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FR-2
Designation for synthetic resin bonded paper

FR-2 (Flame Resistant 2) is a NEMA designation for synthetic resin bonded paper, a composite material made of paper impregnated with a plasticized phenol formaldehyde resin, used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards. Its main properties are similar to NEMA grade XXXP (MIL-P-3115) material, and can be substituted for the latter in many applications.

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Applications

FR-2 sheet with copper foil lamination on one or both sides is widely used to build low-end consumer electronics equipment. While its electrical and mechanical properties are inferior to those of epoxy-bonded fiberglass, FR-4, it is significantly cheaper. It is not suitable for devices installed in vehicles, as continuous vibration can make cracks propagate, causing hairline fractures in copper circuit traces. Without copper foil lamination, FR-2 is sometimes used for simple structural shapes and electrical insulation.

Properties

PropertyValue
Dielectric constant, or relative permittivity4.5 @ 1 MHz
Dissipation factor0.024–0.26 @ 1 MHz
Dielectric strength29 kV/mm (740 V/thou)

Fabrication

FR-2 can be machined by drilling, sawing, milling and hot punching. Cold punching and shearing are not recommended, as they leave a ragged edge and tend to cause cracking. Tools made of high-speed steel can be used, although tungsten carbide tooling is preferred for high volume production.

Adequate ventilation or respiration protection are mandatory during high-speed machining, as it gives off toxic vapors.

Trade names and synonyms

  • Carta1
  • Haefelyt
  • Lamitex
  • Paxolin, Paxoline
  • Pertinax,2 taken over by Lamitec3 and Dr. Dietrich Müller GmbH in 20144
  • Getinax (in the Ex-USSR)
  • Phenolic paper
  • Preßzell5
  • Repelit6
  • Synthetic resin bonded paper (SRBP)
  • Turbonit7
  • Veroboard
  • Wahnerit8

See also

Further reading

References

  1. Mehdorn, Walter (1949). Kunstharzpreßstoffe und andere Kunststoffe - Eigenschaften, Verarbeitung, Anwendungen (PDF) (in German) (3 ed.). p. 240. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12205-1. ISBN 978-3-662-12206-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2021-03-20. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) (viii+355 pages) 978-3-662-12206-8 ↩

  2. Mehdorn, Walter (1949). Kunstharzpreßstoffe und andere Kunststoffe - Eigenschaften, Verarbeitung, Anwendungen (PDF) (in German) (3 ed.). p. 240. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12205-1. ISBN 978-3-662-12206-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2021-03-20. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) (viii+355 pages) 978-3-662-12206-8 ↩

  3. "lamitec.de". Archived from the original on 2006-08-04. Retrieved 2006-08-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20060804083728/http://lamitec.de/ ↩

  4. "Pertinax – ein traditionsreiches Material mit neuer Zukunft" (in German). Müller Ahlhorn. 2014-01-06. Archived from the original on 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2021-03-20. https://www.mueller-ahlhorn.com/de/pertinax-ein-traditionsreiches-material-mit-neuer-zukunft/ ↩

  5. Mehdorn, Walter (1949). Kunstharzpreßstoffe und andere Kunststoffe - Eigenschaften, Verarbeitung, Anwendungen (PDF) (in German) (3 ed.). p. 240. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12205-1. ISBN 978-3-662-12206-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2021-03-20. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) (viii+355 pages) 978-3-662-12206-8 ↩

  6. Mehdorn, Walter (1949). Kunstharzpreßstoffe und andere Kunststoffe - Eigenschaften, Verarbeitung, Anwendungen (PDF) (in German) (3 ed.). p. 240. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12205-1. ISBN 978-3-662-12206-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2021-03-20. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) (viii+355 pages) 978-3-662-12206-8 ↩

  7. Mehdorn, Walter (1949). Kunstharzpreßstoffe und andere Kunststoffe - Eigenschaften, Verarbeitung, Anwendungen (PDF) (in German) (3 ed.). p. 240. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12205-1. ISBN 978-3-662-12206-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2021-03-20. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) (viii+355 pages) 978-3-662-12206-8 ↩

  8. Mehdorn, Walter (1949). Kunstharzpreßstoffe und andere Kunststoffe - Eigenschaften, Verarbeitung, Anwendungen (PDF) (in German) (3 ed.). p. 240. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12205-1. ISBN 978-3-662-12206-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2021-03-20. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) (viii+355 pages) 978-3-662-12206-8 ↩

  9. Mehdorn, Walter (1949). Kunstharzpreßstoffe und andere Kunststoffe - Eigenschaften, Verarbeitung, Anwendungen (PDF) (in German) (3 ed.). p. 240. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12205-1. ISBN 978-3-662-12206-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2021-03-20. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) (viii+355 pages) 978-3-662-12206-8 ↩