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Lithium iodide
Chemical compound

Lithium iodide, or LiI, is a compound of lithium and iodine. When exposed to air, it becomes yellow in color, due to the oxidation of iodide to iodine. It crystallizes in the NaCl motif. It can participate in various hydrates.

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Applications

Lithium iodide is used as a solid-state electrolyte for high-temperature batteries. It is also the standard electrolyte in artificial pacemakers4 due to the long cycle life it enables.5 The solid is used as a phosphor for neutron detection.6 It is also used, in a complex with Iodine, in the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cells.

In organic synthesis, LiI is useful for cleaving C-O bonds. For example, it can be used to convert methyl esters to carboxylic acids:7

RCO2CH3 + LiI → RCO2Li + CH3I

Similar reactions apply to epoxides and aziridines.

Lithium iodide was used as a radiocontrast agent for CT scans. Its use was discontinued due to renal toxicity. Inorganic iodine solutions suffered from hyperosmolarity and high viscosities. Current iodinated contrast agents are organoiodine compounds.8

It is also useful in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of lipids by adding lithium salts to the matrix solution.9

See also

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References

  1. "Lithium iodide" (PDF). ESPI Corp. MSDS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2005-09-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20080309151355/http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/lithiumiodide.pdf ↩

  2. Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  3. Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_393. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  4. Holmes, C. (2007-09-28). "The Lithium/Iodine-Polyvinylpyridine Pacemaker Battery - 35 years of Successful Clinical Use". ECS Transactions. 6 (5): 1–7. Bibcode:2007ECSTr...6e...1H. doi:10.1149/1.2790382. ISSN 1938-5862. S2CID 138189063. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2790382/meta ↩

  5. Hanif, Maryam (2008). "The Pacemaker Battery - Review Article". UIC Bioengineering Student Journal. ↩

  6. Nicholson, K. P.; et al. (1955). "Some lithium iodide phosphors for slow neutron detection". Br. J. Appl. Phys. 6 (3): 104–106. Bibcode:1955BJAP....6..104N. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/6/3/311. /wiki/Bibcode_(identifier) ↩

  7. Charette, André B.; Barbay, J. Kent and He, Wei (2005) "Lithium Iodide" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rl121.pub2 /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  8. Lusic, Hrvoje; Grinstaff, Mark W. (2013). "X-ray-Computed Tomography Contrast Agents". Chemical Reviews. 113 (3): 1641–66. doi:10.1021/cr200358s. PMC 3878741. PMID 23210836. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3878741 ↩

  9. Petit, Cerruti; Touboul, Laprévote (2011). "MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of lipids by adding lithium salts to the matrix solution". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 401 (1): 75–87. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4814-9. PMC 3878741. PMID 21380605. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3878741 ↩