00, which added full details displaying on activity cards, support for Unicode 16.0 emojis, parental control adjustments, system performance and stability improvements, and refinements to messages and overall usability on certain system screens.168

Games

Main article: List of PlayStation 5 games

Each PlayStation 5 console comes preinstalled with Astro's Playroom, a game designed to serve as a demonstration of the DualSense controller.169 Games are not region locked, so games purchased in one region can be played on consoles in all regions.170

Sony announced its concurrent responsibilities of supporting the PlayStation 4 community, and embracing the PlayStation 5 as a major technological advancement. In an interview with GamesIndustry.biz, Ryan stated "We have always said that we believe in generations. We believe that when you go to all the trouble of creating a next-gen console, that it should include features and benefits that the previous generation does not include. And that, in our view, people should make games that can make the most of those features."171 Discussing the capabilities of the DualSense controller with Geoff Keighley, General manager Eric Lempel affirmed that Sony "want[s] to evolve every part of the experience", but for that to happen "we can't take everybody with us from previous consoles into [a next-generation experience]. You need new hardware, you need new devices to experience what these developers want you to experience."172173 Ratchet & Clank: Rift Apart was highlighted as a next-generation game that is not technically possible on older hardware. Lempel assured Keighley that interest in PlayStation 4 will not end abruptly, with more to come.174

Sony's definition of consoles as distinct generations had been widely interpreted as an era-defining shift to PS5-exclusive games that exploit the console's capabilities instead of releasing cross-generation games that play across both PlayStation consoles. Ryan said that there should be no disappointment as the PS5 versions take advantage of the console's advanced feature set and initially planned that PS4 versions can be freely upgraded. Few major games such as Horizon Forbidden West are developed as concurrent releases for PS5 and PS4,175 and Sony supports any publisher that wants to offer enhanced versions of PS4 games at no additional cost.176177178179180 However, in May 2021, Sony announced a major shift in this approach, with previously PS5-exclusive games Gran Turismo 7 and God of War Ragnarök now planned as both PS5 and PS4 games. Game journalists believed this was a factor related to the effect of the global semiconductor shortage from the COVID-19 pandemic on PlayStation 5 availability.181 Sony initially had planned to charge PS4 users to upgrade to the PS5 version of Horizon Forbidden West when preorders were announced, but after negative feedback from consumers (who pointed out that Sony had previously mentioned that Horizon Forbidden West would have a free upgrade), stated that this upgrade will be free, but all future PS4 to PS5 upgrades from their first-party games will be at cost, reversing course from their earlier plans.182

Eurogamer reported that Sony's certification program as of May 2020 required PS4 games, submitted for certification after July 13, 2020, to be natively compatible with the PlayStation 5.183

Backward compatibility

See also: List of PlayStation 4 games, list of PlayStation VR games, and list of PlayStation 2 games for PlayStation 4

According to Hideaki Nishino, Sony's senior vice president of Platform Planning and Management, the PS5 is designed to be backward compatible with more than "99 percent" of PS4's 4,000+ game library, playable from launch day.184 The console is compatible with PlayStation VR.185 Because of PS5's high-speed SSD and increased processing power, many PS4 games gain from improved loading times or gameplay speeds "so that they can benefit from higher or more stable frame rates and potentially higher resolutions".186187 Players can synchronize their saved game files through cloud storage or transfer them using a USB storage device so no progress is lost.188 Backward compatibility is enabled in part by the similarity of hardware architecture, such as "extra logic" in the RDNA 2 GPU that ensures compatibility with PS4's GCN-based GPU.189190 Mark Cerny explained during a March 2020 presentation and later in an interview with Digital Foundry how CPU clock timing required particular attention; though the Zen 2 CPU has an instruction set to handle the PS4's Jaguar CPU, their timings can be very different, so Sony worked closely with AMD when developing the Zen 2 CPU to more closely match the Jaguar's timings.191 PS5 backward compatibility may exhibit errors with some PS4 games,192 and does not include previous generations. However, some older PlayStation console games are available through the PlayStation Plus game streaming service which is available for the PlayStation 5.193194 The PlayStation 4's Share menu cannot be displayed but the PS5's Create menu can be used to capture screenshots or video.195

All compatible downloaded versions of PS4 games are visible in the library on the PS5 and available for download. The games can also be copied via USB hard drive or Wi-Fi. Save data can be copied in the same way or via the cloud storage.196 On October 9, 2020, Sony released a list of ten PS4 games identified as being incompatible with PS5; the list has shortened since as some developers released compatibility updates for previously incompatible games.197 As of December 16, 2021, the official PlayStation website shows six PS4 games that remain incompatible with PS5; Afro Samurai 2: Revenge of Kuma Volume One, Hitman Go: Definitive Edition, Just Deal With It!, Robinson: The Journey, Shadwen, and We Sing.198

Reception

The PlayStation 5 was generally well received at launch, with much praise of its DualSense controller's improved haptic feedback and adaptive triggers.199 Astro's Playroom, which comes preinstalled on every PS5 and is designed to demonstrate the controller's features, was praised with Laptop Mag calling it "deceptively cute".200 The exclusive line-up, including Spider-Man: Miles Morales and Demon's Souls, was heavily praised, although some reviewers, such as TechRadar, said there should have been more launch games.201 The console's user interface was generally praised for being fast and easy to navigate.202

Many reviewers found the console's design polarizing. CNET described the black and white scheme as "clearly meant to be a sculptural conversation piece". The large size was criticized by Tom's Guide as "inelegant",203 and by others as frustrating its integration into a home entertainment center.204 Many also acknowledged the size for improving the cooling and quieting of its operation.205206 The comparatively small 667 GB of usable SSD space was criticized.207

More technical reviews, such as those by Digital Foundry, noted that features such as variable refresh rate and the advertised 8K video output mode were not present at launch. They lauded the ray tracing, SSD speed, and 120 Hz output capabilities.208

Sales

The PlayStation 5, as with the Xbox Series X/S, was in limited supply immediately upon launch,209 and through 2021 due to a global semiconductor shortage,210211 combined with increased demand for video game consoles due to the COVID-19 pandemic.212 Sony expected supply to continue to be limited until at least 2022.213 Scalpers took advantage of the shortage, attempting to sell the console for thousands of dollars.214 Sony expanded its PlayStation Direct program to sell consoles directly to consumers within Europe in November 2021 to bypass scalpers.215216

Two weeks after launch, Sony declared the largest launch in PlayStation history, surpassing the PlayStation 4's 2.1 million units in its first two weeks in 2013.217 During the system's first week of release in Japan, 103,901 standard consoles were sold, and 14,181 Digital Editions were sold, for a combined total of 118,082, making it the best-selling console in the country for that week.218 By September 2021, Sony reported over a million PS5 sales in Japan. In comparison, its predecessor did not reach a million units sold until a year after release.219 In the UK, the PS5 was the best-selling video game console sold in the month of November.220 In Spain, the PS5 sold over 43,000 units in the first week of release.221

Sony reported total shipments of the PS5 through its fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2020 of 4.5 million units, which were similar numbers to the PS4's launch shipments.222223 Total shipments of PlayStation 5 reached 7.8 million by March 31, 2021, surpassing the 7.6 million units that the PS4 had shipped in its first two-quarters of release.224 Sony reported that as of July 18, 2021, 10 million PS5 units had been sold through, making the PS5 its fastest-selling console to date.225226 The company later confirmed that by June 30, 2021, it had shipped 10.1 million consoles, indicating that nearly every shipped console had been sold as soon as it reached the market.227 Console shipments surpassed 13.4 million as of September 30, 2021.228 The company anticipated in August that it would have enough stock hardware to ship more than 22 million PS5 units by the end of its 2021 fiscal year in March 2022,229 but this was revised to 15 million units in November. Despite this, sales during the fiscal year 2022 were forecast to increase to 22.6 million units.230 Bloomberg News reported in January 2022 that Sony was continuing production of the PS4 rather than discontinue it at the end of 2021, in order to help alleviate the shortage of the PS5 while the chip shortage continued.231 By the end of September 2024, total shipments of PS5 units had reached 65 million units.232

Sales of the PS5 reached 20 million units by May 2022,233 40 million units by July 2023,234 50 million units by December 2023,235 and 75 million units by February 2025.236

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References

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