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List of Palestinian suicide attacks

This article outlines a list of Palestinian suicide attacks mainly targeting Israeli civilians, actions considered illegal under international law. These attacks began in 1989, peaking during the Second Intifada and Al-Aqsa Intifada, with about 40% originating from East Jerusalem. Between 2000 and 2005, groups like Hamas, Fatah, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad were responsible for most attacks, which sharply declined after 2008. The Simon Wiesenthal Center, along with Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, has advocated classifying such acts as crimes against humanity.

1980s

1989

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef.
Bus 405 suicide attackJuly 6, 1989Near Kiryat Yearim1617Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad.7

1990s

1993

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Mehola Junction bombingApril 16, 1993Mehola junction110Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.89
Beit El car bombOctober 4, 1993Near Beit Elnone29Hamas member Sulayman Zidan was responsible.1011

1994

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Afula Bus suicide bombingApril 6, 1994Afula840Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.12
Hadera bus station suicide bombingApril 13, 1994Hadera530Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.13
Dizengoff Street bus bombingOctober 19, 1994Tel Aviv2250Attributed to Hamas.14
Netzarim Junction bicycle bombingNovember 11, 1994Netzarim311Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.1516
Jerusalem bus bombingDecember 25, 1994Jerusalem013Attributed to Hamas.1718

1995

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Beit Lid massacreJanuary 22, 1995Beit Lid Junction2169Two bombers. One detonated at rescue party. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.19
Kfar Darom bus attackApril 9, 1995Vicinity of Kfar Darom852Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.20
Ramat Gan bus 20 bombingJuly 24, 1995Ramat Gan630Hamas claimed responsibility.
Ramat Eshkol bus bombingAugust 21, 1995Jerusalem4100+Police Chief Noam Eisenman was killed. Hamas claimed responsibility.

1996

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
First Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombingFebruary 25, 1996Jerusalem Central Bus station2648Hamas claimed responsibility.21
Ashkelon bus station bombingFebruary 25, 1996Ashqelon280+Hamas claimed responsibility.22
Second Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombingMarch 3, 1996Jaffa street, Jerusalem197Hamas claimed responsibility.
Dizengoff Center suicide bombingMarch 4, 1996Tel Aviv13130Attributed to Hamas. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

1997

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Café Apropo bombingMarch 21, 1997Tel Aviv347Hamas claimed responsibility.23
Netzarim bombingApril 1, 1997Netzarim00Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.24
Kfar Darom bombingApril 1, 1997Kfar Darom05Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.25
1st Mahane Yehuda Market attackJuly 30, 1997Jerusalem main market16170Hamas claimed responsibility.26
Ben Yehuda Street BombingSeptember 4, 1997Jerusalem Ben Yehuda Street5192Hamas claimed responsibility.27

1998

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Kfar Darom school bus bombingOctober 29, 1998Gaza Strip13Hamas claimed responsibility.2829
Jerusalem bombing (1998)November 6, 1998Jerusalem22020 wounded. Two Islamic Jihad suicide bombers.30

1999

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Egged bus 960 bombingSeptember 5, 1999Tveria01Hamas claimed responsibility.3132
Haifa Central Bus Station bombingSeptember 5, 1999Haifa00Hamas claimed responsibility.3334

2000s

2000

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Gaza bombingOctober 26, 2000Gaza Strip01Youth suicide bomber on bike. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.35
2000 Mahane Yehuda Market attackNovember 2, 2000Jerusalem29Booby-trapped car. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.3637[verification needed]
Mehola bombingDecember 22, 2000Mehola Junction03Hamas claimed responsibility.38

2001

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef.
Netanya centre bombingJanuary 1, 2001Netanya060Hamas claimed responsibility.3940
Netanya bombing attackJanuary 8, 2001Netanya024Hamas claimed responsibility.41
Mei Ami junction bombingMarch 1, 2001Vadi Ara19Hamas claimed responsibility.4243
Netanya bombingMarch 4, 2001Netanya360Hamas claimed responsibility.44
Egged bus 6 bombingMarch 27, 2001French Hill, Jerusalem028Hamas claimed responsibility.4546
Mifgash Shalom attackMarch 28, 2001Kfar Saba24Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.47484950
Kfar Saba bombingApril 22, 2001Kfar Saba150Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.5152
Or Yehuda bombingApril 23, 2001Near Ben Gurion Airport08Hamas claimed responsibility.53
Nablus school bus bombingApril 29, 2001Nablus, West Bank00Hamas claimed responsibility.54
1st HaSharon Mall suicide bombingMay 18, 2001Netanya5100Hamas claimed responsibility.55
Hadera bus station suicide bombingMay 25, 2001Central bus station, Hadera0652 Palestinians within a car bomb. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.56
Gaza Strip suicide bombingMay 29, 2001Gaza Strip00No group claimed responsibility.57
Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombingJune 1, 2001Tel Aviv21100+Hamas claimed responsibility.58
Dugit bombingJune 22, 2001Gaza Strip20Car explosion. Hamas claimed responsibility.5960
Kissufim bombingJuly 9, 2001Southern Gaza Strip crossing point00Hamas claimed responsibility.61
Binyamina train station suicide bombingJuly 16, 2001Binyamina211Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.62
Moshav Beka'ot bombingAugust 8, 2001Northern Jordan Valley01Hamas claimed responsibility.63
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombingAugust 9, 2001Jerusalem16130Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.64
Wall Street Cafe bombingAugust 12, 2001Kiryat Motzkin021Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.656667
Hanevi'im street bombingSeptember 4, 2001Jerusalem021Hamas claimed responsibility.68
Jerusalem car bombingsSeptember 4, 2001Jerusalem023Series of car bombs.6970
Nahariya train station suicide bombingSeptember 9, 2001Nahariya Railway Station394Suicide bomber was an Arab Israeli citizen. Hamas claimed responsibility.71
Beit Lid junction bombingSeptember 9, 2001Near Netanya011Hamas claimed responsibility.7273
Kibbutz Shluhot bombingOctober 7, 2001Kibbutz Shluhot10Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.7475
Kibbutz Be'eri Suicide BombingOctober 17, 2001Kibbutz Be'eri02The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine claimed responsibility.76
Erez Crossing attackNovember 26, 2001Erez Crossing02Hamas claimed responsibility.77
1st Egged bus 823 bombingNovember 29, 2001Haifa39Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.7879
Ben Yehuda Street BombingDecember 1, 2001Downtown Jerusalem11188Hamas claimed responsibility.80
Haifa bus 16 suicide bombingDecember 2, 2001Haifa1540Hamas claimed responsibility.81
Hilton Mamilla bombingDecember 5, 2001Mamilla, Jerusalem011Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Hamas.82
Check Post Junction bus bombingDecember 9, 2001Haifa030A second unexploded device was found nearby.83
Neve Dekalim bombingDecember 12, 2001Neve Dekalim04Hamas claimed responsibility.84

2002

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef.
Tel Aviv outdoor mall bombingJanuary 25, 2002Tel Aviv025Double Suicide attack, carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Fatah.85
2002 Hadera attackJanuary 17, 2002Hadera633Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.8687
Jaffa Street bombingJanuary 27, 2002Jerusalem1100+First female suicide bomber in the second intifada, Wafa Idris. Fatah claimed responsibility.88
Tayibe bombingJanuary 30, 2002Tayibe02Fatah claimed responsibility.89
Karnei Shomron Mall suicide bombingFebruary 16, 2002Karnei Shomron, West Bank330PFLP claimed responsibility.90
Hadera suicide bombing attackFebruary 17, 2002Hadera04Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.9192
Maale Adumim - Jerusalem road bombingFebruary 18, 2002Jerusalem11Soldier killed by an explosive that was detonated by the driver of the car he was checking. Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.93
Kissufim bombingFebruary 18, 2002Kissufim Crossing33Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades is suspected in the incident.94
Mehola bombingFebruary 19, 2002Mehola00Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.95
Efrat supermarket bombing attackFebruary 22, 2002Efrat, West Bank01Suicide bomber in supermarket.96
Maccabim bombingFebruary 27, 2002Maccabim02No group claimed responsibility.97
Modi'in bombingFebruary 28, 2002Modi'in Illit00No group claimed responsibility.9899
Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacreMarch 2, 2002Jerusalem1150+Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.100
2nd Egged bus 823 bombingMarch 5, 2002Afula15Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.101102
Ariel hotel lobby bombingMarch 7, 2002Ariel, West Bank015PFLP claimed responsibility.103
Café Moment bombingMarch 9, 2002Rehavia, Jerusalem1154Hamas claimed responsibility.104
Egged bus 22 bombingMarch 17, 2002Jerusalem025Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.105106
3rd Egged bus 823 bombingMarch 20, 2002Vadi Ara7~30Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.107
King George Street bombingMarch 21, 2002Jerusalem342+Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.108
Jenin bombingMarch 22, 2002Jenin01Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.109
Jerusalem bombingMarch 26, 2002Jerusalem00Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.110
Passover massacreMarch 27, 2002Netanya30140Suicide attack on Passover seder in Park Hotel. Carried out by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.111
Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombingMarch 29, 2002Kiryat Yovel228Hamas claimed responsibility.112113
Allenby Street coffee shop bombingMarch 30, 2002Tel Aviv1~30Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.114
Matza restaurant suicide bombingMarch 31, 2002Haifa1631Hamas claimed responsibility.115116
Efrat Medical CenterMarch 31, 2002Efrat, West Bank04Hamas claimed responsibility.117118
Jerusalem Roadblock bombingApril 1, 2002Jerusalem10Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.119
Yagur Junction bombingApril 10, 2002Yagur819Hamas claimed responsibility.120
2002 Mahane Yehuda Market bombingApril 12, 2002Jerusalem6112Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.121122
Gush Katif bombingApril 19, 2002Gush Katif02Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.123
2002 Rishon LeZion bombingMay 7, 2002Rishon LeZion1655Hamas claimed responsibility.124125
Netanya Market bombingMay 19, 2002Netanya359Carried out by Hamas together with PFLP126127
Afula road bombingMay 20, 2002Afula00Hamas claimed responsibility.128
Rothschild Street bombingMay 22, 2002Rishon Lezion340Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.129130131
Pi Glilot bombingMay 23, 2002North of Tel Aviv00A bomb exploded underneath a fuel truck. The truck burst into flames, but the blaze was quickly contained.132
Studio 49 Disco bombingMay 24, 2002Tel Aviv02The security guard opened fire on a Palestinian attempting to detonate a car bomb. The Palestinian was killed, but the bomb exploded prematurely, injuring bystanders. Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.133134
Petah Tikva Mall bombingMay 27, 2002Petah Tikva237Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.135
Megiddo Junction bus bombingJune 5, 2002Megiddo Junction1738Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.136
Herzliya shawarma restaurant bombingJune 11, 2002Herzliya115No group claimed responsibility.137138
Kafr Salem bombingJune 17, 2002Kafr Salem00No group claimed responsibility.139
Patt Junction Bus BombingJune 18, 2002Jerusalem1974+Hamas claimed responsibility.140141
French Hill Junction massacreJune 19, 2002French Hill, Jerusalem635Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.142143
Immanuel bus attackJuly 16, 2002Emmanuel-Bnei Brak bus 189920Detonation of an explosive device and shooting. Hamas claimed responsibility.144
Neve Shaanan Street bombingJuly 17, 2002Southern Tel Aviv540Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.145
Nevi'im Street bombingJuly 30, 2002Jerusalem05Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.146
Hebrew University massacreJuly 31, 2002Hebrew University, Jerusalem980Included American and French casualties. Bomber was from East Jerusalem. Hamas claimed responsibility.147
Meron Junction Bus 361 attackAugust 4, 2002Meron Junction938Arab bomber with Israeli citizenship. Hamas claimed responsibility.148
1st Umm al-Fahm bombingAugust 5, 2002Umm al-Fahm Junction in Wadi Ara01The Palestinian exploded in a taxi killing himself and wounding an Israeli-Arab driver from Nazareth.149
2nd Umm al-Fahm bombingSeptember 18, 2002Umm al-Fahm Junction in Wadi Ara13Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.150
Allenby Street bus bombingSeptember 19, 2002Tel Aviv6~70Hamas claimed responsibility.151
Geha road bombingOctober 10, 2002Bar-Ilan interchange, Geha road112Hamas claimed responsibility.152
Karkur junction suicide bombingOctober 21, 2002Karkur Junction1440+2 Suicide bombers used a booby-trapped jeep with 100 kg TNT. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.153
Sonol gas station bombingOctober 27, 2002Ariel, West Bank3~18Victims killed while trying to prevent the Palestinian from detonating the bomb. Hamas claimed responsibility.154
Kfar Saba shopping mall bombingNovember 4, 2002Kfar Saba2~70Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.155
Kiryat Menachem bus bombingNovember 21, 2002Kiryat Menachem, Jerusalem1150+Hamas claimed responsibility.156
Erez Crossing bombingNovember 22, 2022Erez Crossing20Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.157

2003

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef.
Tel-Aviv central bus station massacreJanuary 5, 2003Southern Tel Aviv23~120Carried out by two members of the Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, with the help of Palestinian Islamic Jihad.158
Haifa bus 37 suicide bombingMarch 5, 2003Carmeliya neighborhood, Haifa1753Hamas claimed responsibility159
London Cafe bombingMarch 30, 2003Netanya026Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.160
Kfar Saba train station bombingApril 24, 2003Kfar Saba124PFLP claimed responsibility jointly with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.161
Mike's Place suicide bombingApril 30, 2003Mike's Place pub, Tel Aviv350+Carried out by Hamas using a British Muslim citizen of Pakistani descent and together with al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.162
Gross square attackMay 17, 2003Gross square, Hebron, West Bank20Hamas claimed responsibility.163164
Jerusalem bus 6 bombingMay 18, 2003Jerusalem720Hamas claimed responsibility.165
3rd Kfar Darom bombingMay 19, 2003Gaza Strip03A Palestinian suicide bomber riding a bicycle blew up himself next to a military jeep. Hamas claimed responsibility.166
Afula mall bombingMay 19, 2003Afula shopping center370Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Fatah claimed responsibility167
Davidka Square bus bombingJune 11, 2003Downtown Jerusalem17100+Hamas claimed responsibility.168
Sdei Trumot bombingJune 19, 2003Moshav Sdei Trumot10Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.169
Kfar Yavetz bombingJuly 7, 2003Kfar Yavetz13Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.170
Ariel bus station bombingAugust 12, 2003Ariel, West Bank12Victims were soldiers waiting at a bus station.171
Rosh HaAyin bombingAugust 12, 2003Rosh HaAyin10Palestinian suicide bomber at a supermarket172
Shmuel HaNavi bus bombingAugust 19, 2003Shmuel Hanavi, Jerusalem23130+Hamas claimed responsibility.173
Tzrifin bus stop attackSeptember 9, 2003Tzrifin930Hamas claimed responsibility.174
Café Hillel bombingSeptember 9, 2003Jerusalem750+Hamas claimed responsibility.175176
Maxim restaurant suicide bombingOctober 4, 2003Haifa2160Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.177
Tulkarem bombingOctober 9, 2003Tulkarem, West Bank03Fatah claimed responsibility.178
Azzoun bombingNovember 3, 2003Azzoun, West Bank00Responsibility remains unclaimed.179
Geha Interchange bus stop bombingDecember 25, 2003Geha Junction420+PFLP claimed responsibility.180

2004

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
3rd Erez Crossing attackJanuary 14, 2004Gaza Strip410Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade and Hamas claimed joint responsibility.
Gaza Street bus bombingJanuary 29, 2004Rehavia, Jerusalem1150+Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade and Hamas claimed responsibility.
Liberty Bell Park bus bombingFebruary 22, 2004Liberty Bell Garden, Jerusalem860Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade claimed responsibility.
4th Erez Crossing attackMarch 6, 2004Gaza Strip220Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the military wing of Fatah claimed responsibility.181182
Ashdod Port massacreMarch 14, 2004Port of Ashdod1016Double suicide bombing. Carried out by Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade together with Hamas.
5th Erez Crossing attackApril 17, 2004Gaza Strip13No group claimed responsibility.183184
Beka'ot checkpoint bombingMay 22, 2004Beka'ot checkpoint, Jordan Valley, West Bank01PFLP claimed responsibility.

185186

Beersheba bus bombingsAugust 31, 2004Downtown Beersheba on buses 7 and 1216100+Hamas claimed responsibility.
Sinai bombingsOctober 7, 2004Sinai peninsula, Egypt34171Suicide bombing at two Sinai holiday resorts frequented by Israeli tourists: thirty-one died at the Taba Hilton and three at Ras a-Satan. Among the dead were 12 Israelis; over 120 were wounded. The attack was masterminded by Iyad Saleh and carried out by a Palestinian group.
Carmel Market bombingNovember 1, 2004Tel Aviv330PFLP claimed responsibility.187188

2005

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Karni border crossing attackJanuary 13, 2005Karni crossing, Gaza Strip65Carried out together by Hamas with Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and Popular Resistance Committees.
Stage Club bombingFebruary 25, 2005Tel Aviv sea promenade550+Carried out together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and with Hizballah involvement.
2nd HaSharon Mall suicide bombingJuly 12, 2005Netanya590+Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Hadera Market bombingOctober 26, 2005Hadera755Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
3rd HaSharon Mall suicide bombingDecember 5, 2005Netanya540+Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

2006

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
1st Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombingJanuary 19, 2006Near Tel Aviv old central bus station032Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Kedumim bombingMarch 30, 2006Kdumim, West Bank40Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
2nd Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombingApril 17, 2006Near Tel Aviv old central bus station1168Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.

2007

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Eilat bakery bombingJanuary 29, 2007Eilat32Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claim joint responsibility.189

2008

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Dimona bombingFebruary 4, 2008Dimona19The Damascus leadership of Hamas claimed responsibility, but it has been argued they knew nothing of it, and that the operation was undertaken at the initiative of Hamas leaders in Gaza.190191
Kerem Shalom suicide bombingApril 19, 2008Kerem Shalom border crossing, Gaza Strip013Three Palestinian suicide bombers broke through the border fence to attack the Kerem Shalom IDF post, blowing themselves up and wounding several Israeli soldiers. Hamas claimed responsibility.192193

2010s

2015

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Ma'ale Adumim attempted bombingOctober 11, 2015Jerusalem01Palestinian female bomber detonates a bomb in her car after being stopped by traffic cops, on the road from the Israeli settlement of Ma'ale Adumim to Jerusalem.194

2016

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
2016 Jerusalem bus bombingApril 18, 2016Jerusalem020A member of Hamas was involved, but Hamas, while praising the act, did not claim responsibility.195196197

2020s

2024

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Lehi Street bombingAugust 18, 2024Tel Aviv01Hamas and Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility. Israel confirmed it was a terrorist attack involving a powerful explosive.198

See also

Notes

Citations

Sources

References

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  2. "Protection of the civilian population". Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. International Committee of the Red Cross. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2014. http://www.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750065 ↩

  3. Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers pdf Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume 21, Number 3, Summer 2007. Pages 223–238 Archived January 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/benmelech/files/JEP_0807.pdf ↩

  4. "During the second intifada, from October 2000 until October 2005, 30 suicide bombings and other attacks killed 195 people and injured many more in Jerusalem. Of these, 186 casualties resulted from attacks perpetrated by Jerusalem residents."[4] ↩

  5. Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers pdf Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume 21, Number 3, Summer 2007. Pages 223–238 Archived January 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/benmelech/files/JEP_0807.pdf ↩

  6. The European Union, Antisemitism, and the Politics of Denial, University of Nebraska Press, by R. Amy Elman, page 90 https://books.google.com/books?id=O-MoDwAAQBAJ&dq=wiesenthal+center+%22suicide+bombing%22+%22crime+against+humanity%22&pg=PA90 ↩

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  8. The Consequences of Israel Counter Terrorism Policy, Pia Therese Jansen, p.48 ↩

  9. "Suicide car bomb kills 2 near West Bank restaurant". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. April 17, 1993. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2G4fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=l3sEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6767,1277511 ↩

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  15. "List of Islamic Suicide Bombings in Israel". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. March 20, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2024. https://www.jta.org/archive/list-of-islamic-suicide-bombings-in-israel-2 ↩

  16. "Suicide and Other Bombing Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles (Sept 1993)". https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/General/suicide-and-other-bombing-attacks-since-the-declaration-of-principles ↩

  17. Incident Summary for GTDID: 199412250003 START (National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism). (2022). Global Terrorism Database, 1970-2020 https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=199412250003 ↩

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  31. Middle East Intelligence BulletinArchived 2022-05-28 at the Wayback Machine Israel Confronts the Enemy Within https://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/9909_me1.htm ↩

  32. "CNN - Explosions rock Mideast peace efforts on heels of accord - September 5, 1999". www.cnn.com. Retrieved April 2, 2024. http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/meast/9909/05/mideast.03/ ↩

  33. Middle East Intelligence BulletinArchived 2022-05-28 at the Wayback Machine Israel Confronts the Enemy Within https://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/9909_me1.htm ↩

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