This is a list of letters of the Latin script. The definition of a Latin-script letter for this list is a character encoded in the Unicode Standard that has a script property of 'Latin' and the general category of 'Letter'. An overview of the distribution of Latin-script letters in Unicode is given in Latin script in Unicode.
Basic Latin
ISO basic Latin alphabet1| Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz |
Extensions
| Letter | Name | Writing system | IPA value(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᴀ | Small capital A | Nonstandard IPA | /ä/ | Used in Sinological phonetic notation |
| FUT2 | /ɑ̥/ | |||
| Ɐ ɐ ᵄ | Turned A | IPA3 | /ɐ/ | IPA near-open central vowel |
| Ɑ ɑ ᵅ | Alpha (script A) | IPA, Cameroon Languages, Duka | /ɑ/ | IPA open back unrounded vowel, cf. Greek: Α α |
| ꬰ | Barred alpha | Otto Bremer's transcription4 | Otto Bremer's phonetic transcription system for German dialectology5 | |
| ꭤ | Inverted alpha | APA6 | /ä/ | |
| Ɒ ɒ ᶛ | Turned alpha (turned script A) | IPA7 | /ɒ/ | IPA open back rounded vowel |
| ʙ 𐞄 | Small capital B | IPA | /ʙ/ | IPA voiced bilabial trill; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter8 |
| Finno-Ugric transcription (FUT)9 | /b̥/ | |||
| ᴃ ᴯ | Small capital barred B | /β̞/ | ||
| Ꞗ ꞗ | B with flourish | Middle Vietnamese10 | /β/ | |
| Ꞵ ꞵ | Latin Beta | Nonstandard IPA, Gabon languages | /β/ | Gabon Languages Scientific Alphabet [fr]; cf. Greek Β β |
| ᴄ | Small capital C | FUT11 | /t̬͡s/ | |
| Ↄ ↄ | Reversed C | Claudian letters12 | /(b~p)s/ | |
| Ꭓ ꭓ | Chi | Nonstandard IPA | /χ/ | |
| Lepsius Standard Alphabet | /x/ | |||
| Teuthonista13 | /ç/ or /ʝ/ | |||
| ꭕ | Chi with low left serif | |||
| ꭔ | Chi with low right ring | |||
| Ð ð ᶞ | Eth | IPA | /ð/ | IPA voiced dental fricative, see also Elfdalian, African languages |
| Icelandic, Old English | /ð~θ/ | |||
| Faroese | /∅/ | |||
| ꟈ | D with short stroke overlay; tau gallicum | Gaulish14 | /t͡s/ and /st-/ | |
| Ꝺ ꝺ | Insular D | (Archaic) Cornish, Welsh15 | /ð/ | |
| Insular script | /d/ | |||
| ᴅ | Small capital D | FUT16 | /d̥/ | |
| ᴆ | Small capital eth | /ɾ̥/ | ||
| ꝱ | Dum | Latin, Medieval abbreviation17 | /dum/, /ˈdɪ.ɛː/ | |
| ẟ | Delta | Middle Welsh (scholarly transcriptions)18 | /ð/ | cf. Greek Δ δ |
| ᴇ | Small capital E | FUT19 | /e̞̥/ | |
| ꬲ | Blackletter E | Teuthonista20 | ||
| ꬳ | Barred E | |||
| ꬴ | E with flourish | |||
| Ǝ ᴲ ǝ | Turned E | Pan-Nigerian alphabet | ||
| Anii alphabet21 | /ə~ɨ/ | |||
| Awing alphabet22 | /e~ə/ | |||
| Kanuri alphabet23 | ||||
| Lama alphabet24 | ||||
| Lukpa alphabet 25 | ||||
| Turka alphabet | ||||
| ⱻ | Small capital turned E | Finno-Ugric transcription (FUT)26 | ||
| Ə ə ₔ ᵊ | Schwa | IPA, Yom alphabet | /ə/ | IPA mid central vowel, Bafut, Berber, Bissa, Bulu, Bura-Pabir, Daba, Dan, Dazaga, Ewondo, Fe'fe', Gude, Kamwe, Kasem, Kpelle, Kwanja, Lamnso', Lyélé, Mada, Makaa, Manengumba, Meta', Mofu-Gudur, Mundang, Mundani, Ngas, Nuni, Parkwa, Pinyin, Socoro, Tarok, Tedaga, Timne, Vengo, Vute, Yamba, Yom, Zulgo-Gemzek, Zhuang (1957-1986). cf. Cyrillic: Ә ә |
| Azerbaijani | /æ/ | |||
| General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages | ||||
| Kemezung alphabet | /ɜ/ | |||
| Mfumte alphabet27 | [e], [ɛ] | |||
| Ɛ ɛ ᵋ | Open E (Epsilon) | IPA | /ɛ/ | IPA open-mid front unrounded vowel, Abidji, Adangme, Adele, Adioukrou, Agatu, Aghem, Ahanta, Aja (Benin), Akan, Akoose, Anii, Anufo, Anyin, Avatime, Ayizo Gbe, Baatonum, Bafia, Bafut, Baka (Cameroon), Baoulé, Bariba, Bambara, Bandi, Baoulé, Basa (Cameroon and Nigeria), Berber, Bhele, Bisa, Boko (Benin), Budu, Busa, Cerma, Cibak, Dagara, Dan, Dendi (Benin), Dii, Dinka, Duala, Dyula, Ewe, Ewondo, Gikyode, Igo, Ikposo, Kako, Kemezung, Kwanja, Lika, Lingala, Maasai, Mandi, Manenguba, Mangbetu, Mbelime, Medumba, Mundani, Nawdm, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Noni, Nuer, Nyang, Pana, Pinyin language, Shilha, Tamazight, Tigon, Turka, Wuzlam, Yambasa, and Yoruba (Benin); cf. Greek: Ε ε |
| ɘ 𐞎 | Reversed E | IPA | /ɘ/ | IPA close-mid central unrounded vowel, Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter28 |
| Ɜ ɜ ᶟ | Reversed open E (Reversed Epsilon) | IPA | /ɜ/29 | IPA open-mid central unrounded vowel |
| ɞ 𐞏 | Closed reversed open E (closed reversed epsilon) | IPA | /ɞ/ | IPA oPA Open-mid central rounded vowel; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter30 |
| ʚ | Closed open E (closed epsilon) | IPA (obsolete) LAMSAS | /ɞ/ /œ/ | Obsolete IPA open-mid front rounded vowel used from 1904-1920s,31 misprinted version of ɞ |
| ᴈ ᵌ | Turned open E | IPA (obsolete) | /ɜ/ | |
| Ꝼ ꝼ | Insular F | Used in Norse and Old English contexts33 | ||
| ꜰ | Small capital F | Medievalist addition34 | ||
| Ⅎ ⅎ | Turned F | Claudian letters | ||
| ꟻ | Epigraphic letter reversed F | |||
| ꬵ | Lenis F | Teuthonista35 | ||
| Ᵹ ᵹ | Insular G | Used in a variety of phonetic contexts36 | ||
| Ꟑ | Closed insular G | Ormulum37 | /g/ | |
| Ɡ ɡ ᶢ | Script G | IPA38 | /g/ | IPA voiced velar plosive |
| ꬶ | Script G with crossed-tail | Teuthonista39 | ||
| 𝼁 | Reversed script g | extIPA4041 | extIPA voiced velodorsal plosive4243 | |
| ɢ 𐞒 | Small capital G | IPA | /ɢ/ | IPA voiced uvular plosive; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter44 |
| FUT | /ɡ̥/ | |||
| ᵷ | Turned G | letter for transliterating the Georgian letter გ | ||
| 𝼂 | Small capital turned G | extIPA45 | /ɢ̠/ | extIPA voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive |
| ⅁ | Turned sans-serif capital G | |||
| Ꝿ ꝿ | Turned insular G | William Pryce's notation46 | /ŋ/ | |
| Ɣ ɣ ˠ | Gamma | IPA | /ɣ/ | IPA voiced velar fricative, Dagbani, Dinka, Ewe, Ikposo, Kabiyé, Kabyle, Kpelle, Tuareg, Wakhi cf. Greek: Γγ |
| ɤ 𐞑 | Ram's horn (baby gamma) | IPA | /ɤ/ | IPA close-mid back unrounded vowel, Dan,47 Goo; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter48 |
| Ƣ ƣ | Gha | Tatar (Jaꞑalif script); Azerbaijani | ||
| ʜ 𐞖 | Small capital H | IPA | /ʜ/ | IPA voiceless epiglottal trill; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter49 |
| Ƕ ƕ | Hwair | Gothic | ||
| Ⱶ ⱶ | Half H | Claudian letters; cf. Greek: Ⱶⱶ | ||
| Ꟶ ꟶ | Reversed half H | Epigraphic letter used in Roman inscriptions from the Roman provinces of Gaul50 | ||
| Ꜧ ꜧ ꭜ | Heng | Teuthonista51 | Juhuri, cf. Cyrillic: Ӈ ӈ | |
| ı | Dotless I | Turkish, Azerbaijani, and other Turkic languages; Thai transliteration | ||
| Ɪ ɪ ᶦ | Small capital I | IPA | /ɪ/ | IPA near-close near-front unrounded vowel, capital form used in Unifon and for Gabonese orthographies52 |
| ꟾ | Epigraphic letter I Longa | Latin long i /iː/ in epigraphic style | ||
| ꟷ | Sideways I | Epigraphic variant of I used in early medieval Celtic inscriptions53 | ||
| ᴉ ᵎ | Turned i | FUT54 | ||
| ᵻ ᶧ | Small capital I with stroke | IPA Oxford University Press dictionary convention | English /ɨ/ or /ə/ | |
| Ɩ ɩ ᶥ | Iota | Bissa, Kabye; cf. Greek: Ɩ ɩ | ||
| J ȷ | Dotless j | Old High German | ||
| ᴊ | Small capital J | FUT55 | ||
| K | Kelvin sign | Kelvin unit of measure temperature; character decomposition is a capital K | ||
| ᴋ | Small capital K | FUT56 | ||
| Ʞ ʞ | Turned K | IPA | /ʞ/ | IPA back-released click |
| 𝼃 | Reversed k | extIPA | /𝼃/ | extIPA voiceless velodorsal plosive |
| 𝼐 | Small capital turned K | IPA5758 | proposed symbol for generic click phoneme | |
| ʟ ᶫ | Small capital L | IPA | /ʟ/ | IPA voiced velar lateral approximant |
| FUT | /l/ | |||
| Ꝇ ꝇ | Broken L | Old Norwegian59 | /lː/ | |
| ᴌ | Small capital L with stroke | FUT60 | ||
| ꬸ | L with double middle tilde | Teuthonista61 | ||
| ꬹ | L with middle ring | |||
| ꬷ ꭝ | L with inverted lazy S | |||
| ꝲ | Lum | Medieval abbreviation62 | ||
| Ꞁ ꞁ | Turned L | William Pryce's notation of Welsh63 | /ɬ/ | |
| ⅃ | Reversed sans-serif capital L | |||
| | Lambda | Salishan and Wakashan languages64 | ||
| ᴍ | Small capital M | FUT65 | /m̥/ | |
| ꬺ | M with crossed-tail | Teuthonista66 | ||
| ꟽ | Epigraphic letter inverted M | |||
| ꟿ | Epigraphic letter archaic M | |||
| ꝳ | Mum | Medieval abbreviation67 | ||
| ɴ ᶰ | Small capital N | IPA | /ɴ/ | IPA voiced uvular nasal |
| FUT68 | /n̥/ | |||
| ᴎ ᴻ | Reversed N | FUT69 | /ŋ̊/ | cf. Cyrillic: И и |
| ꬻ | N with crossed-tail | Teuthonista70 | ||
| ꝴ | Num | Medieval abbreviation71 | ||
| Ŋ ŋ ᵑ | Eng | IPA | /ŋ/ | IPA voiced velar nasal, Azerbaijani (some dialects), Iñupiat, Sámi (except Southern), Zhuang from 1957 to 1986. |
| ꬼ | Eng with crossed-tail | Teuthonista72 | ||
| 𝼔 | Eng with palatal hook | Used in phonetic transcription7374 | ||
| 𝼇 | Reversed eng | extIPA velodorsal nasal stop75 | ||
| ᴏ | Small capital O | FUT76 | ||
| ᴑ | Sideways O | |||
| Ꟁ ꟁ | Old Polish o | 77 | ||
| ꬽ | Blackletter O | Teuthonista78 | ||
| ꬾ | Blackletter O with stroke | Teuthonista79 | ||
| Ɔ ɔ ᵓ | Open O | IPA | /ɔ/ | IPA open-mid back rounded vowel, used in African languages Aghem, Akan, Bafia, Baka, Bariba, Bambara, Baoulé, Bassa, Boko, Dii, Dinka, Duala, Dyula, Ewe, Ewondo, Ikposo, Kako, Kemezung, Kwanja, Lika, Lingala, Maasai, Mandi, Manenguba, Mangbetu, Mbelime, Medumba, Mundani, Nawdm, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, NAwdmNoni, Nuer, Nyang, Pana, Pinyin language, Tigon, Turka, Wuzlam, Yambasa, and Yoruba (Benin). |
| ᴐ | Small capital open O | FUT80 | ||
| ꬿ | Open O with stroke | Teuthonista81 | ||
| ᴒ | Sideways open O | FUT82 | ||
| ᴖ ᵔ | Top half O | |||
| ᴗ ᵕ | Bottom half O | |||
| Ꞷ ꞷ | Omega | |||
| ɷ 𐞤 | Closed omega | Obsolete IPA | /ʊ/ | Obsolete IPA near-close near-back rounded vowel alternative symbol used until 1989; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter83 |
| Ȣ ȣ | Ou | Ligature of Latin o and u | ||
| ᴕ ᴽ | Small capital Ou | FUT84 | a back vowel of uncertain quality | |
| ᴘ | Small capital P | |||
| ꟼ | Epigraphic letter reversed P | |||
| ɸ ᶲ | Phi | IPA | /ɸ/ | IPA voiceless bilabial fricative, cf. Greek: Φ φ |
| ⱷ | Tailless phi | FUT85 | ||
| ĸ | Kra | Nunatsiavummiut dialect of Inuktitut in Canada, formerly Kalaallisut language of Greenland; cf. Greek: Κ κ86 | ||
| ꞯ | Small capital Q | Japanese linguistics87 | ||
| 𐞥 | Superscript small q | Used as a superscript IPA letter88 | ||
| Ꞃ ꞃ ᫍ | Insular R | Variant of r;8990 Used in Ormulum91 | ||
| Ʀ ʀ 𐞪 | Yr (small capital R) | IPA | /ʀ/ | IPA voiced uvular trill, Old Norse, Alutiiq; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter92 |
| Ꝛ ꝛ | R rotunda | Variant of r93 | ||
| ᴙ | Small capital reversed R | Nonstandard IPA | /ʢ/ | cf. Cyrillic: Я я |
| FUT94 | ||||
| ꭆ | Small capital R with right leg | Teuthonista95 | ||
| ɹ ʴ | Turned R | IPA | /ɹ/ | IPA voiced alveolar approximant |
| ᴚ | Small capital turned R | Obsolete IPA | /χ/ | |
| FUT96 | ||||
| ʁ ʶ | Small capital inverted R | IPA | /ʁ/ | IPA voiced uvular fricative |
| ꭉ | R with crossed-tail | Anthropos phonetic transcription system97 | ||
| ꭇ | R without handle | Teuthonista98 | ||
| ꭈ | Double R | Anthropos phonetic transcription system99 | ||
| ꭊ | Double R with crossed-tail | Anthropos phonetic transcription system100 | ||
| ꭋ | Script R | Teuthonista101 | Dania transcription; Swedish Dialect Alphabet | |
| ꭌ | Script R with ring | |||
| ꭅ | Stirrup R | |||
| ꝵ | Rum | Medieval abbreviation102 | ||
| ꝶ | Small capital rum | Medieval abbreviation; cf. the medical abbreviation ℞103 | ||
| Ꝝ ꝝ | Rum rotunda | Medieval abbreviation104 | ||
| ſ | Long S | Former letter of the English, German, Sorbian, and Latvian alphabets | ||
| Ꟊ ꟊ | S with short stroke overlay | Used for tau gallicum in Gaulish105 | ||
| | S with diagonal stroke | Used for Cupeño and Luiseño106 | ||
| Ꞅ ꞅ | Insular S | Variant of s107108 | ||
| Ƨ ƨ | Reversed S (Tone two) | A letter used in the Zhuang language from 1957 to 1986 to indicate its second tone, cf. Cyrillic: Ꙅ ꙅ | ||
| ꜱ | Small capital S | Medievalist addition109 | ||
| Ꟗ ꟗ | Middle Scots s | Used in Middle Scots110 | ||
| Ꟙ ꟙ | Sigmoid S | Palaeographic addition111 | ||
| Ʃ ʃ ᶴ | Esh | IPA | /ʃ/ | IPA voiceless postalveolar fricative, Ewe language; cf. Greek: Σ σ,ς |
| ꭍ | Baseline Esh | Teuthonista112 | ||
| ƪ | Reversed Esh loop | Obsolete IPA | /ʃʷ/ | |
| ʅ | Squat reversed esh | Obsolete IPA | /ɻ̩/ | Nonstandard phonetic symbol for the syllabic retroflex approximant, used by Sinologists |
| Ꞇ ꞇ ᫎ | Insular T | Used by William Pryce to designate the voiceless dental fricative [θ];113 Used in Ormulum114 | ||
| ᴛ | Small capital T | FUT115 | ||
| ꝷ | Tum | Medieval abbreviation116 | ||
| Ʇ ʇ | Turned T | IPA (obsolete: tenuis dental click) | ||
| 𝼍 | Turned t with curl | Used by Douglas Beach for a nasal click in his phonetic description of Khoekhoe117118 | ||
| ᴜ ᶸ | Small capital U | Obsolete IPA | /ʊ/ | |
| ᴝ ᵙ | Sideways U | FUT119 | ||
| ᴞ | Sideways U with diaeresis | |||
| ꭒ ꭟ | U with left hook | Teuthonista120 | Rousselot-Gilliéron transcription system for Gallo-Romance dialectology | |
| ꭎ | U with short right leg | by Otto Bremer and Jakob Vetsch121 | ||
| ꭏ | U bar with short right leg | |||
| Ɥ ɥ ᶣ | Turned H | IPA | /ɥ/ | IPA voiced labial–palatal approximant, Dan / Gio orthography in Liberia; cf. Cyrillic: Ч ч |
| Ɯ ɯ | Turned M | IPA | /ɯ/ | IPA close back unrounded vowel, Zhuang (1957–1986); cf. Cyrillic: Ш ш |
| ꟺ ᵚ | Small capital turned M | |||
| ᴟ | Sideways turned M | FUT122 | ||
| Ʊ ʊ ᶷ | Upsilon | IPA | /ʊ/ | IPA near-close near-back rounded vowel, African languages Anii, Anyin, Foodo, Kabiyé, Konni, Lukpa, Tem, Yom; cf. Greek: Υ υ |
| ᴠ | Small capital V | FUT123 | ||
| Ỽ ỽ | Middle Welsh V | Medieval Welsh124 | ||
| Ʌ ʌ ᶺ | Turned V | IPA | /ʌ/ | IPA open-mid back unrounded vowel, Ch'ol, Naninka, Northern Tepehuán, Temne, Wounaan |
| ᴡ | Small capital W | FUT125 | ||
| Ꟃ ꟃ | Anglicana W | Middle English, medieval Cornish126 | ||
| ʍ | Turned W | IPA | /ʍ/ | IPA voiceless labial–velar fricative |
| ꭩ | Modifier letter small turned w | Used in linguistic transcriptions of Scots127 | ||
| ꭖ | X with low right ring | Teuthonista128 | ||
| ꭗ | X with long left leg | |||
| ꭘ | X with long left leg and low right ring | |||
| ꭙ | X with long left leg with serif | |||
| ꭙ̆ | X with long left leg with serif and breve | The reference does not cite this letter and diacritic combination. | ||
| ʏ 𐞲 | Small capital Y | IPA | /ʏ/ | IPA near-close near-front rounded vowel; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter129 |
| ꭚ | Y with short right leg | Teuthonista130 | Swedish Dialect Alphabet | |
| ʎ 𐞠 | Turned y | IPA | /ʎ/ | IPA voiced palatal lateral approximant, Maltese (before 1946); Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter131 |
| 𝼆 𐞡 | Turned y with belt | extIPA132133 | Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter134135 | |
| ⅄ | Turned sans-serif capital Y | |||
| ƍ | Turned delta | Obsolete IPA | [ðʷ], /zᵝ/ | |
| ᴢ | Small capital Z | FUT136 | /z̥/ | |
| Ꝣ ꝣ | Visigothic Z | Medieval Ibero-Romance137 | ||
| Ʒ ʒ ᶾ | Ezh | IPA | /ʒ/ | IPA voiced postalveolar fricative, Skolt Sámi, Ewe language; cf. Abkhaz: Ӡ ӡ |
| ᴣ | Small capital Ezh | FUT138 | ||
| Ƹ ƹ | Ezh reversed | Obsolete IPA | /ʕ/ | |
| Ȝ ȝ | Yogh | Middle English | ||
| ꭠ | Sakha Yat | Yakut (historical)139 | ||
| Þ þ | Thorn | Old English, Icelandic | ||
| ꟓ | Double thorn | Used in Ormulum140 | ||
| Ƿ ƿ | Wynn | Old English | ||
| ꟕ | Double wynn | Used in Ormulum141 | ||
| Ꝩ ꝩ | Vend | Medieval Nordic phoneme /v/ or /u/142 | ||
| Ꝫ ꝫ | Et | Medieval abbreviation143 | ||
| Ꝭ ꝭ | Is | |||
| Ꝯ ꝯ | Con | |||
| ꝰ | Us | |||
| ꝸ | Um | |||
| Ꜫ ꜫ | Tresillo | Mayan ejective uvular stop /qʼ/ | ||
| Ꜭ ꜭ | Cuatrillo | Mayan ejective velar stop /kʼ/ | ||
| Ꜯ ꜯ | Cuatrillo with comma | Mayan ejective alveolar affricate /tsʼ/ | ||
| Ƽ ƽ | Tone five | A letter used in the Zhuang language from 1957 to 1986 to indicate its fifth tone | ||
| Ƅ ƅ | Tone six | Zhuang (1957–1986: sixth tone) | ||
| Ɂ ɂ ʔ | Glottal stop | IPA | /ʔ/ | IPA glottal stop, Canadian aboriginal orthographies |
| Ꜣ ꜣ | Egyptological alef | |||
| Ꞌ ꞌ | Saltillo | Some orthographies in Mexico and Nigeria | /ʔ/ | |
| ꞏ | Middle dot | Sinological tradition (this is not the same character as the middle dot punctuation mark)144 | /ʔ/ | |
| ʕ ˤ | Reversed glottal stop | IPA | /ʕ/ | IPA voiced pharyngeal fricative |
| ᴤ | Voiced laryngeal spirant | FUT145 | ||
| ᴥ ᵜ | Ain | FUT146 | ||
| Ꜥ ꜥ | Arabic/Hebrew/Egyptological ꜥayin | |||
| ʖ | Inverted glottal stop | IPA | /ʖ/ | IPA symbol for lateral click or tenuis lateral velar click |
| ǀ 𐞶 | Dental click | /ǀ/ | IPA symbol for dental click or tenuis dental velar click superscript form is an IPA superscript letter147 | |
| ǁ 𐞷 | Lateral click | /ǁ/ | IPA symbol for lateral click or tenuis lateral velar click, superscript form is an IPA superscript letter148 | |
| ǃ | Alveolar click | /ǃ/ | IPA symbol for alveolar click or tenuis alveolar velar click | |
| ǂ 𐞸 | Palatal click | /ǂ/ | IPA symbol for palatal click or tenuis palatal velar click, superscript form is an IPA superscript letter149 | |
| ʗ | Stretched C | Obsolete IPA | /ǃ/ | IPA symbol for alveolar click or tenuis alveolar velar click |
| 𝼏 | Stretched c with curl | Used by Douglas Beach for a nasal click in his phonetic description of Khoekhoe150151 | ||
| 𝼊 𐞹 | Retroflex click with retroflex hook | Used to transcribe a retroflex click;152153 Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter154 | ||
| ʘ 𐞵 | Bilabial clicks (bullseye) | IPA | /ʘ/ | IPA tenuis bilabial click; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter155 |
| ʬ | Bilabial percussive | |||
| ʭ | Bidental percussive | |||
| Ꞛ ꞛ | Volapük AE | Volapük (archaic)156 | ||
| Ꞝ ꞝ | Volapük OE | |||
| Ꞟ ꞟ | Volapük UE |
Letters with diacritics
Letters with diacritics.| Letter | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ẚ | A with right half ring | |
| À à | A with grave | Aghem, Ahlon, Arammba, Awing, Baka, Bali (Adamawa), Bangolan, Basaa, Bekwarra, Berom, Bete-Bendi, Bribri, Burak, Busa (Mande), Cakfem-Mushere, Catalan, Dendi, Dii, Ditammari, Ebira, Emilian, Engenni, Etikwan, Ewe, Ewondo, French, Friulian, Galician, Gbari, Gokana, Hän, Hun-Saare, Hyam, Igede, Igbo, Italian, Izere, Izii, Jen, Jibu, Jukun Takum, Kako, Kaska, Kenyang, Kiowa, Kukele, Kwanja, Limbum, Lithuanian, Lokaa, Luba-Kasai, Mada, Mambila, Manenguba, Masai, Cross River Mbembe, Mbodomo, Medumba, Meta', Minagende, Mumuye, Mundani, Mwaghavul, Nateni, Navajo, Ndogo, Ngangam, Ngbaka, Ngas, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Ninzo, Norwegian, Ntcham, Ogba, Okpela, Pinyin transliteration, Portuguese, Romagnol, Reshe, Scottish Gaelic, Sekani, Sena, Swedish, Tagish, Tarok, Tee, Tigon, Tutchone, Tyap, Ut-Ma'in, Vietnamese, Waama, Welsh, Western Frisian, Yoruba, and Zurich German (some spellings); Pe̍h-oē-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System |
| Á á | A with acute | Afrikaans, Aghem, Ahlon, Arammba, Awing, Bafia, Bafut, Baka, Bangolan, Basaa, Bekwarra, Berom, Bete-Bendi, Blackfoot, Boko (Benin), Boikin, Bribri, Burak, Busa (Mande), Cakfem-Mushere, ithk, Czech, Danish, Dendi, Dii, Ditammari, Duala, Dutch, Ebira, Ekajuk, Etikwan, Ewe, Ewondo, Faroese, Galician, Gadsup, Gbari, Gourmanchéma, Gunu, Hungarian, Ibani, Icelandic, Idoma, Igbo, Ikwere, Iñapari, Irigwe, Irish, Jibu, Jola-Fonyi, Jukun Takum, Kako, Kamwe, Karkar-Yuri, Kaska, Kemezung, Kiowa, Kutep, Kwanja, Kwasio, Lakota, Lingala, Lithuanian, Lycian transliteration, Mambila, Mandi, Manenguba, Masai, Cross River Mbembe, Mbelime, Mbodomo, Medumba, Miyobe, Mmaala, Mwaghavul, Nateni, Navajo, Ngangam, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Nkonya, Nomaande, Noni, Norwegian, Ntcham, Nukna, Nyang, Nzime, Occitan, Ogba, Omaha-Ponca, Osage, Pana, Paasaal, Pinyin transliteration, Pongu, Portuguese, Proto-Indo-European, Pu-Xian Min, Reshe, Romanian, Sámi, Scottish Gaelic, Sekani, Sena, Seneca, Senoufo, Sisaala, Slovak, Accented Slovenian, Southern Balochi, Sokoro, Spanish, Sranan Tongo, Sursurunga, Tee, Tem, Tigon, Tongan, Tsuvadi, Tucano, Tunen, Tutchone, Tyap, Vai, Vietnamese, Walser, Wára, Welsh, Winnebago, Yaghnobi, Yambeta, Yambasa, Yangben, Yele, Yoruba, and Yurutí; Pe̍h-oē-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System |
| Â â | A with circumflex | Awing, Bangolan, Berber, Dutch, Emilian, Ewondo, French, Friulian, Frisian, Hän, Istro-Romanian, Jarai, Kako, Kaska, Kiowa, Kwanja, Accented Latvian, Lingala, Luxembourgian, Manenguba, Medumba, Mengleno-Romanian, Ngbaka Minagende, Ngiemboon, Norwegian, Nzime, Ogba, Old High German, Pana, Proto-Germanic, Portuguese, Pu-Xian Min, Romagnol, Romanian, Sámi, Serer, Tagish, Tigon, Turkish, Vietnamese, Walloon, Welsh, and Yoruba; Pe̍h-oē-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System, iSO 9 |
| Ầ ầ | A with circumflex and grave | Vietnamese |
| Ấ ấ | A with circumflex and acute | Vietnamese |
| Ẫ ẫ | A with circumflex and tilde | Vietnamese |
| Ẩ ẩ | A with circumflex and hook above | Vietnamese |
| Ã ã | A with tilde | Apalai, Aromanian, Bariba, Boko, Bribri, Gokana, Guaraní, Kashubian, Kaska, Accented Latvian, Lithuanian, Lycian transliteration, Ngbaka Minagende, Proto-Indo-European, Portuguese, Tee, Tucano, Turka, Vietnamese, !Xóõ, Yoruba, Yurutí, Old Norse |
| Ã̀ ã̀ | A with tilde and grave | Boko, Bribri, Gokana, Ngbaka Minagende, Tee |
| Ã́ ã́ | A with tilde and acute | Bribri, Lycian transliteration, Tee, Tucano, Yurutí |
| Ã̂ ã̂ | A with tilde and circumflex | Ngbaka Minagende |
| Ã̌ ã̌ | A with tilde and caron | Boko, Ngbaka Minagende |
| Ã̍ ã̍ | A with tilde and vertical line | Ngbaka Minagende |
| Ã̎ ã̎ | A with tilde and double vertical line | |
| Ā ā | A with macron | Arabic transliteration, Bangolan, Ewondo, Hawaiian, Igbo, Kaska, Kiowa, Latin, Latvian, Māori, Mbelime, Medumba, Middle High German, Nahuatl, Nyakyusa, Nyang, Ogba, Old Sámi orthography, Pinyin (both language and Chinese transliteration system), Proto-Germanic, Proto-Indo-European, Pu-Xian Min, Samoan, Samogitian, Sanskrit transliteration, Syriac transliteration, Tagish, Tahitian, Tongan, Tutchone, Wuzlam; Pe̍h-oē-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System, Thai transliteration |
| Ā̀ ā̀ | A with macron and grave | Kaska, Latin, Sanskrit Transliteration, Tagish |
| Ā́ ā́ | A with macron and acute | Kaska, Latin, Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit Transliteration |
| Ā̂ ā̂ | A with macron and circumflex | Kaska, Proto-Baltic, Tagish |
| Ā̃ ā̃ | A with macron and tilde | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit Transliteration |
| Ā̃́ ā̃́ | A with macron, tilde and acute | Proto-Indo-European |
| Ā̄ ā̄ | A with macron and macron | Kienning Colloquial Romanized transliteration |
| Ā̆ ā̆ | A with macron and breve | Latin, Middle High German, Proto-Indo-European |
| Ā̆́ ā̆́ | A with macron, breve and acute | Latin |
| Ā̈ ā̈ | A with macron and diaeresis | Svan transliteration |
| Ā̊ ā̊ | A with macron and ring above | Avestan transliteration |
| Ā̌ ā̌ | A with macron and caron | Indo-Iranian dialectology, Kaska, Tagish |
| Ă ă | A with breve | Istro-Romanian, Jarai, Latin, Mengleno-Romanian, Middle High German, Romanian, Old Sámi orthography, Vietnamese; previously used in Malay; ISO 9; cf. Cyrillic: Ӑ ӑ |
| Ằ ằ | A with breve and grave | Latin, Vietnamese |
| Ắ ắ | A with breve and acute | Latin, Vietnamese |
| Ẵ ẵ | A with breve and tilde | Vietnamese |
| Ẳ ẳ | A with breve and hook above | Vietnamese |
| Ȧ ȧ | A with dot above | Cheyenne, Old High German, Old Sámi orthography, Ulithian |
| Ȧ́ ȧ́ | A with dot above and acute | |
| Ǡ ǡ | A with dot above and macron | Old Sámi orthography |
| Ä ä | A with diaeresis | Dinka, Dutch, Emilian, Estonian, Finnish, Gagauz, German, Hän, Kaqchikel, Karelian, Luxembourgian, North Frisian, Norwegian, Romagnol, Rotuman, Sámi, Saterlandic, Seneca, Slovak, Swedish, Tatar, Turkmen, Tutchone, West Frisian, Welsh, and Yapese; previously used in Azerbaijani; ISO 9; cf. Cyrillic: Ӓ ӓ |
| Ä́ ä́ | A with diaeresis and acute | Seneca, Tutchone, Cabécar, Old High German |
| Ä̀ ä̀ | A with diaeresis and grave | Hän, Tutchone |
| Ä̂ ä̂ | A with diaeresis and circumflex | Hän, Middle Low German |
| Ä̃ ä̃ | A with diaeresis and tilde | Arikapú, Nadëb |
| Ǟ ǟ | A with diaeresis and macron | Livonian, Middle High German, Old Sámi orthography, Tutchone |
| Ǟ̆ ǟ̆ | A with diaeresis, macron and breve | Sogdian transliteration |
| Ä̆ ä̆ | A with diaeresis and breve | Caucasian dialectology |
| Ä̌ ä̌ | A with diaeresis and caron | Hän |
| Ả ả | A with hook above | Vietnamese, Thai transliteration |
| Å å | A with ring above | Bolognese dialect, Chamorro, Danish, Greenlandic, Istro-Romanian, Old High German, North Frisian, Norwegian, Sámi, Swedish, and Walloon, Measurements (in the form of the Ångström) |
| Å | Angstrom sign | Ångström unit of measure for length, preferred representation is Å (A with ring above) |
| Ǻ ǻ | A with ring above and acute | Danish |
| Å̂ å̂ | A with ring above and circumflex | Old High German |
| Å̃ å̃ | A with ring above and tilde | North Germanic Dialectology |
| Å̄ å̄ | A with ring above and macron | North Germanic dialectology, Norwegian Dictionaries, Old Sámi orthography |
| Å̄̆ å̄̆ | A with ring above, macron and breve | Germanic dialectology |
| Å̆ å̆ | A with ring above and breve | Old High German |
| A̋ a̋ | A with double acute | ISO 9, Old High German, Slovak (rarely used), Taiwanese Romanization System |
| Ǎ ǎ | A with caron | Awing, Bangolan, Ewondo, Hän, Hyam, Kaska, Kemezung, Kwanja, Lingala, Manenguba, Medumba, Mundani, Ngbaka Minagende, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Nzime, Pinyin, Pinyin transliteration, Tagish, Tigon, Yoruba |
| A̍ a̍ | A with vertical line | Ngbaka Minagende, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects. |
| A̎ a̎ | A with double vertical line | Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects. |
| Ȁ ȁ | A with double grave | Bangolan, Croatian, Accented Slovenian |
| Ȃ ȃ | A with inverted breve | Croatian, Glagolitic transliteration, Accented Slovenian |
| A̐ a̐ | A with chandrabindu | ALA-LC |
| A̓ a̓ | A with comma above | Greek transliteration, Heiltsuk |
| A̧ a̧ | A with cedilla | General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages: Dii, Mundani, and Pana |
| À̧ à̧ | A with grave and cedilla | Dii, Mundani |
| Á̧ á̧ | A with acute and cedilla | Dii, Pana |
| Â̧ â̧ | A with circumflex and cedilla | Pana |
| Ǎ̧ ǎ̧ | A with caron and cedilla | Mundani |
| A̭ a̭ | A with circumflex below | Juǀʼhoansi |
| A̰ a̰ | A with tilde below | Kharosthi transliteration, Ngambay, Zarma |
| À̰ à̰ | A with tilde below and grave | Nateni |
| Á̰ á̰ | A with tilde below and acute | Mbelime, Nateni |
| Ā̰ ā̰ | A with tilde below and macron | Mbelime |
| Ä̰ ä̰ | A with tilde below and diaeresis | |
| Ä̰́ ä̰́ | A with tilde below, diaeresis and acute | |
| Ą ą | A with ogonek | Chipewyan, Creek, Elfdalian, Gwich'in, Hän, Hocąk, Iñapari, Kashubian, Kaska, Lithuanian, Mescalero-Chiricahua, Navajo, Polish, Sekani, Tagish, Tlingit, Tutchone, Western Apache, and Winnebago |
| Ą̀ ą̀ | A with grave and ogonek | Hän, Kaska, Sekani, Tagish, Tlicho, Tutchone |
| Ą́ ą́ | A with acute and ogonek | Chipewyan, Iñapari, Kaska, Lithuanian, Navajo, Omaha-Ponca, Osage, Sekani, Tutchone, Winnebago |
| Ą̂ ą̂ | A with circumflex and ogonek | Hän, Kaska, Tagish |
| Ą̃ ą̃ | A with tilde and ogonek | Lithuanian |
| Ą̄ ą̄ | A with macron and ogonek | Kaska, Tagish, Tutchone, Old Norse, Proto-Germanic, Tagish, Tutchone |
| Ą̄̀ ą̄̀ | A with macron, grave and ogonek | Kaska, Tagish |
| Ą̄́ ą̄́ | A with macron, acute and ogonek | Kaska, Old Norse |
| Ą̄̂ ą̄̂ | A with macron, circumflex and ogonek | Kaska, Tagish |
| Ą̄̌ ą̄̌ | A with macron, caron and ogonek | Kaska, Tagish |
| Ą̇ ą̇ | A with dot above and ogonek | Avestan transliteration |
| Ą̈ ą̈ | A with diaeresis and ogonek | Hän, Southern Tutchone |
| Ą̈̀ ą̈̀ | A with diaeresis, grave and ogonek | Hän |
| Ą̈́ ą̈́ | A with diaeresis, acute and ogonek | Southern Tutchone |
| Ą̈̂ ą̈̂ | A with diaeresis, circumflex and ogonek | Hän |
| Ą̈̌ ą̈̌ | A with diaeresis, caron and ogonek | Hän |
| Ą̈̄ ą̈̄ | A with diaeresis, macron and ogonek | |
| Ą̊ ą̊ | A with ring above and ogonek | Elfdalian |
| Ą̌ ą̌ | A with caron and ogonek | Hän, Tagish |
| Ą̋ ą̋ | A with double acute and ogonek | |
| Ą̱ ą̱ | A with ogonek and line below | |
| Ą̱̀ ą̱̀ | A with ogonek, line below and grave | |
| Ą̱́ ą̱́ | A with ogonek, line below and acute | |
| A᷎ a᷎ | A with ogonek above | |
| A̱ a̱ | A with line below | Arabic transliteration, Bribri, Coast Tsimshian, Estonian Swedish, Germanic dialectology, Hyam, Kiowa, Koasati, Kwak'wala, Mazatec, Nuer, Seneca, Shingini, Aguaruna |
| À̱ à̱ | A with line below and grave | Kiowa |
| Á̱ á̱ | A with line below and acute | Kiowa, Seneca |
| Â̱ â̱ | A with line below and circumflex | Kiowa |
| Ã̱ ã̱ | A with line below and tilde | Nambikwara, Ticuna |
| Ā̱ ā̱ | A with line below and macron | Kiowa |
| Ā̱̀ ā̱̀ | A with line below, macron, and grave | Kiowa |
| Ā̱́ ā̱́ | A with line below, macron, and acute | Kiowa |
| Ā̱̂ ā̱̂ | A with line below, macron, and circumflex | Kiowa |
| Ä̱ ä̱ | A with line below and diaeresis | Estonian Swedish, Germanic dialectology, Seneca |
| Ä̱̀ ä̱̀ | A with line below, diaeresis and grave | |
| Ä̱́ ä̱́ | A with line below, diaeresis and acute | |
| Ä̱̂ ä̱̂ | A with line below, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Ä̱̌ ä̱̌ | A with line below, diaeresis and caron | |
| Å̱ å̱ | A with line below and ring above | Estonian Swedish |
| Ǎ̱ ǎ̱ | A with line below and caron | Hyam |
| A̱̥ a̱̥ | A with line below and ring below | Semitic linguistics |
| Ạ ạ | A with dot below | Avokaya, Thompson, Vietnamese, Thai transliteration |
| Ạ́ ạ́ | A with acute and dot below | Thompson |
| Ạ̀ ạ̀ | A with grave and dot below | Thompson |
| Ậ ậ | A with circumflex and dot below | Vietnamese |
| Ạ̃ ạ̃ | A with tilde and dot below | ISO 9 |
| Ạ̄ ạ̄ | A with macron and dot below | ALA-LC romanization |
| Ặ ặ | A with breve and dot below | Vietnamese |
| Ạ̈ ạ̈ | A with diaeresis and dot below | ISO 9, Middle Low German |
| Ạ̈̀ ạ̈̀ | A with diaeresis and grave and dot below | |
| Ạ̈́ ạ̈́ | A with diaeresis, acute and dot below | |
| Ạ̈̂ ạ̈̂ | A with diaeresis, circumflex and dot below | |
| Ạ̈̌ ạ̈̌ | A with diaeresis, caron and dot below | |
| Ạ̌ ạ̌ | A with caron and dot below | ABC Chinese–English Dictionary Hanyu Pinyin |
| Ạ̍ ạ̍ | A with vertical line and dot below | |
| A̤ a̤ | A with diaeresis below | Uighur transliteration, Pu-Xian Min |
| À̤ à̤ | A with diaeresis below and grave | Eastern Min |
| Á̤ á̤ | A with diaeresis below and acute | Kayah, Eastern Min, Pu-Xian Min |
| Â̤ â̤ | A with diaeresis below and circumflex | Eastern Min, Pu-Xian Min |
| Ä̤ ä̤ | A with diaeresis below and diaeresis | IPA |
| Ḁ ḁ | A with ring below | Arabic transliteration, Pashto transliteration, Persian transliteration |
| Ḁ̂ ḁ̂ | A with ring below and circumflex | Arabic transliteration, Pashto transliteration, Persian transliteration |
| Ḁ̈ ḁ̈ | A with ring below and diaeresis | |
| A̯ a̯ | A with inverted breve below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| A̩ a̩ | A with vertical line below | |
| À̩ à̩ | A with vertical line below and grave | |
| Á̩ á̩ | A with vertical line below and acute | |
| Â̩ â̩ | A with vertical line below and circumflex | |
| Ã̩ ã̩ | A with vertical line below and tilde | |
| Ā̩ ā̩ | A with vertical line below and macron | |
| Ǎ̩ ǎ̩ | A with vertical line below and caron | |
| A̩̍ a̩̍ | A with vertical line below and vertical line | |
| A̩̓ a̩̓ | A with vertical line below and comma above | |
| A͔ a͔ | A with left arrowhead below | Uralic dialectology |
| Ā͔ ā͔ | A with left arrowhead below and macron | Uralic dialectology |
| Ⱥ ⱥ | A with stroke | Mazahua,157 Saanich |
| Ⱥ̀ ⱥ̀ | A with stroke and grave | |
| Ⱥ́ ⱥ́ | A with stroke and acute | |
| ᶏ | A with retroflex hook | Previously in IPA |
| Ꞻ ꞻ | Glottal A | Ugaritic transliteration158 |
| Ɑ̀ ɑ̀ | Alpha with grave | Medumba, Nuni, Tigon |
| Ɑ́ ɑ́ | Alpha with acute | Medumba, Nzime, Tigon |
| Ɑ̂ ɑ̂ | Alpha with circumflex | Medumba, Tigon |
| Ɑ̃ ɑ̃ | Alpha with tilde | |
| Ɑ̄ ɑ̄ | Alpha with macron | Medumba |
| Ɑ̆ ɑ̆ | Alpha with breve | |
| Ɑ̇ ɑ̇ | Alpha with dot above | |
| Ɑ̈ ɑ̈ | Alpha with diaeresis | |
| Ɑ̊ ɑ̊ | Alpha with ring above | |
| Ɑ̌ ɑ̌ | Alpha with caron | Medumba, Tigon |
| ᶐ | Alpha with retroflex hook | Previously in IPA |
| B̀ b̀ | B with grave | Ntcham |
| B́ b́ | B with acute | Ntcham, Võro; previously used in Sorbian |
| B̂ b̂ | B with circumflex | Middle Persian transliteration |
| B̃ b̃ | B with tilde | Yanesha', Old Irish |
| B̄ b̄ | B with macron | Kire, Sindhi transliteration (Lepsius) |
| Ḃ ḃ | B with dot above | Irish (old orthography), Old High German |
| B̈ b̈ | B with diaeresis | Manichaean transliteration |
| B̒ b̒ | B with turned comma above | |
| B̕ b̕ | B with comma above right | Americanist phonetics |
| Ḇ ḇ | B with line below | Carian transliteration, Hebrew romanization, Middle Persian transliteration, Sindhi transliteration |
| Ḇ̂ ḇ̂ | B with line below and circumflex | Middle Persian transliteration |
| Ḅ ḅ | B with dot below | Ikwerre, Kalabari, Saraiki transliteration |
| B̤ b̤ | B with diaeresis below | Sindhi transliteration |
| B̥ b̥ | B with ring below | IPA |
| B̬ b̬ | B with caron below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| Ƀ ƀ | B with stroke | Jarai, Proto-Germanic |
| ᵬ | B with middle tilde | |
| ᶀ | B with palatal hook | |
| Ɓ ɓ 𐞅 | B with hook | Voiced bilabial implosive, Balanta, Basaa, Bomu, Bushi, Dan, Fula, Hausa, Karai-karai, Kpelle, Maore, Ngizim, and Serer; formerly used in Shona; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter159 |
| Ƃ ƃ | B with topbar | Letter in the Zhuang Language from 1957 to 1986 |
| B̪ b̪ | B with bridge below | Voiced labiodental plosive |
| ʙ̇ | Small capital B with dot above | |
| ʙ̣ | Small capital B with dot below | |
| C̀ c̀ | C with grave | ISO 9 |
| Ć ć | C with acute | Belarusian, Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Polish, Romani, Serbian, Sorbian, and Võro |
| Ĉ ĉ | C with circumflex | Esperanto, Glagolitic transliteration, Pinyin transliteration |
| C̃ c̃ | C with tilde | Yanesha' |
| C̄ c̄ | C with macron | ALA-LC, ISO 9, Kharosthi transliteration, Runic transliteration, Thai transliteration |
| C̄́ c̄́ | C with macron and acute | Runic transliteration |
| C̆ c̆ | C with breve | ISO 9, Jarai |
| Ċ ċ | C with dot above | ISO 9, Maltese, Chechen, Irish (old orthography), Old High German, Old English |
| C̈ c̈ | C with diaeresis | ISO 9, Old German abbreviation |
| Č č | C with caron | Belarusian, Berber, Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Estonian, Glagolitic transliteration, Lakota, Latvian, Lithuanian, Livonian, Ithkuil transliteration, Romani, Sámi, Slovak, Slovenian, Syriac Latin, and Wakhi |
| Č́ č́ | C with caron and acute above | Uralic linguistics |
| Č͑ č͑ | C with caron and left half ring above | Armenian transliteration |
| Č̓ č̓ | C with caron and comma above | Comox |
| Č̕ č̕ | C with caron and comma above right | Americanist phonetics |
| Č̔ č̔ | C with caron and reversed comma above | Georgian transliteration |
| C̋ c̋ | C with double acute | |
| C̓ c̓ | C with comma above | Ditidaht, Haisla, Heiltsuk, Thompson |
| C̓́ c̓́ | C with comma above and acute | Romance dialectology |
| C̕ c̕ | C with comma above right | Americanist phonetics |
| C̔ c̔ | C with reversed comma above | Georgian transliteration |
| C͑ c͑ | C with left half ring above | Armenian transliteration |
| Ç ç | C with cedilla | Albanian, Azerbaijani, Catalan, Chechen, Emiliano-Romagnolo, French, Friulian, Kurdish, Ligurian, Manx, Occitan, Portuguese, Romanian, Ithkuil transliteration, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Venetian, Zazaki; Voiceless palatal fricative |
| Ḉ ḉ | C with cedilla and acute | Abaza, Abkhaz, and Adyghe transliteration, Kurdish |
| Ç̆ ç̆ | C with cedilla and breve | ISO 9 |
| Ç̇ ç̇ | C with cedilla and dot above | Chechen |
| Ç̌ ç̌ | C with cedilla and caron | Abaza, Abkhaz, and Adyghe transliteration |
| ꞔ | Small C with palatal hook | Lithuanian dialectology160161 |
| Ꞔ | Capital C with palatal hook | Mandarin Chinese using the early draft version of pinyin romanization during the mid-1950s162 |
| 𝼝 | C with retroflex hook | Para-IPA version of the IPA retroflex tʂ163 |
| C̦ c̦ | C with comma below | |
| C̭ c̭ | C with circumflex below | Neo-Aramaic transliteration |
| C̱ c̱ | C with line below | |
| C̮ c̮ | C with breve below | Romance dialectology |
| C̣ c̣ | C with dot below | Armenian transliteration, Georgian transliteration, Thai transliteration |
| Ć̣ ć̣ | C with dot below and acute | Georgian transliteration |
| Č̣ č̣ | C with dot below and caron | Armenian transliteration, Georgian transliteration, Wakhi, Amharic transliteration, Gəˁəz transliteration |
| C̥ c̥ | C with ring below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| C̬ c̬ | C with caron below | IPA |
| C̯ c̯ | C with inverted breve below | Old Persian transliteration |
| C̨ c̨ | C with ogonek | Panzavecchia’s Maltese alphabet |
| Ȼ ȼ | C with stroke | Kutenai, Saanich; Previously used in Latvian |
| Ȼ̓ ȼ̓ | C with stroke and comma above | Kutenai |
| Ꞓ ꞓ | C with bar | Previously in Nanai |
| Ƈ ƈ | C with hook | Obsolete symbol for voiceless palatal implosive, Serer |
| ɕ ᶝ | C with curl | Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative |
| Ꜿ ꜿ | Reversed C with dot | Medieval abbreviation164 |
| D́ d́ | D with acute | Võro, Kharosthi transliteration, ALA-LC transliteration |
| D̂ d̂ | D with circumflex | ISO 9 |
| D̃ d̃ | D with tilde | |
| D̄ d̄ | D with macron | Basque (alternative orthography) |
| Ḋ ḋ | D with dot above | Irish (Old orthography), Old High German |
| D̊ d̊ | D with ring above | German Abbreviation |
| Ď ď | D with caron | Czech, Romani, Slovak |
| D̑ d̑ | D with inverted breve | Glagolitic transliteration |
| D̓ d̓ | D with comma above | Ditidaht |
| D̕ d̕ | D with comma above right | |
| Ḑ ḑ | D with cedilla | Arabic transliteration, Livonian |
| D̦ d̦ | D with comma below | Old Romanian |
| Ḓ ḓ | D with circumflex below | Venda |
| Ḏ ḏ | D with line below | Arabic transliteration, Syriac transliteration, Hebrew romanization, Middle Persian transliteration, O'odham, Sindhi transliteration |
| D̮ d̮ | D with breve below | Romance dialectology |
| Ḍ ḍ | D with dot below | Arabic transliteration, Berber, Engenni, Kalabari, Kharosthi transliteration, O'odham, Pokomo, Sanskrit transliteration, Wakhi, Thai transliteration |
| Ḍ́ ḍ́ | D with dot below and acute | Kharosthi transliteration |
| Ḍ̄ ḍ̄ | D with dot below and macron | Sindhi transliteration (Lepsius) |
| D̤ d̤ | D with diaeresis below | Mandaic transliteration, Sindhi transliteration, Tifinagh transliteration |
| D̥ d̥ | D with ring below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| D̬ d̬ | D with caron below | IPA |
| D̪ d̪ | D with bridge below | IPA |
| Đ đ | D with stroke | Bosnian, Croatian, Jarai, Katu, Sámi (except Lule and Southern), Vietnamese, Middle Persian Transliteration, Ithkuil transliteration |
| Đ̣ đ̣ | D with stroke and dot below | Inari Sami |
| Đ̱ đ̱ | D with stroke and line below | Middle Persian Transliteration |
| ᵭ | D with middle tilde | |
| 𝼥 | D with mid-height left hook | Used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language.165 |
| ᶁ | D with palatal hook | |
| Ɖ ɖ 𐞋 | African D/D with tail | Voiced retroflex plosive; Bassa, Ewe; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter166 |
| Ɗ ɗ 𐞌 | D with hook | Voiced alveolar implosive; Bushi, Fula, Hausa, Karai-karai, Maore, Serer; formerly used in Shona; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter167 |
| ᶑ 𐞍 | D with hook and tail | IPA; reportedly used in Ngad'a; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter168 |
| Ƌ ƌ | D with topbar | Letter of the Zhuang language from 1957 to 1986 |
| ȡ | D with curl | Voiced alveolo-palatal stop |
| Ꝺ́ ꝺ́ | Insular D with acute | |
| Ꝺ̇ ꝺ̇ | Insular D with dot above | |
| ᴅ̇ | Small capital D with dot above | |
| ᴅ̣ | Small capital D with dot below | |
| Ð́ ð́ | Eth with acute | |
| Ð̣ ð̣ | Eth with dot below | |
| È è | E with grave | Afrikaans, Catalan, Dutch, Emiliano-Romagnolo, French, Friulian, Igbo, Italian, Luba-Kasai, Luxembourgian, Maltese, Ndogo, Ngangam, Noni, Norwegian, Occitan, Pinyin transliteration, Scottish Gaelic, Old Sámi orthography, Swedish, Vietnamese, Welsh, Yoruba, Zurich German (some spellings); previously used in Romanian; cf. Cyrillic: Ѐ ѐ |
| É é | E with acute | Afrikaans, Catalan, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Emiliano-Romagnolo, English, Ewondo, French, Galician, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Irish, Italian, Kashubian, Luxembourgian, Lycian Transliteration, Nateni, Ngiemboon, Nomaande, Norwegian, Ntcham, Occitan, Oku, Proto-Indo-European, Pinyin transliteration, Portuguese, Rigwe, Romanian, Old Sámi orthography, Scottish Gaelic, Serer, Slovak, Accented Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Vietnamese, Welsh, Yaghnobi, Yoruba |
| Ê ê | E with circumflex | Afrikaans, Dutch, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ewondo, French, Friulian, Glagolitic transliteration, Jarai, Kurdish, Accented Latvian, Luxembourgian, Norwegian, Pinyin transliteration, Portuguese, Vietnamese, Welsh, Yoruba; Kurdish Kurmanji; Ukrainian transliteration |
| Ề ề | E with circumflex and grave | Vietnamese, Pinyin transliteration |
| Ế ế | E with circumflex and acute | Vietnamese, Pinyin transliteration |
| Ễ ễ | E with circumflex and tilde | Vietnamese |
| Ê̄ ê̄ | E with circumflex and macron | Pinyin transliteration |
| Ê̆ ê̆ | E with circumflex and breve | Jarai |
| Ê̌ ê̌ | E with circumflex and caron | Pinyin transliteration |
| Ể ể | E with circumflex and hook above | Vietnamese |
| Ẽ ẽ | E with tilde | Apalai, Bribri, Ewe, Frafra Gokana, Guaraní, Accented Latvian, Lithuanian, Lycian transliteration, Proto-Indo-European, Tee, Tucano, Umbundu, Vietnamese, Yurutí, Zarma |
| Ẽ̀ ẽ̀ | E with tilde and grave | |
| Ẽ́ ẽ́ | E with tilde and acute | Lycian transliteration |
| Ẽ̂ ẽ̂ | E with tilde and circumflex | |
| Ẽ̌ ẽ̌ | E with tilde and caron | |
| Ẽ̍ ẽ̍ | E with tilde and vertical line | |
| Ẽ̎ ẽ̎ | E with tilde and double vertical line | |
| Ē ē | E with macron | Aramaic transliteration, Creek, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ewondo, Greek transliteration, Hawaiian, Hiw, Igbo, Kaska, Latin, Latvian, Livonian, Māori, Mwotlap, Samoan, Samogitian, Pali and Syriac transliteration, Old Sámi orthography, Tahitian, Tongan, Vurës |
| Ḕ ḕ | E with macron and grave | Aramaic transliteration, Greek transliteration, Latin, Pali transliteration |
| Ḗ ḗ | E with macron and acute | Aramaic transliteration, Greek transliteration, Latin, Proto-Indo-European, Pali transliteration |
| Ē̂ ē̂ | E with macron and circumflex | Proto-Baltic |
| Ē̃ ē̃ | E with macron and tilde | Proto-Indo-European, Pali transliteration |
| Ē̃́ ē̃́ | E with macron and tilde and acute | Proto-Indo-European |
| Ē̄ ē̄ | E with macron and macron | Kienning Colloquial Romanized transliteration |
| Ē̆ ē̆ | E with macron and breve | Latin, Proto-Indo-European |
| Ē̆́ ē̆́ | E with macron and breve and acute | Latin |
| Ē̌ ē̌ | E with macron and caron | Indo-Iranian dialectology |
| Ē̑ ē̑ | E with macron and inverted breve | Glagolitic transliteration |
| Ĕ ĕ | E with breve | Chuvash, Latin, Old Sámi orthography, Slavic dialectology, Tulu transliteration Yaghnobi; previously used in Malay and Romanian; cf. Cyrillic: Ӗ ӗ |
| Ĕ̀ ĕ̀ | E with breve and grave | Latin |
| Ĕ́ ĕ́ | E with breve and acute | Latin, Yaghnobi |
| Ĕ̄ ĕ̄ | E with breve and macron | Slavic dialectology, Selkup transliteration, Tulu transliteration |
| Ė ė | E with dot above | Cheyenne, Lithuanian, Old High German, Samogitian, Ulithian |
| Ė́ ė́ | E with dot above and acute | Lithuanian |
| Ė̃ ė̃ | E with dot above and tilde | Lithuanian |
| Ė̄ ė̄ | E with dot above and macron | Samogitian |
| Ë ë | E with diaeresis | Afrikaans, Albanian, Armenian transliteration, Dutch, Emiliano-Romagnolo, French, Hän, Hiw, Italian, Kaqchikel, Kashubian, Low Saxon, Luxembourgian, Norwegian, Old High German, Old Lithuanian, Ripuarian German, Seneca, Swedish, Syriac transliteration, Taiwanese Hokkien, Uighur, Vurës, Welsh, Yapese; cf. Cyrillic: Ё ё |
| Ë̀ ë̀ | E with diaeresis and grave | |
| Ë́ ë́ | E with diaeresis and acute | Old High German, Old Lithuanian, Cabécar |
| Ë̂ ë̂ | E with diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Ë̃ ë̃ | E with diaeresis and tilde | Old High German, Old Lithuanian |
| Ë̄ ë̄ | E with diaeresis and macron | Old High German |
| Ë̌ ë̌ | E with diaeresis and caron | |
| Ẻ ẻ | E with hook above | Vietnamese |
| E̊ e̊ | E with ring above | Old High German, Runic transliteration, Walloon |
| E̊̄ e̊̄ | E with ring above and macron | Runic transliteration |
| E̋ e̋ | E with double acute | Old High German, Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| Ě ě | E with caron | Awing, Bangolan, Czech, Ewondo, Glagolitic transliteration, Hän, Hyam, Kaska, Kemezung, Kwanja, Lingala, Manenguba, Medumba, Mundani, Ngbaka Minagende, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Nzime, Old Church Slavonic transliteration, Pinyin transliteration, Sorbian, Tagish, Tigon, Yoruba |
| Ě́ ě́ | E with caron and acute | Old Church Slavonic transliteration, Proto-Slavic |
| Ě̃ ě̃ | E with caron and tilde | Proto-Slavic |
| Ě̋ ě̋ | E with caron and double acute | Old Church Slavonic transliteration, Proto-Slavic |
| Ě̑ ě̑ | E with caron and inverted breve | Glagolitic transliteration |
| E̍ e̍ | E with vertical line | Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System |
| E̎ e̎ | E with double vertical line | |
| Ȅ ȅ | E with double grave | Croatian, Accented Slovenian |
| Ȇ ȇ | E with inverted breve | Croatian, Glagolitic transliteration, Accented Slovenian |
| E̓ e̓ | E with comma above | Greek transliteration |
| E᷎ e᷎ | E with ogonek above | |
| Ȩ ȩ | E with cedilla | Romance linguistics, Dii, Hebrew romanization, Mundani, Pana |
| Ȩ̀ ȩ̀ | E with grave and cedilla | |
| Ȩ́ ȩ́ | E with acute and cedilla | Romance linguistics |
| Ȩ̂ ȩ̂ | E with circumflex and cedilla | |
| Ḝ ḝ | E with breve and cedilla | Hebrew romanization |
| Ȩ̌ ȩ̌ | E with caron and cedilla | |
| Ẽ̦ ẽ̦ | E with comma below and tilde | Slavic dialectology |
| Ę ę | E with ogonek | Apache, Chipewyan, Creek, Elfdalian, Gwich'in, Han, Iñapari, Kaska, Lithuanian, Mescalero-Chiricahua, Navajo, Old High German, Old Norse, Polish, Sekani, Tagish, Tlingit, Tutchone, Winnebago |
| Ę̀ ę̀ | E with grave and ogonek | Tlicho, Winnebago |
| Ę́ ę́ | E with acute and ogonek | Old Norse, Romance Dialectology, Lithuanian, Navajo, Winnebago |
| Ę̂ ę̂ | E with circumflex and ogonek | Middle Low German |
| Ę̃ ę̃ | E with tilde and ogonek | Lithuanian, Romance Dialectology |
| Ę̃́ ę̃́ | E with tilde, acute and ogonek | Romance Dialectology |
| Ę̄ ę̄ | E with macron and ogonek | Proto-Germanic, Romance Dialectology |
| Ę̄̀ ę̄̀ | E with macron, grave and ogonek | Romance Dialectology |
| Ę̄́ ę̄́ | E with macron, acute and ogonek | Romance Dialectology |
| Ę̄̂ ę̄̂ | E with macron, circumflex and ogonek | |
| Ę̄̃ ę̄̃ | E with macron, tilde and ogonek | Romance Dialectology |
| Ę̄̌ ę̄̌ | E with macron, caron and ogonek | |
| Ę̆ ę̆ | E with breve and ogonek | Slavic dialectology |
| Ę̇ ę̇ | E with dot above and ogonek | |
| Ę̇́ ę̇́ | E with dot above, acute and ogonek | |
| Ę̈ ę̈ | E with diaeresis and ogonek | Slavic dialectology, Old High German |
| Ę̈̀ ę̈̀ | E with diaeresis, grave and ogonek | |
| Ę̈́ ę̈́ | E with diaeresis, acute and ogonek | |
| Ę̈̂ ę̈̂ | E with diaeresis, circumflex and ogonek | |
| Ę̈̌ ę̈̌ | E with diaeresis, caron and ogonek | |
| Ę̈̄ ę̈̄ | E with diaeresis, macron and ogonek | |
| Ę̋ ę̋ | E with double acute and ogonek | |
| Ę̌ ę̌ | E with caron and ogonek | |
| Ę̑ ę̑ | E with inverted breve and ogonek | Old Church Slavonic transliteration |
| Ę̱ ę̱ | E with ogonek and line below | |
| Ę̱̀ ę̱̀ | E with ogonek, line below and grave | |
| Ę̱́ ę̱́ | E with ogonek, line below and acute | |
| Ę̣ ę̣ | E with ogonek and dot below | |
| Ę᷎ ę᷎ | E with ogonek above and ogonek | |
| Ḙ ḙ | E with circumflex below | IPA and other phonetic systems, Semitic transliteration |
| Ḛ ḛ | E with tilde below | Ngambay, Zarma, !Xóõ, Semitic transliteration |
| E̱ e̱ | E with line below | Germanic dialectology, Aguaruna, Rigwe |
| È̱ è̱ | E with grave and line below | |
| É̱ é̱ | E with acute and line below | |
| Ê̱ ê̱ | E with circumflex and line below | |
| Ẽ̱ ẽ̱ | E with tilde and line below | |
| Ē̱ ē̱ | E with macron and line below | |
| Ḕ̱ ḕ̱ | E with macron, grave and line below | |
| Ḗ̱ ḗ̱ | E with macron, acute and line below | |
| Ē̱̂ ē̱̂ | E with macron, circumflex and line below | |
| Ë̱ ë̱ | E with diaeresis and line below | |
| Ë̱̀ ë̱̀ | E with diaeresis, grave and line below | |
| Ë̱́ ë̱́ | E with diaeresis, acute and line below | |
| Ë̱̂ ë̱̂ | E with diaeresis, circumflex and line below | |
| Ë̱̌ ë̱̌ | E with diaeresis, caron and line below | |
| Ě̱ ě̱ | E with caron and line below | |
| E̮ e̮ | E with breve below | Uralic dialectology |
| Ē̮ ē̮ | E with breve below and macron | Uralic dialectology |
| Ẹ ẹ | E with dot below | Abua, Aramaic transliteration, Accented Slovenian, Gokana, Ibibio, Isoko, Okpela, Samogitian dialectology, Slavic dialectology, Urhobo, Vietnamese, Yaghnobi, Yakö, Yoruba |
| Ẹ̀ ẹ̀ | E with grave and dot below | Aramaic transliteration, Greek dialectal transliteration |
| Ẹ́ ẹ́ | E with acute and dot below | Aramaic transliteration, Greek dialectal transliteration, Yaghnobi, Accented Slovenian |
| Ệ ệ | E with circumflex and dot below | Vietnamese |
| Ẹ̃ ẹ̃ | E with tilde and dot below | Samogitian dialectology |
| Ẹ̄ ẹ̄ | E with macron and dot below | Aramaic transliteration, Greek dialectal transliteration, Proto-East Baltic, Slavic dialectology |
| Ẹ̄̀ ẹ̄̀ | E with macron, grave and dot below | Aramaic transliteration, Greek dialectal transliteration |
| Ẹ̄́ ẹ̄́ | E with macron, acute and dot below | Aramaic transliteration, Greek dialectal transliteration, Proto-East Baltic |
| Ẹ̄̃ ẹ̄̃ | E with macron, tilde and dot below | Proto-East Baltic |
| Ẹ̆ ẹ̆ | E with breve and dot below | Romance dialectology, Croatian and Slovenian dialectology, Yaghnobi |
| Ẹ̆̀ ẹ̆̀ | E with breve and grave and dot below | Croatian and Slovenian dialectology |
| Ẹ̆́ ẹ̆́ | E with breve, acute and dot below | Yaghnobi, Croatian and Slovenian dialectology |
| Ẹ̈ ẹ̈ | E with diaeresis and dot below | |
| Ẹ̈̀ ẹ̈̀ | E with diaeresis, grave and dot below | |
| Ẹ̈́ ẹ̈́ | E with diaeresis, acute and dot below | |
| Ẹ̈̂ ẹ̈̂ | E with diaeresis, circumflex and dot below | |
| Ẹ̈̌ ẹ̈̌ | E with diaeresis, caron and dot below | |
| Ẹ̍ ẹ̍ | E with vertical line and dot below | |
| Ẹ̌ ẹ̌ | E with caron and dot below | Sangir |
| Ẹ̑ ẹ̑ | E with inverted breve and dot below | Accented Slovenian |
| E̤ e̤ | E with diaeresis below | Pu-Xian Min |
| È̤ è̤ | E with diaeresis below and grave | |
| É̤ é̤ | E with diaeresis below and acute | |
| Ê̤ ê̤ | E with diaeresis below and circumflex | |
| Ë̤ ë̤ | E with diaeresis below and diaeresis | |
| E̥ e̥ | E with ring below | Arabic transliteration, Pashto transliteration, Persian transliteration |
| E̯ e̯ | E with inverted breve below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| E̩ e̩ | E with vertical line below | |
| È̩ è̩ | E with vertical line below and grave | |
| É̩ é̩ | E with vertical line below and acute | |
| Ê̩ ê̩ | E with vertical line below and circumflex | |
| Ẽ̩ ẽ̩ | E with vertical line below and tilde | |
| Ē̩ ē̩ | E with vertical line below and macron | |
| Ě̩ ě̩ | E with vertical line below and caron | |
| E̩̍ e̩̍ | E with vertical line below and vertical line | |
| E̩̓ e̩̓ | E with vertical line below and comma above | |
| È͕ è͕ | E with right arrowhead below and grave | Uralic dialectology |
| Ê͕ ê͕ | E with right arrowhead below and circumflex | Uralic dialectology |
| Ẽ͕ ẽ͕ | E with right arrowhead below and tilde | Uralic dialectology |
| Ē͕ ē͕ | E with right arrowhead below and macron | Uralic dialectology |
| Ḕ͕ ḕ͕ | E with right arrowhead below, macron and grave | Uralic dialectology |
| E̜ e̜ | E with left half ring below | |
| E̹ e̹ | E with right half ring below | |
| È̹ è̹ | E with right half ring below and grave | |
| É̹ é̹ | E with right half ring below and acute | |
| Ê̹ ê̹ | E with right half ring below and circumflex | |
| Ẽ̹ ẽ̹ | E with right half ring below and tilde | |
| Ē̹ ē̹ | E with right half ring below and macron | |
| Ḕ̹ ḕ̹ | E with right half ring below, macron and grave | |
| Ɇ ɇ | E with stroke | Mazahua,169 Southeastern Tepehuan |
| ᶒ | E with retroflex hook | previously in IPA |
| ⱸ | E with notch | Swedish Dialect Alphabet |
| E̞ e̞ | E with down tack below | Mid front unrounded vowel |
| ᶕ | Schwa with retroflex hook | previously in IPA |
| ᶓ | Open E with retroflex hook | previously in IPA |
| ɚ | Schwa with hook | IPA |
| ᶔ | Reversed open E with retroflex hook | previously in IPA |
| ɝ | Reversed open E with hook (Reversed Epsilon hook) | IPA |
| Ɛ̀ ɛ̀ | Open E with grave | Nateni |
| Ɛ́ ɛ́ | Open E with acute | Noni, Nzime, Sisaala |
| Ɛ̂ ɛ̂ | Open E with circumflex | Nzime |
| Ɛ̃ ɛ̃ | Open E with tilde | Ewe |
| Ɛ̃̀ ɛ̃̀ | Open E with tilde and grave | |
| Ɛ̃́ ɛ̃́ | Open E with tilde and acute | |
| Ɛ̃̂ ɛ̃̂ | Open E with tilde and circumflex | |
| Ɛ̃̌ ɛ̃̌ | Open E with tilde and caron | |
| Ɛ̃̍ ɛ̃̍ | Open E with tilde and vertical line | |
| Ɛ̃̎ ɛ̃̎ | Open E with tilde and double vertical line | |
| Ɛ̄ ɛ̄ | Open E with macron | |
| Ɛ̆ ɛ̆ | Open E with breve | |
| Ɛ̇ ɛ̇ | Open E with dot above | |
| Ɛ̈ ɛ̈ | Open E with diaeresis | |
| Ɛ̌ ɛ̌ | Open E with caron | Nzime |
| Ɛ̍ ɛ̍ | Open E with vertical line | |
| Ɛ̎ ɛ̎ | Open E with double vertical line | |
| Ɛ̣ ɛ̣ | Open E with dot below | George Herzog's Jabo transcription |
| Ɛ̣̀ ɛ̣̀ | Open E with dot below and grave | |
| Ɛ̣́ ɛ̣́ | Open E with dot below and acute | |
| Ɛ̣̂ ɛ̣̂ | Open E with dot below and circumflex | |
| Ɛ̣̃ ɛ̣̃ | Open E with dot below and tilde | |
| Ɛ̣̈ ɛ̣̈ | Open E with dot below and diaeresis | |
| Ɛ̣̈̀ ɛ̣̈̀ | Open E with dot below, diaeresis and grave | |
| Ɛ̣̈́ ɛ̣̈́ | Open E with dot below, diaeresis and acute | |
| Ɛ̣̈̂ ɛ̣̈̂ | Open E with dot below, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Ɛ̣̈̌ ɛ̣̈̌ | Open E with dot below, diaeresis and caron | |
| Ɛ̣̌ ɛ̣̌ | Open E with dot below and caron | |
| Ɛ̤ ɛ̤ | Open E with diaeresis below | |
| Ɛ̤̀ ɛ̤̀ | Open E with diaeresis below and grave | |
| Ɛ̤́ ɛ̤́ | Open E with diaeresis below and acute | |
| Ɛ̤̂ ɛ̤̂ | Open E with diaeresis below and circumflex | |
| Ɛ̤̈ ɛ̤̈ | Open E with diaeresis below and diaeresis | |
| Ɛ̧ ɛ̧ | Open E with cedilla | |
| Ɛ̧̀ ɛ̧̀ | Open E with cedilla and grave | |
| Ɛ̧́ ɛ̧́ | Open E with cedilla and acute | |
| Ɛ̧̂ ɛ̧̂ | Open E with cedilla and circumflex | |
| Ɛ̧̌ ɛ̧̌ | Open E with cedilla and caron | |
| Ɛ̨ ɛ̨ | Open E with ogonek | |
| Ɛ̨̀ ɛ̨̀ | Open E with ogonek and grave | |
| Ɛ̨́ ɛ̨́ | Open E with ogonek and acute | |
| Ɛ̨̂ ɛ̨̂ | Open E with ogonek and circumflex | |
| Ɛ̨̄ ɛ̨̄ | Open E with ogonek and macron | |
| Ɛ̨̆ ɛ̨̆ | Open E with ogonek and breve | |
| Ɛ̨̈ ɛ̨̈ | Open E with ogonek and diaeresis | |
| Ɛ̨̌ ɛ̨̌ | Open E with ogonek and caron | |
| Ɛ̰ ɛ̰ | Open E with tilde below | |
| Ɛ̰̀ ɛ̰̀ | Open E with tilde below and grave | |
| Ɛ̰́ ɛ̰́ | Open E with tilde below and acute | |
| Ɛ̰̄ ɛ̰̄ | Open E with tilde below and macron | |
| Ɛ̱ ɛ̱ | Open E with line below | |
| Ɛ̱̀ ɛ̱̀ | Open E with line below and grave | |
| Ɛ̱́ ɛ̱́ | Open E with line below and acute | |
| Ɛ̱̂ ɛ̱̂ | Open E with line below and circumflex | |
| Ɛ̱̃ ɛ̱̃ | Open E with line below and tilde | |
| Ɛ̱̈ ɛ̱̈ | Open E with line below and diaeresis | |
| Ɛ̱̈̀ ɛ̱̈̀ | Open E with line below, diaeresis and grave | |
| Ɛ̱̈́ ɛ̱̈́ | Open E with line below, diaeresis and acute | |
| Ɛ̱̌ ɛ̱̌ | Open E with line below and caron | |
| Ə̀ ə̀ | Schwa with grave | Pinyin |
| Ə́ ə́ | Schwa with acute | |
| Ə̂ ə̂ | Schwa with circumflex | |
| Ə̄ ə̄ | Schwa with macron | Avestan transliteration |
| Ə̌ ə̌ | Schwa with caron | |
| Ə̏ ə̏ | Schwa with double grave | Accented Slovenian |
| Ə̱ ə̱ | Schwa with macron below | Idu Mishmi |
| Ə̱̃ ə̱̃ | Schwa with macron below and tilde | Idu Mishmi |
| ́ ɤ́ | Ram's horn with acute | Eastern Dan, Goo |
| ̂ ɤ̂ | Ram's horn with circumflex | Eastern Dan, Goo |
| ̀ ɤ̀ | Ram's horn with grave | Eastern Dan, Goo |
| ̋ ɤ̋ | Ram's horn with double acute | Eastern Dan |
| ̏ ɤ̏ | Ram's horn with double grave | Eastern Dan |
| ̄ ɤ̄ | Ram's horn with macron | Eastern Dan |
| ɤ̞ | Ram's horn with down tack below | Mid back unrounded vowel |
| F̀ f̀ | F with grave | ISO 9 |
| F́ f́ | F with acute | Võro |
| F̃ f̃ | F with tilde | Igbo (alternate orthography) |
| F̄ f̄ | F with macron | ISO 11940, Thai transliteration |
| Ḟ ḟ | F with dot above | Irish (old orthography), Old High German, Old Russian transliteration |
| F̓ f̓ | F with comma above | |
| F̧ f̧ | F with cedilla | ALA-LC romanization of Abkhaz |
| ᵮ | F with middle tilde | |
| ᶂ | F with palatal hook | |
| Ƒ ƒ | F with hook (Script F) | Ewe |
| Ꞙ ꞙ | F with stroke | Archaic letter for Ewe |
| F̱ f̱ | F with line below | |
| F̣ f̣ | F with dot below | Georgian transliteration |
| ꜰ̇ | Small capital F with dot above | |
| Ꝼ́ ꝼ́ | Insular F with acute | |
| Ꝼ̇ ꝼ̇ | Insular F with dot above | |
| Ꝼ̣ ꝼ̣ | Insular F with dot below | |
| G̀ g̀ | G with grave | ISO 9 |
| Ǵ ǵ | G with acute | Kharosthi transliteration, Macedonian transliteration, Middle Persian Transliteration |
| Ǵ̄ ǵ̄ | G with acute and macron | Kharosthi transliteration |
| Ĝ ĝ | G with circumflex | Aleut, Esperanto, Proto-Indo-European dialectology |
| G̃ g̃ | G with tilde | Pre-1936 Tagalog letter; ng, Guaraní, Latin abbreviation, Sumerian transliteration |
| G̃́ g̃́ | G with tilde and acute | |
| Ḡ ḡ | G with macron | Hebrew romanization, Kharosthi transliteration, Runic transliteration, Sindhi transliteration (Lepsius) |
| Ḡ́ ḡ́ | G with macron and acute | Runic transliteration |
| Ğ ğ | G with breve | Turkish, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Laz, Bashkir transliteration |
| Ġ ġ | G with dot above | Iñupiat, Irish (old orthography), Maltese, Old High German |
| G̈ g̈ | G with diaeresis | Nawdm, ALA-LC romanization of Sindhi |
| G̈̇ g̈̇ | G with three dots above/diaeresis and dot above | Book Pahlavi transliteration |
| G̊ g̊ | G with ring above | IPA |
| G̋ g̋ | G with double acute | Old Hungarian |
| Ǧ ǧ | G with caron | Arabic transliteration, Berber, Lakota, Manichaean transliteration, Romani, Skolt Sámi |
| Ǧ̈ ǧ̈ | G with caron and diaeresis | Manichaean transliteration |
| G̑ g̑ | G with inverted breve | Aleut (alternative orthography), Glagolitic transliteration, Proto-Indo-European dialectology |
| G̒ g̒ | G with turned comma above | |
| Gʻ gʻ | G with turned comma above right | Uzbek |
| G̓ g̓ | G with comma above | |
| G̓́ g̓́ | G with comma above and acute | Romance dialectology |
| G̕ g̕ | G with comma above right | |
| G̔ g̔ | G with reversed comma above | |
| Ģ ģ | G with cedilla | Latvian |
| G̦ g̦ | G with comma below | Old Latgalian |
| G̱ g̱ | G with line below | Hebrew romanization, Middle Persian transliteration, Sindhi transliteration |
| G̱̓ g̱̓ | G with line below and comma above | |
| G̮ g̮ | G with breve below | Romance Dialectology |
| G̣ g̣ | G with dot below | Eyak, Georgian transliteration |
| G̤ g̤ | G with diaeresis below | |
| G̥ g̥ | G with ring below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| G̫ g̫ | G with inverted double arch below | IPA |
| Ꞡ ꞡ | G with oblique stroke | Pre-1921 Latvian letter |
| Ǥ ǥ | G with stroke | Proto-Germanic, Skolt Sámi |
| ᶃ | G with palatal hook | |
| Ɠ ɠ 𐞓 | G with hook | Voiced velar implosive; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter170 |
| ɢ̇ | Small capital G with dot above | |
| ɢ̣ | Small capital G with dot below | |
| ʛ 𐞔 | Small capital G with hook | Voiced uvular implosive; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter171 |
| Ɣ̓ ɣ̓ | Gamma with comma above | Thompson |
| H̀ h̀ | H with grave | Greek transliteration |
| H́ h́ | H with acute | Avestan transliteration, Greek transliteration, Kharosthi transliteration, Võro, ALA-LC romanization |
| Ĥ ĥ | H with circumflex | Esperanto |
| H̄ h̄ | H with macron | ISO 11940, Thai transliteration |
| Ḣ ḣ | H with dot above | Thai transliteration, Old High German |
| Ḧ ḧ | H with diaeresis | Kurdish |
| Ȟ ȟ | H with caron | Finnish Romani, Lakota |
| H̐ h̐ | H with chandrabindu | ALA-LC romanization of Kabardian |
| H̓ h̓ | H with comma above | Heiltsuk |
| H̕ h̕ | H with comma above right | |
| Ḩ ḩ | H with cedilla | Arabic transliteration, Judeo-Tat |
| H̨ h̨ | H with ogonek | Avestan transliteration |
| H̭ h̭ | H with circumflex below | Demotic Egyptian transliteration |
| H̱ ẖ | H with line below | Arabic transliteration, Middle Persian transliteration |
| Ḫ ḫ | H with breve below | Arabic transliteration |
| Ḥ ḥ | H with dot below | Afro-Asiatic linguistics (including romanizations of Ancient Egyptian, Amazigh, Akkadian, Hebrew and Arabic) |
| Ḥ̣ ḥ̣ | H with colon below | Afro-Asiatic linguistics172 |
| H̤ h̤ | H with diaeresis below | |
| H̥ h̥ | H with ring below | IPA |
| H̬ h̬ | H with caron below | IPA, Afro-Asiatic linguistics (including romanizations of Ancient Egyptian and Arabic) |
| H̯ h̯ | H with inverted breve below | Indo-European Dialectology |
| Ħ ħ ꟸ 𐞕 | H with stroke | Voiceless pharyngeal fricative; Maltese; Superscript 𐞕 is an IPA superscript letter173 |
| Ħ̥ ħ̥ | H with stroke and ring below | |
| Ɦ ɦ ʱ | H with hook | Voiced glottal fricative; Dagaare, Massa |
| Ⱨ ⱨ | H with descender | Uyghur. cf. Cyrillic: Ҙ ҙ |
| ꞕ | H with palatal hook | Lithuanian dialectology174175 |
| h̢ | H with retroflex hook | |
| ʜ̇ | Small capital H with dot above | |
| ɧ 𐞗 | Heng with hook | Voiceless palatal-velar fricative; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter176 |
| Ì ì | I with grave | Emiliano-Romagnolo, Friulian, Italian, Luba-Kasai, Maltese, Nateni, Ndogo, Pinyin transliteration, Scottish Gaelic, Senoufo, Vietnamese, Welsh, Zurich German (some spellings) |
| Í í | I with acute | Afrikaans, Catalan, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Faroese, Galician, Hungarian Icelandic, Lingala, Lithuanian, Navajo, Ndogo, Ngiemboon, Nomaande, Ntcham, Nzime, Occitan, Pinyin transliteration, Portuguese, Slovak, Accented Slovenian, Spanish, Tatar, Vietnamese, Welsh, Yaghnobi |
| Î î | I with circumflex | Afrikaans, Emiliano-Romagnolo, French, Friulian, Italian, Kurdish, Accented Latvian, Romanian, Turkish, Welsh |
| Î́ î́ | I with circumflex and acute | |
| Ĩ ĩ | I with tilde | Apalai, Bariba, Boko, Greenlandic, Guaraní, Kikuyu, Accented Latvian, Lithuanian, Nande, Umbundu, Vietnamese, Zarma |
| Ĩ́ ĩ́ | I with tilde and acute | |
| Ĩ̀ ĩ̀ | I with tilde and grave | |
| Ĩ̂ ĩ̂ | I with tilde and circumflex | |
| Ĩ̌ ĩ̌ | I with tilde and caron | |
| Ĩ̍ ĩ̍ | I with tilde and vertical line | |
| Ĩ̎ ĩ̎ | I with tilde and double vertical line | |
| Ī ī | I with macron | Arabic transliteration, Latvian, Latin, Māori, Ntcham, Nyakyusa, Sanskrit transliteration, Thai transliteration |
| Ī́ ī́ | I with macron and acute | Latin, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ī̀ ī̀ | I with macron and grave | Latin, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ī̂ ī̂ | I with macron and circumflex | |
| Ī̌ ī̌ | I with macron and caron | |
| Ī̃ ī̃ | I with macron and tilde | Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ī̄ ī̄ | I with macron and macron | Kienning Colloquial Romanized transliteration |
| Ī̆ ī̆ | I with macron and breve | Latin |
| Ī̆́ ī̆́ | I with macron, breve and acute | Latin |
| Ĭ ĭ | I with breve | Jarai, Latin, Yaghnobi; Previously used in Romanian |
| Ĭ̀ ĭ̀ | I with breve and grave | Latin |
| Ĭ́ ĭ́ | I with breve and acute | Latin, Yaghnobi |
| İ i | I (uppercase) with dot above | Turkish, Azerbaijani, Old High German |
| I ı | I (lowercase, i.e. ı) without dot above | Turkish, Azerbaijani, Old High German, Old Icelandic (in the First Grammatical Treatise) |
| İ́ i̇́ | I with dot above and acute | |
| Ï ï | I with diaeresis | Afrikaans, Catalan, Dutch, French, Glagolitic transliteration, Greek transliteration, Italian, Welsh |
| Ï̀ ï̀ | I with diaeresis and grave | Greek transliteration |
| Ḯ ḯ | I with diaeresis and acute | Greek transliteration |
| Ï̂ ï̂ | I with diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Ï̃ ï̃ | I with diaeresis and tilde | |
| Ï̄ ï̄ | I with diaeresis and macron | |
| Ï̌ ï̌ | I with diaeresis and caron | |
| Ï̑ ï̑ | I with diaeresis and inverted breve | Glagolitic transliteration |
| I̊ i̊ | I with ring above | Old High German |
| I̋ i̋ | I with double acute | Old High German |
| Ǐ ǐ | I with caron | Pinyin |
| Ỉ ỉ | I with hook above | Vietnamese |
| I̍ i̍ | I with vertical line | Pe̍h-oē-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other romanizations of Chinese dialects |
| I̎ i̎ | I with double vertical line | |
| Ȉ ȉ | I with double grave | Croatian, Accented Slovenian |
| I̐ i̐ | I with chandrabindu | ALA-LC Romanization |
| Ȋ ȋ | I with inverted breve | Croatian, Glagolitic transliteration, Accented Slovenian |
| I᷎ i᷎ | I with ogonek above | |
| Į į | I with ogonek | Lithuanian, Navajo |
| Į̀ į̀ | I with ogonek and grave | Tlicho |
| Į́ į́ į̇́ | I with ogonek and acute | Lithuanian, Navajo |
| Į̂ į̂ | I with ogonek and circumflex | |
| Į̃ į̃ į̇̃ | I with ogonek and tilde | Lithuanian |
| Į̄ į̄ | I with ogonek and macron | Proto-Germanic |
| Į̄̀ į̄̀ | I with ogonek, macron, and grave | |
| Į̄́ į̄́ | I with ogonek, macron and acute | |
| Į̄̂ į̄̂ | I with ogonek, macron and circumflex | |
| Į̄̆ į̄̆ | I with ogonek, macron and breve | North Germanic Dialectology |
| Į̄̌ į̄̌ | I with ogonek, macron and caron | |
| Į̈ į̈ | I with ogonek and diaeresis | |
| Į̈̀ į̈̀ | I with ogonek, diaeresis and grave | |
| Į̈́ į̈́ | I with ogonek, diaeresis and acute | |
| Į̈̂ į̈̂ | I with ogonek, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Į̈̌ į̈̌ | I with ogonek, diaeresis and caron | |
| Į̈̄ į̈̄ | I with ogonek, diaeresis and macron | |
| Į̋ į̋ | I with ogonek and double acute | |
| Į̌ į̌ | I with ogonek and caron | |
| Į̱ į̱ | I with ogonek and line below | |
| Į̱́ į̱́ | I with ogonek, line below and acute | |
| Į̱̀ į̱̀ | I with ogonek, line below and grave | |
| I̓ i̓ | I with comma above | Heiltsuk |
| I̧ i̧ | I with cedilla | |
| Í̧ í̧ | I with cedilla and acute | |
| Ì̧ ì̧ | I with cedilla and grave | |
| Î̧ î̧ | I with cedilla and circumflex | |
| I̭ i̭ | I with circumflex below | Cuneiform transliteration |
| Ī̭ ī̭ | I with circumflex below and macron | Cuneiform transliteration |
| Ḭ ḭ | I with tilde below | IPA, Semitic transliteration |
| Ḭ̀ ḭ̀ | I with tilde below and grave | |
| Ḭ́ ḭ́ | I with tilde below and acute | Nateni |
| Ḭ̄ ḭ̄ | I with tilde below and macron | |
| Ḭ̈ ḭ̈ | I with tilde below and diaeresis | |
| Ḭ̈́ ḭ̈́ | I with tilde below, diaeresis and acute | |
| I̱ i̱ | I with line below | Germanic dialectology, Aguaruna |
| Ì̱ ì̱ | I with line below and grave | |
| Í̱ í̱ | I with line below and acute | |
| Î̱ î̱ | I with line below and circumflex | |
| Ǐ̱ ǐ̱ | I with line below and caron | |
| Ĩ̱ ĩ̱ | I with line below and tilde | |
| Ï̱ ï̱ | I with line below and diaeresis | |
| Ḯ̱ ḯ̱ | I with line below, diaeresis and acute | |
| Ï̱̀ ï̱̀ | I with line below, diaeresis and grave | |
| Ï̱̂ ï̱̂ | I with line below, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Ï̱̌ ï̱̌ | I with line below, diaeresis and caron | |
| Ī̱ ī̱ | I with line below and macron | |
| Ī̱́ ī̱́ | I with line below, macron and acute | |
| Ī̱̀ ī̱̀ | I with line below, macron and grave | |
| Ī̱̂ ī̱̂ | I with line below, macron and circumflex | |
| I̮ i̮ | I with breve below | Uralic dialectology |
| Ị ị | I with dot below | Igbo, Nyakyusa, Vietnamese, Thai transliteration |
| Ị̀ ị̀ | I with dot below and grave | |
| Ị́ ị́ | I with dot below and acute | |
| Ị̂ ị̂ | I with dot below and circumflex | |
| Ị̃ ị̃ | I with dot below and tilde | |
| Ị̄ ị̄ | I with dot below and macron | Romance dialectology |
| Ị̈ ị̈ | I with dot below and diaeresis | |
| Ị̈̀ ị̈̀ | I with dot below, diaeresis and grave | |
| Ị̈́ ị̈́ | I with dot below, diaeresis and acute | |
| Ị̈̂ ị̈̂ | I with dot below, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Ị̈̌ ị̈̌ | I with dot below, diaeresis and caron | |
| Ị̌ ị̌ | I with dot below and caron | |
| Ị̍ ị̍ | I with dot below and vertical line | |
| I̤ i̤ | I with diaeresis below | |
| Ì̤ ì̤ | I with diaeresis below and grave | |
| Í̤ í̤ | I with diaeresis below and acute | |
| Î̤ î̤ | I with diaeresis below and circumflex | |
| Ï̤ ï̤ | I with diaeresis below and diaeresis | |
| I̥ i̥ | I with ring below | IPA (devoiced vowel), Yaghnobi |
| Í̥ í̥ | I with ring below and acute | Yaghnobi |
| Ï̥ ï̥ | I with ring below and diaeresis | |
| I̯ i̯ | I with inverted breve below | IPA, Proto-Indo-European, Uralic dialectology |
| Í̯ í̯ | I with inverted breve below and acute | Uralic dialectology |
| Ĩ̯ ĩ̯ | I with inverted breve below and tilde | Proto-Indo-European |
| I̩ i̩ | I with vertical line below | |
| I͔ i͔ | I with left arrowhead below | Uralic dialectology |
| Ī͔ ī͔ | I with left arrowhead below and macron | Uralic dialectology |
| Ɨ ɨ ᶤ | I with stroke | Close central unrounded vowel; General Alphabet of Cameroon languages, Thai transliteration |
| Ɨ̀ ɨ̀ | I with stroke and grave | Pinyin |
| Ɨ́ ɨ́ | I with stroke and acute | Nzime |
| Ɨ̂ ɨ̂ | I with stroke and circumflex | |
| Ɨ̌ ɨ̌ | I with stroke and caron | |
| Ɨ̃ ɨ̃ | I with stroke and tilde | |
| Ɨ̄ ɨ̄ | I with stroke and macron | |
| Ɨ̈ ɨ̈ | I with stroke and diaeresis | |
| Ɨ̧ ɨ̧ | I with stroke and cedilla | |
| Ɨ̧̀ ɨ̧̀ | I with stroke, cedilla and grave | |
| Ɨ̧̂ ɨ̧̂ | I with stroke, cedilla and circumflex | |
| Ɨ̧̌ ɨ̧̌ | I with stroke, cedilla and caron | |
| Ɨ̱ ɨ̱ | I with stroke and line below | |
| Ɨ̱̀ ɨ̱̀ | I with stroke, line below and grave | |
| Ɨ̱́ ɨ̱́ | I with stroke, line below and acute | |
| Ɨ̱̂ ɨ̱̂ | I with stroke, line below and circumflex | |
| Ɨ̱̈ ɨ̱̈ | I with stroke, line below and diaeresis | |
| Ɨ̱̌ ɨ̱̌ | I with stroke, line below and caron | |
| Ɨ̯ ɨ̯ | I with stroke and inverted breve below | |
| 𝼚 | I with stroke and retroflex hook | Used in phonetic transcription177178 |
| ᶖ | I with retroflex hook | |
| Ꞽ ꞽ | Glottal I | Egyptological yod179 |
| ı̣ | Dotless I with dot below | Slavic dialectology |
| ı̥ | Dotless I with ring below | |
| Ɩ̀ ɩ̀ | Iota with grave | Dagaare, Goo, Guro, Nuni, Puguli, Tafi, Tura |
| Ɩ́ ɩ́ | Iota with acute | Nkonya, Sisaala |
| Ɩ᷇ ɩ᷇ | Iota with acute-macron | |
| Ɩ̂ ɩ̂ | Iota with cicumflex | Anii, Goo, Guro, Tafi, Tura |
| Ɩ̃ ɩ̃ | Iota with tilde | Dagaare, Dogose, Kaansa, Puguli, Tafi, |
| Ɩ̃́ ɩ̃́ | Iota with tilde and acute | |
| Ɩ̃̀ ɩ̃̀ | Iota with tilde and grave | |
| Ɩ̃̂ ɩ̃̂ | Iota with tilde and circumflex | |
| Ɩ̃̌ ɩ̃̌ | Iota with tilde and caron | |
| Ɩ̃̄ ɩ̃̄ | Iota with tilde and macron | |
| Ɩ̃᷇ ɩ̃᷇ | Iota with tilde and acute-macron | |
| Ɩ̈ ɩ̈ | Iota with diaeresis | Americanist phonetic notation |
| Ɩ̇ ɩ̇ | Iota with dot | Americanist phonetic notation |
| Ɩ̌ ɩ̌ | Iota with caron | Guro |
| ᵼ | Iota with stroke | |
| J́ j́ | J with acute | ISO 9, Kharosthi transliteration |
| Ĵ ĵ | J with circumflex | Esperanto |
| J̃ j̃ j̇̃ | J with tilde | Lithuanian |
| J̄ j̄ | J with macron | Kharosthi transliteration, Sindhi transliteration (Lepsius) |
| J̇ | J with dot above | Old High German |
| J̈ j̈ | J with diaeresis | ALA-LC romanization of Sindhi, Pingasorian |
| J̈̇ j̈̇ | J with three dots above/diaeresis and dot above | Book Pahlavi transliteration |
| J̊ j̊ | J with ring above | Old High German |
| J̋ j̋ | J with double acute | |
| J̌ ǰ | J with caron | Wakhi, Uralic linguistics |
| J̌́ ǰ́ | J with caron and acute | Uralic linguistics |
| J̑ j̑ | J with inverted breve | Glagolitic transliteration |
| J̓ j̓ | J with comma above | |
| J᷎ j᷎ | J with ogonek above | |
| J̱ j̱ | J with line below | Sindhi transliteration |
| J̣ j̣ | J with dot below | Inari Sami, Old High German, Shina |
| J̣̌ ǰ̣ | J with dot below and caron | Wakhi |
| J̥ j̥ | J with ring below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| Ɉ ɉ | J with stroke | Arhuaco |
| Ɉ̱ ɉ̱ | J with stroke and line below | |
| Ʝ ʝ ᶨ | J with crossed-tail | Voiced palatal fricative |
| ɟ ᶡ | Dotless J with stroke | Voiced palatal plosive |
| ʄ 𐞘 | Dotless J with stroke and hook | Voiced palatal implosive; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter180 |
| K̀ k̀ | K with grave | Greek transliteration, ISO 9 |
| Ḱ ḱ | K with acute | Macedonian transliteration, Greek transliteration, Saanich, ISO 9 |
| K̂ k̂ | K with circumflex | Carian transliteration, Proto-Indo-Iranian dialectology |
| K̃ k̃ | K with tilde | Transliterations (used for IPA /x/), Old Norse abbreviation, Babm |
| K̄ k̄ | K with macron | ISO 9, Thai transliteration |
| K̆ k̆ | K with breve | Uralic dialectology, Laz, Thai transliteration |
| K̇ k̇ | K with dot above | Old High German; ALA-LC romanizations |
| K̈ k̈ | K with diaeresis | Manichaean transliteration |
| Ǩ ǩ | K with caron | Skolt Sámi, Laz |
| K̑ k̑ | K with inverted breve | Proto-Indo-European dialectology, Glagolitic transliteration |
| K̓ k̓ | K with comma above | Greek transliteration |
| K̕ k̕ | K with comma above right | |
| K̔ k̔ | K with reversed comma above | |
| K͑ k͑ | K with left half ring above | Armenian transliteration |
| Ķ ķ | K with cedilla | Latvian |
| K̦ k̦ | K with comma below | Old Latgalian |
| K̨ k̨ | K with ogonek | Uralic dialectology |
| Ḵ ḵ | K with line below | Hebrew romanization, Middle Persian transliteration |
| Ḵ̓ ḵ̓ | K with line below and comma above | |
| Ḳ ḳ | K with dot below | Urdu transliteration, Georgian transliteration, ALA-LC and DIN 31636 Hebrew romanization (written as q in the main romanization), Thai transliteration |
| K̮ k̮ | K with breve below | Romance dialectology |
| K̥ k̥ | K with ring below | |
| K̬ k̬ | K with caron below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| K̫ k̫ | K with inverted double arch below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| ᶄ | K with palatal hook | |
| Ƙ ƙ | K with hook | Obsolete symbol for voiceless velar implosive, Hausa, Karai-karai |
| Ⱪ ⱪ | K with descender | Azerbaijani (some dialects), Uyghur. cf. Cyrillic: Қ қ |
| Ꝁ ꝁ | K with stroke | Medieval abbreviations181 |
| Ꝃ ꝃ | K with diagonal stroke | Medieval abbreviations182 |
| Ꝅ ꝅ | K with stroke and diagonal stroke | Medieval abbreviations183 |
| Ꞣ ꞣ | K with oblique stroke | Pre-1921 Latvian letter |
| ᴋ̇ | Small capital K with dot above | |
| Ŀ ŀ | L with middle dot | Catalan |
| 𝼦 | L with mid-height left hook | Used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language.184 |
| L̀ l̀ | L with grave | Ntcham |
| Ĺ ĺ | L with acute | Slovak, Ntcham |
| L̂ l̂ | L with circumflex | Accented Latvian, ISO 9 |
| L̃ l̃ | L with tilde | Accented Latvian, Lithuanian |
| L̄ l̄ | L with macron | Basque (alternative orthography) |
| L̇ l̇ | L with dot above | Old High German; Previously used in Czech |
| L̈ l̈ | L with diaeresis | |
| L̋ l̋ | L with double acute | |
| Ľ ľ | L with caron | Romani, Slovak |
| L̐ l̐ | L with chandrabindu | Sanskrit transliteration |
| L̑ l̑ | L with inverted breve | Glagolitic transliteration |
| L̓ l̓ | L with comma above | Heiltsuk, Thompson |
| L̕ l̕ | L with comma above right | |
| Ļ ļ | L with cedilla | Latvian, Marshallese |
| Ļ̂ ļ̂ | L with cedilla and circumflex | Accented Latvian |
| Ļ̃ ļ̃ | L with cedilla and tilde | Accented Latvian |
| L̦ l̦ | L with comma below | Nenets in the 1930s, Old Latgalian |
| Ḽ ḽ | L with circumflex below | Venda |
| Ḻ ḻ | L with line below | Middle Persian transliteration, Tamil transliteration |
| Ḻ̓ ḻ̓ | L with comma above and line below | |
| L̮ l̮ | L with breve below | Romance dialectology |
| Ḷ ḷ | L with dot below | Bengali transliteration, Inari Sami, Iñupiat, Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration, Thai transliteration |
| Ḷ̀ ḷ̀ | L with grave and dot below | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ḷ́ ḷ́ | L with acute and dot below | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ḹ ḹ | L with dot below and macron | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ḹ́ ḹ́ | L with dot below and macron and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ḹ̆ ḹ̆ | L with dot below and macron and breve | Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ḷ̓ ḷ̓ | L with comma above and dot below | |
| Ḷ̕ ḷ̕ | L with comma above right and dot below | |
| Ḷ̣ ḷ̣ | L with colon below | Arabic romanization, Indic linguistics (incl. romanizations of Punjabi) |
| L̤ l̤ | L with diaeresis below | Bengali, Kannada, Tamil, and Malayalam transliteration |
| L̤̄ l̤̄ | L with diaeresis below and macron | Bengali transliteration |
| L̥ l̥ | L with ring below | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| L̥̀ l̥̀ | L with ring below and grave | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ĺ̥ ĺ̥ | L with ring below and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| L̥̄ l̥̄ | L with ring below and macron | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| L̥̄́ l̥̄́ | L with ring below, macron and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| L̥̄̆ l̥̄̆ | L with ring below, macron and breve | Proto-Indo-European |
| L̥̕ l̥̕ | L with ring below and caron | Sanskrit transliteration |
| L̩ l̩ | L with vertical line below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| L̩̀ l̩̀ | L with vertical line below and grave | |
| L̩̓ l̩̓ | L with vertical line below and comma above | |
| L̯ l̯ | L with inverted breve below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| Ł ł | L with stroke | Gwich'in, Iñupiat, Kashubian, Navajo, Polish, Salish, Silesian, accented Slovenian, Sorbian, Venetian, Thai transliteration |
| Ł̇ ł̇ | L with stroke and dot above | |
| Ł̓ ł̓ | L with stroke and comma above | |
| Ł̣ ł̣ | L with stroke and dot below | Iñupiat |
| Ł̱ ł̱ | L with stroke and line below | |
| Ꝉ ꝉ | L with high stroke | Medieval abbreviations185 |
| Ƚ ƚ | L with bar | Saanich |
| Ⱡ ⱡ | L with double bar | Melpa |
| Ɫ ɫ ꭞ | L with middle tilde | Velarized alveolar lateral approximant, Teuthonista phonetic transcription system for German dialectology186 |
| Ɬ ɬ 𐞛 | L with belt | Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter187 |
| 𝼓 | L with belt and palatal hook | Used in phonetic transcription188189 |
| 𝼑 | L with fishhook | Used in phonetic transcription190191 |
| ᶅ ᶪ | L with palatal hook | |
| ɭ ᶩ | L with retroflex hook | Retroflex lateral approximant |
| ꞎ 𐞝 | L with retroflex hook and belt | Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative in Toda; Superscript form is part of the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for disordered speech (extIPA)192193 |
| ȴ | L with curl | Alevolo-palatal lateral approximant |
| ʟ̇ | Small capital L with dot above | |
| ʟ̣ | Small capital L with dot below | |
| 𝼄 𐞜 | Small capital L with belt | ExtIPA (unvoiced lateral fricative);194 Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter195196 |
| ƛ | Lambda with stroke | Salishan and Wakashan languages,197 Americanist phonetic notation |
| ƛ̓ | Lambda with stroke and comma above | Used for many of the Salish languages, such as Klallam, for an ejective lateral affricate |
| M̀ m̀ | M with grave | Doo, Gokana, Kikongo, Old Italian, Tarok, Yoruba, Pinyin transliteration and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| Ḿ ḿ | M with acute | Dii, Gokana, Makari, Tarok, Võro, Yoruba, Yupik, Pinyin transliteration and other transliterations of Chinese dialects; previously used in Sorbian |
| M̂ m̂ | M with circumflex | Latvian lexicographic tonal notation, obsolete Luxembourgish spelling, Old High German, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| M̃ m̃ | M with tilde | Accented Latvian, Lithuanian, Lycian transliteration, Old Irish |
| M̄ m̄ | M with macron | Kharosthi transliteration, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| M̆ m̆ | M with breve | Sinhala transliteration |
| Ṁ ṁ | M with dot above | Irish (old orthography), Old High German, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ṁ̇ ṁ̇ | M with colon above | Sanskrit transliteration |
| M̈ m̈ | M with diaeresis | Araki, Old German |
| M̋ m̋ | M with double acute | |
| M̍ m̍ | M with vertical line | Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects. |
| M̌ m̌ | M with caron | Tarok, Wenzhounese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects. |
| M̐ m̐ | M with chandrabindu | Sanskrit transliteration |
| M̑ m̑ | M with inverted breve | Glagolitic transliteration |
| M̓ m̓ | M with comma above | |
| M̕̕ m̕ | M with comma above right | |
| M͑ m͑ | M with left half ring above | Armenian transliteration |
| ᵯ | M with middle tilde | |
| M̧ m̧ | M with cedilla | Marshallese |
| M̨ m̨ | M with ogonek | Avestan transliteration, Uralic dialectology |
| M̦ m̦ | M with comma below | Nenets in the 1930s |
| M̱ m̱ | M with line below | Middle Persian transliteration, Telugu transliteration |
| Ḿ̱ ḿ̱ | M with line below and acute | Telugu transliteration |
| M̮ m̮ | M with breve below | Romance Dialectology |
| Ṃ ṃ | M with dot below | Inari Sami, Sanskrit transliteration, Thaana transliteration |
| Ṃ́ ṃ́ | M with acute and dot below | Thaana transliteration |
| Ṃ̄ ṃ̄ | M with macron and dot below | Thaana transliteration |
| Ṃ̓ ṃ̓ | M with comma above and dot below | |
| M̥ m̥ | M with ring below | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ḿ̥ ḿ̥ | M with ring below and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| M̥̄ m̥̄ | M with ring below and macron | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| M̥̄́ m̥̄́ | M with ring below, macron and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| M̥̄̆ m̥̄̆ | M with ring below, macron and breve | Proto-Indo-European |
| M̬ m̬ | M with caron below | Uralic dialectology |
| M̩ m̩ | M with vertical line below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| M̩̀ m̩̀ | M with vertical line below and grave | |
| M̩̓ m̩̓ | M with vertical line below and comma above | |
| M̯ m̯ | M with inverted breve below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| ᶆ | M with palatal hook | |
| m̢ | M with retroflex hook | |
| Ɱ ɱ ᶬ | M with hook | Labiodental nasal |
| ᴍ̇ | Small capital M with dot above | |
| ᴍ̣ | Small capital M with dot below | |
| Ǹ ǹ | N with grave | Dii, Kikongo, Nateni, Old Italian, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Tarok, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| Ń ń | N with acute | Nateni, Ngangam, Nuni, Polish, Kashubian, Lule Sámi, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Sorbian, Tarok, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| N̂ n̂ | N with circumflex | Chiricahua, Accented Latvian, obsolete Luxembourgish spelling, Massa, ISO 9, Old High German, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| Ñ ñ | N with tilde | Aragonese, Asturian, Basque, Breton, Catalan, Galician, Guaraní, Hassaniya, Iñupiat, Accented Latvian, Lithuanian, Ocaina, Quechua, Sanskrit transliteration, Spanish, Tagalog, Wolof |
| Ñ̈ ñ̈ | N with tilde and diaeresis | Ocaina |
| N̄ n̄ | N with macron | Basque (alternative orthography), Kharosthi transliteration, Obolo, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| N̆ n̆ | N with breve | Sinhala transliteration |
| Ṅ ṅ | N with dot above | Emiliano-Romagnolo, Sanskrit transliteration, Venda |
| Ṅ̇ ṅ̇ | N with colon above | Sanskrit transliteration |
| N̈ n̈ | N with diaeresis | Cape Verdan Creole, Jacaltec, Malagasy, Ocaina, Old German, Old Hungarian |
| N̋ n̋ | N with double acute | Eastern Dan, Old Hungarian |
| N̏ n̏ | N with double grave | Eastern Dan |
| Ň ň | N with caron | Czech, Slovak, Tarok, Turkmen, Ithkuil transliteration, Wenzhounese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects. |
| N̐ n̐ | N with chandrabindu | Sanskrit transliteration |
| N̑ n̑ | N with inverted breve | Glagolitic transliteration |
| N̍ n̍ | N with vertical line | Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects. |
| N̓ n̓ | N with comma above | |
| N̕ n̕ | N with comma above right | |
| Ꞥ ꞥ | N with oblique stroke | Pre-1921 Latvian letter |
| ᵰ | N with middle tilde | |
| 𝼧 | N with mid-height left hook | Used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language.198 |
| Ņ ņ | N with cedilla | Latvian |
| Ņ̂ ņ̂ | N with cedilla and circumflex | Accented Latvian |
| Ņ̃ ņ̃ | N with cedilla and tilde | Accented Latvian |
| N̦ n̦ | N with comma below | Old Latgalian, Nenets in the 1930s |
| N̨ n̨ | N with ogonek | Avestan transliteration, Uralic dialectology; Tuvan transliteration (alternate form of N with descender) |
| Ṋ ṋ | N with circumflex below | Venda |
| N̰ n̰ | N with tilde below | |
| Ṉ ṉ | N with line below | Tamil transliteration, Telugu transliteration |
| Ṉ́ ṉ́ | N with line below and acute | Telugu transliteration |
| N̮ n̮ | N with breve below | Romance dialectology |
| Ṇ ṇ | N with dot below | Inari Sami, Sanskrit transliteration, Thaana transliteration, Thai transliteration |
| Ṇ́ ṇ́ | N with acute and dot below | Thaana transliteration |
| Ṇ̄ ṇ̄ | N with macron and dot below | Thaana transliteration |
| Ṇ̄́ ṇ̄́ | N with macron, acute and dot below | Thaana transliteration |
| Ṇ̓ ṇ̓ | N with comma above and dot below | |
| N̤ n̤ | N with diaeresis below | Arabic transliteration, Sindhi transliteration, Tamil transliteration |
| N̥ n̥ | N with ring below | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration, Arabic transliteration |
| Ǹ̥ ǹ̥ | N with ring below and grave | Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ń̥ ń̥ | N with ring below and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ñ̥ ñ̥ | N with ring below and tilde | Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ñ̥́ ñ̥́ | N with ring below and tilde and acute | Sanskrit transliteration |
| N̥̄ n̥̄ | N with ring below and macron | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| N̥̄́ n̥̄́ | N with ring below and macron and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| N̥̄̆ n̥̄̆ | N with ring below and macron and breve | Proto-Indo-European |
| N̥̄̑ n̥̄̑ | N with ring below and macron and inverted breve | Proto-Indo-European |
| Ṅ̥ ṅ̥ | N with ring below and dot above | Sanskrit transliteration |
| N̥̑ n̥̑ | N with ring below and inverted breve | Proto-Indo-European |
| N̥̑́ n̥̑́ | N with ring below and inverted breve and acute | Proto-Indo-European |
| N̥̑̄ n̥̑̄ | N with ring below and inverted breve and macron | Proto-Indo-European |
| N̯ n̯ | N with inverted breve below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| N̩ n̩ | N with vertical line below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| Ǹ̩ ǹ̩ | N with vertical line below and grave | |
| N̩̓ n̩̓ | N with vertical line below and comma above | |
| N̲ n̲ | N with underline | |
| Ɲ ɲ ᶮ | N with left hook | Palatal nasal; Bambara and other African languages |
| Ƞ ƞ | N with long right leg | Lakota |
| Ꞑ ꞑ | N with descender | Jaꞑalif; Tuvan transliteration |
| N̪ n̪ | N with bridge below | Voiced dental nasal |
| Ŋ̀ ŋ̀ | Eng with grave | |
| Ŋ́ ŋ́ | Eng with acute | Avestan transliteration |
| Ŋ̂ ŋ̂ | Eng with circumflex | Old High German |
| Ŋ̄ ŋ̄ | Eng with macron | |
| Ŋ̈ ŋ̈ | Eng with diaeresis | |
| Ŋ̈̇ ŋ̈̇ | Eng with diaeresis and dot above (three dots above) | Book Pahlavi transliteration |
| Ŋ̊ ŋ̊ | Eng with ring above | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| Ŋ̑ ŋ̑ | Eng with inverted breve | Glagolitic transliteration |
| Ŋ̨ ŋ̨ | Eng with ogonek | Uralic dialectology |
| Ŋ̣ ŋ̣ | Eng with dot below | Inari Sami |
| Ŋ̥ ŋ̥ | Eng with ring below | Proto-Indo-European |
| Ŋ̥́ ŋ̥́ | Eng with ring below and acute | Proto-Indo-European |
| Ŋ̥̄ ŋ̥̄ | Eng with ring below and macron | Proto-Indo-European |
| Ŋ̥̄́ ŋ̥̄́ | Eng with ring below and macron and acute | Proto-Indo-European |
| ᶇ | N with palatal hook | |
| ɳ ᶯ | N with retroflex hook | Retroflex nasal |
| ȵ | N with curl | Alevolo-palatal nasal |
| ɴ̇ | Small capital N with dot above | |
| ɴ̣ | Small capital N with dot below | |
| Ò ò | O with grave | Catalan, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Friulian, Italian, Kashubian, Maltese, Norwegian, Obolo, Occitan, Old Sámi orthography, Pinyin transliteration, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Zurich German (some spellings), Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| Ó ó | O with acute | Catalan, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Hungarian, Italian, Kashubian, Lombard, Nateni, Nangam, Ngiemboon, Norwegian, Nzime, Occitan, Polish, Pinyin transliteration, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Portuguese, Scottish Gaelic, Slovak, Accented Slovenian, Spanish, Welsh, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| Ô ô | O with circumflex | Emiliano-Romagnolo, Friulian, French, Jarai, Kashubian, Norwegian, Pinyin, Portuguese, Slovak, Vietnamese, Welsh, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| Ố ố | O with circumflex and acute | Vietnamese |
| Ồ ồ | O with circumflex and grave | Vietnamese |
| Ỗ ỗ | O with circumflex and tilde | Vietnamese |
| Ô̆ ô̆ | O with circumflex and breve | Jarai |
| Ổ ổ | O with circumflex and hook above | Vietnamese |
| Õ õ | O with tilde | Estonian, Frafra Portuguese, Vietnamese, Võro |
| Õ̍ õ̍ | O with tilde and vertical line | |
| Õ̎ õ̎ | O with tilde and double vertical line | |
| Õ̀ õ̀ | O with tilde and grave | |
| Ṍ ṍ | O with tilde and acute | Lao transliteration |
| Õ̂ õ̂ | O with tilde and circumflex | |
| Õ̌ õ̌ | O with tilde and caron | |
| Ṏ ṏ | O with tilde and diaeresis | Tunisian Arabic transliteration |
| Ȭ ȭ | O with tilde and macron | Livonian |
| Ō ō | O with macron | Glagolitic transliteration, Greek transliteration, Latgalian, Latin, Livonian, Māori, Pre-1946 Latvian letter, still sometimes used in some non-standard orthographies, Old Sámi orthography, Proto-Indo-European, Pali transliteration |
| Ṓ ṓ | O with macron and acute | Greek transliteration, Latin, Proto-Indo-European, Pali transliteration |
| Ṑ ṑ | O with macron and grave | Greek transliteration, Latin, Livonian, Proto-Indo-European, Pali transliteration |
| Ō̂ ō̂ | O with macron and circumflex | |
| Ō̃ ō̃ | O with macron and tilde | Proto-Indo-European, Pali transliteration |
| Ō̃́ ō̃́ | O with macron and tilde and acute | Proto-Indo-European |
| Ō̄ ō̄ | O with macron and macron | Kienning Colloquial Romanized transliteration |
| Ō̆ ō̆ | O with macron and breve | Latin |
| Ō̆́ ō̆́ | O with macron, breve and acute | Latin |
| Ō̈ ō̈ | O with macron and diaeresis | Svan transliteration |
| Ō̋ ō̋ | O with macron and double acute | Proto-Slavic |
| Ō̌ ō̌ | O with macron and caron | Indo-Iranian dialectology |
| Ŏ ŏ | O with breve | Foochow Romanized, Jarai, Khmer transliteration, Latin |
| Ŏ̀ ŏ̀ | O with breve and grave | Latin |
| Ŏ́ ŏ́ | O with breve and acute | Latin |
| Ŏ̈ ŏ̈ | O with breve and diaeresis | Khmer transliteration |
| Ȯ ȯ | O with dot above | Livonian, Ulithian |
| Ȯ́ ȯ́ | O with dot above and acute | |
| Ȱ ȱ | O with dot above and macron | Livonian |
| O͘ o͘ | O with dot above right | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| Ó͘ ó͘ | O with dot above right and acute | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| Ò͘ ò͘ | O with dot above right and grave | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| Ō͘ ō͘ | O with dot above right and macron | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| O̍͘ o̍͘ | O with dot above and vertical line | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| Ö ö | O with diaeresis | Azerbaijani, Dutch, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Luxembourgish, North Frisian, Norwegian, Rotuman, Sami, Saterlandic, Slovak, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Welsh; cf. Cyrillic: Ӧ ӧ |
| Ö́ ö́ | O with diaeresis and acute | Middle Low German, Old Hungarian(now spelled Ő ő), Cabécar |
| Ö̀ ö̀ | O with diaeresis and grave | Zurich German (some spellings)199 |
| Ö̂ ö̂ | O with diaeresis and circumflex | Middle Low German |
| Ö̌ ö̌ | O with diaeresis and caron | |
| Ö̃ ö̃ | O with diaeresis and tilde | Old High German |
| Ȫ ȫ | O with diaeresis and macron | Livonian, Middle High German |
| Ȫ̆ ȫ̆ | O with diaeresis and macron and breve | Sogdian transliteration |
| Ö̆ ö̆ | O with diaeresis and breve | Caucasian dialectology |
| Ỏ ỏ | O with hook above | Vietnamese |
| O̊ o̊ | O with ring above | Old High German |
| Ő ő | O with double acute | Hungarian |
| Ǒ ǒ | O with caron | Pinyin transliteration |
| O̍ o̍ | O with vertical line | Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System |
| O̎ o̎ | O with double vertical line | |
| Ȍ ȍ | O with double grave | Croatian, Accented Slovenian |
| O̐ o̐ | O with chandrabindu | |
| Ȏ ȏ | O with inverted breve | Croatian, Accented Slovenian |
| O̒ o̒ | O with turned comma above | |
| Oʻ oʻ | O with turned comma above right | Uzbek |
| O̓ o̓ | O with comma above | Greek transliteration |
| O̞ o̞ | O with down tack below | Mid back rounded vowel |
| Ø ø 𐞢 | O with stroke | Close-mid front rounded vowel; Danish, Faroese, Mazahua,200 Norwegian; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter201 |
| Ø̀ ø̀ | O with stroke and grave | |
| Ǿ ǿ | O with stroke and acute | Danish |
| Ø̂ ø̂ | O with stroke and circumflex | |
| Ø̃ ø̃ | O with stroke and tilde | |
| Ø̄ ø̄ | O with stroke and macron | |
| Ø̄́ ø̄́ | O with stroke, macron, and acute | |
| Ø̄̆ ø̄̆ | O with stroke, macron, and breve | |
| Ø̆ ø̆ | O with stroke and breve | |
| Ø̇ ø̇ | O with stroke and dot above | |
| Ø̇́ ø̇́ | O with stroke, dot above, and acute | |
| Ø̈ ø̈ | O with stroke and diaeresis | |
| Ø̋ ø̋ | O with stroke and double acute | |
| Ø̌ ø̌ | O with stroke and caron | |
| Ø᷎ ø᷎ | O with stroke and ogonek above | |
| Ø̨ ø̨ | O with stroke and ogonek | |
| Ǿ̨ ǿ̨ | O with stroke, ogonek, and acute | |
| Ø̨̄ ø̨̄ | O with stroke, ogonek, and macron | |
| Ø̣ ø̣ | O with stroke and dot below | |
| Ø̥ ø̥ | O with stroke and ring below | |
| Ø̰ ø̰ | O with stroke and tilde below | |
| Ǿ̰ ǿ̰ | O with stroke, tilde below and acute | |
| ظø¸ | O with stroke and cedilla | |
| Ǿ¸ǿ¸ | O with stroke, cedilla and acute | |
| Ø̞ ø̞ | O with stroke and down tack below | Mid front rounded vowel |
| Ɵ ɵ ᶱ | O with bar (= Barred O) | Close-mid central rounded vowel. Yanalif. cf. Cyrillic: Ө ө. |
| Ơ ơ | O with horn | Jarai, Vietnamese |
| Ớ ớ | O with horn and acute | Vietnamese |
| Ờ ờ | O with horn and grave | Vietnamese |
| Ỡ ỡ | O with horn and tilde | Vietnamese |
| Ơ̆ ơ̆ | O with horn and breve | Jarai |
| Ở ở | O with horn and hook above | Vietnamese |
| O᷎ o᷎ | O with ogonek above | |
| Ó᷎ ó᷎ | O with ogonek above and acute | |
| 𝼛 | O with retroflex hook | Used in phonetic transcription of the Australian Aboriginal language Iwaidja202203 |
| O̧ o̧ | O with cedilla | |
| Ó̧ ó̧ | O with acute and cedilla | |
| Ò̧ ò̧ | O with grave and cedilla | |
| Ô̧ ô̧ | O with circumflex and cedilla | |
| Ǒ̧ ǒ̧ | O with caron and cedilla | |
| Ǫ ǫ | O with ogonek | Cayuga, Creek, Navajo, Gwich’in, Dogrib, Romance linguistics, Old Norse, Old Sámi orthography, Proto-Slavic |
| Ǫ̀ ǫ̀ | O with grave and ogonek | Tlicho |
| Ǫ́ ǫ́ | O with acute and ogonek | Navajo, Old Icelandic, Old Norse, Romance Dialectology, Slavic dialectology |
| Ǫ̂ ǫ̂ | O with circumflex and ogonek | Middle Low German |
| Ǫ̃ ǫ̃ | O with tilde and ogonek | Germanic dialectology, Romance Dialectology, Proto-Slavic |
| Ǭ ǭ | O with macron and ogonek | Germanic dialectology, Romance Dialectology, Old Sámi orthography, Proto-Germanic, Slavic dialectology |
| Ǭ̀ ǭ̀ | O with macron, grave and ogonek | Romance dialectology |
| Ǭ́ ǭ́ | O with macron, acute and ogonek | Romance Dialectology, Slavic dialectology |
| Ǭ̂ ǭ̂ | O with macron, circumflex and ogonek | |
| Ǭ̃ ǭ̃ | O with macron, tilde and ogonek | Romance Dialectology |
| Ǭ̆ ǭ̆ | O with macron, breve and ogonek | North Germanic Dialectology |
| Ǭ̌ ǭ̌ | O with macron, caron and ogonek | |
| Ǫ̆ ǫ̆ | O with breve and ogonek | Romance Dialectology, Slavic dialectology |
| Ǫ̆́ ǫ̆́ | O with breve, acute and ogonek | Romance Dialectology |
| Ǫ̇ ǫ̇ | O with dot above and ogonek | |
| Ǫ̇́ ǫ̇́ | O with dot above, acute and ogonek | |
| Ǫ̈ ǫ̈ | O with diaeresis and ogonek | Germanic dialectology, Rheinische Dokumenta |
| Ǫ̈̀ ǫ̈̀ | O with diaeresis, grave and ogonek | |
| Ǫ̈́ ǫ̈́ | O with diaeresis, acute and ogonek | |
| Ǫ̈̂ ǫ̈̂ | O with diaeresis, circumflex and ogonek | |
| Ǫ̈̃ ǫ̈̃ | O with diaeresis, tilde and ogonek | Germanic dialectology |
| Ǫ̈̄ ǫ̈̄ | O with diaeresis, macron and ogonek | Germanic dialectology |
| Ǫ̈̌ ǫ̈̌ | O with diaeresis, caron and ogonek | |
| Ǫ̋ ǫ̋ | O with double acute and ogonek | |
| Ǫ̌ ǫ̌ | O with caron and ogonek | |
| Ǫ̑ ǫ̑ | O with inverted breve and ogonek | Glagolitic transliteration |
| Ǫ̣ ǫ̣ | O with ogonek and dot below | |
| Ǫ̱ ǫ̱ | O with ogonek and line below | |
| Ǫ̱́ ǫ̱́ | O with ogonek, line below and acute | |
| Ǫ̱̀ ǫ̱̀ | O with ogonek, line below and grave | |
| Ǫ᷎ ǫ᷎ | O with ogonek above and ogonek | |
| O̭ o̭ | O with circumflex below | |
| O̰ o̰ | O with tilde below | |
| Ó̰ ó̰ | O with tilde below and acute | |
| O̱ o̱ | O with line below | Germanic dialectology |
| Ò̱ ò̱ | O with grave and line below | |
| Ó̱ ó̱ | O with acute and line below | |
| Ô̱ ô̱ | O with circumflex and line below | |
| Ǒ̱ ǒ̱ | O with caron and line below | |
| Õ̱ õ̱ | O with tilde and line below | |
| Ō̱ ō̱ | O with macron and line below | |
| Ṓ̱ ṓ̱ | O with macron, acute and line below | |
| Ṑ̱ ṑ̱ | O with macron, grave and line below | |
| Ō̱̂ ō̱̂ | O with macron, circumflex and line below | |
| Ö̱ ö̱ | O with diaeresis and line below | Estonian Swedish, Germanic dialectology, Seneca |
| Ö̱́ ö̱́ | O with diaeresis, acute and line below | |
| Ö̱̀ ö̱̀ | O with diaeresis, grave and line below | |
| Ö̱̂ ö̱̂ | O with diaeresis, circumflex and line below | |
| Ö̱̌ ö̱̌ | O with diaeresis, caron and line below | |
| O̮ o̮ | O with breve below | Uralic dialectology |
| Ọ ọ | O with dot below | Igbo, Obolo, Okpela, Samogitian dialectology, Greek dialectology, Accented Slovenian, Vietnamese, Yoruba |
| Ọ̀ ọ̀ | O with grave and dot below | Greek dialectology |
| Ọ́ ọ́ | O with acute and dot below | Greek dialectology, Accented Slovenian |
| Ộ ộ | O with circumflex and dot below | Vietnamese |
| Ọ̃ ọ̃ | O with tilde and dot below | Samogitian dialectology |
| Ọ̄ ọ̄ | O with macron and dot below | Greek dialectology, Proto-East Baltic |
| Ọ̄̀ ọ̄̀ | O with macron, grave and dot below | Greek dialectology |
| Ọ̄́ ọ̄́ | O with macron, acute and dot below | Greek dialectology, Proto-East Baltic |
| Ọ̄̃ ọ̄̃ | O with macron, tilde and dot below | Proto-East Baltic |
| Ọ̄̆ ọ̄̆ | O with macron, breve and dot below | Greek dialectology |
| Ọ̆ ọ̆ | O with breve and dot below | Romance dialectology |
| Ọ̈ ọ̈ | O with diaeresis and dot below | Greek dialectology, Middle Low German |
| Ọ̈̀ ọ̈̀ | O with diaeresis, grave and dot below | |
| Ọ̈́ ọ̈́ | O with diaeresis, acute and dot below | |
| Ọ̈̂ ọ̈̂ | O with diaeresis, circumflex and dot below | |
| Ọ̈̄ ọ̈̄ | O with diaeresis, macron and dot below | Greek dialectology |
| Ọ̈̌ ọ̈̌ | O with diaeresis, caron and dot below | |
| Ọ̌ ọ̌ | O with caron and dot below | |
| Ọ̑ ọ̑ | O with inverted breve and dot below | Accented Slovenian |
| Ợ ợ | O with horn and dot below | Vietnamese |
| Ọ ọ | O with vertical line and dot below | |
| O̤ o̤ | O with diaeresis below | Uighur transliteration, Pu-Xian Min |
| Ò̤ ò̤ | O with diaeresis below and grave | |
| Ó̤ ó̤ | O with diaeresis below and acute | |
| Ô̤ ô̤ | O with diaeresis below and circumflex | |
| Ö̤ ö̤ | O with diaeresis below and diaeresis | |
| O̥ o̥ | O with ring below | Arabic transliteration, Japanese dialectology |
| Ō̥ ō̥ | O with ring below and macron | Japanese dialectology |
| O̬ o̬ | O with caron below | Ossetian transliteration |
| O̯ o̯ | O with inverted breve below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| O̩ o̩ | O with vertical line below | |
| Õ͔ õ͔ | O with left arrowhead below and tilde | Uralic dialectology |
| Ō͔ ō͔ | O with left arrowhead below and macron | Uralic dialectology |
| O̜ o̜ | O with left half ring below | |
| O̹ o̹ | O with right half ring below | |
| Ó̹ ó̹ | O with right half ring below and acute | |
| O̲ o̲ | O with underline | |
| ᴓ | Sideways O with stroke | UPA |
| ᶗ | Open O with retroflex hook | |
| Ꝍ ꝍ | O with loop | Medieval Nordic vowel /ǫ/, /øː/, and /ey/204 |
| ⱺ | O with low ring inside | Swedish Dialect Alphabet |
| Ꝋ ꝋ | O with long stroke overlay | Medieval abbreviation.205 |
| Ɔ́ ɔ́ | Open O with acute | Nomaande, Nzime |
| Ɔ̀ ɔ̀ | Open O with grave | |
| Ɔ̂ ɔ̂ | Open O with circumflex | |
| Ɔ̌ ɔ̌ | Open O with caron | |
| Ɔ̃ ɔ̃ | Open O with tilde | |
| Ɔ̃́ ɔ̃́ | Open O with tilde and acute | |
| Ɔ̃̀ ɔ̃̀ | Open O with tilde and grave | |
| Ɔ̃̂ ɔ̃̂ | Open O with tilde and circumflex | |
| Ɔ̃̌ ɔ̃̌ | Open O with tilde and caron | |
| Ɔ̃̍ ɔ̃̍ | Open O with tilde and vertical line | |
| Ɔ̄ ɔ̄ | Open O with macron | |
| Ɔ̆ ɔ̆ | Open O with breve | |
| Ɔ̈ ɔ̈ | Open O with diaeresis | |
| Ɔ̌ ɔ̌ | Open O with caron | |
| Ɔ̍ ɔ̍ | Open O with vertical line | |
| Ɔ̣ ɔ̣ | Open O with dot below | George Herzog's Jabo transcription |
| Ɔ̱ ɔ̱ | Open O with line below | Nuer |
| Ɔ̧ ɔ̧ | Open O with cedilla | Kako, Karang, Maka, Mundani, Pana |
| Ɔ̧̀ ɔ̧̀ | Open O with grave and cedilla | Mundani |
| Ɔ̧́ ɔ̧́ | Open O with acute and cedilla | Karang, Maka, Pana |
| Ɔ̧̂ ɔ̧̂ | Open O with circumflex and cedilla | Mundani, Pana |
| Ɔ̧̌ ɔ̧̌ | Open O with caron and cedilla | Mundani |
| Ɔ̨ ɔ̨ | Open O with ogonek | Formerly sometimes used in IPA for nasalized ɔ, also in some Guinea Kpelle works |
| Ɔ̨́ ɔ̨́ | Open O with ogonek and acute | In some Guinea Kpelle works |
| Ɔ̰ ɔ̰ | Open O with tilde below | Mbelime, Nateni |
| Ɔ̰̀ ɔ̰̀ | Open O with tilde below and grave | Mbelime |
| Ɔ̰́ ɔ̰́ | Open O with tilde below and acute | Mbelime, Nateni |
| Ɔ̰̄ ɔ̰̄ | Open O with tilde below and macron | Nateni |
| P̀ p̀ | P with grave | ISO 9 |
| Ṕ ṕ | P with acute | Võro; Previously used in Sorbian, Old Hungarian |
| P̃ p̃ | P with tilde | South Efate, Yanesha, Old English abbreviation, Latin abbreviation |
| P̄ p̄ | P with macron | Bislama, Kharosthi Transliteration, Hebrew romanization, Thai transliteration |
| P̆ p̆ | P with breve | Uralic Dialectology, Laz |
| Ṗ ṗ | P with dot above | Irish (old orthography) |
| P̈ p̈ | P with diaeresis | Manichaean transliteration, Araki |
| P̋ p̋ | P with double acute | Old Norse |
| P̑ p̑ | P with inverted breve | Slavic Dialectology |
| P̓ p̓ | P with comma above | |
| P̕ p̕ | P with comma above right | |
| P̔ p̔ | P with reversed comma above | |
| P͑ p͑ | P with left half ring above | |
| P̱ p̱ | P with line below | Hebrew romanization, Old Persian |
| P̣ p̣ | P with dot below | Georgian transliteration, Thai transliteration |
| P̤ p̤ | P with diaeresis below | |
| P̬ p̬ | P with caron below | IPA |
| P̪ p̪ | P with bridge below | Voiceless labiodental plosive |
| Ᵽ ᵽ | P with stroke | Tanimuca-Retuarã |
| Ꝑ ꝑ | P with stroke through descender | Medieval abbreviations206 |
| ᵱ | P with middle tilde | |
| ᶈ | P with palatal hook | |
| Ƥ ƥ | P with hook | Obsolete symbol for voiceless bilabial implosive, Serer |
| Ꝓ ꝓ | P with flourish | Medieval abbreviations207 |
| Ꝕ ꝕ | P with squirrel tail | Medieval abbreviations208 |
| ᴘ̇ | Small capital P with dot above | |
| Q́ q́ | Q with acute | Tsimané, Old Hungarian, Latin abbreviation |
| Q̃ q̃ | Q with tilde | abbreviation |
| Q̄ q̄ | Q with macron | Latin abbreviation |
| Q̇ q̇ | Q with dot above | Manichean transliteration, Old Uighur transliteration |
| Q̈ q̈ | Q with diaeresis | Manichean transliteration, Old Uighur transliteration |
| Q̋ q̋ | Q with double acute | Old Uighur transliteration (one method) |
| Q̓ q̓ | Q with comma above | |
| Q̕ q̕ | Q with comma above right | |
| Q̧ q̧ | Q with cedilla | Caucasian dialectology |
| Q̣ q̣ | Q with dot below | Georgian transliteration, Old Uighur transliteration |
| Q̣̇ q̣̇ | Q with dot below and dot above | Old Uighur transliteration |
| Q̣̈ q̣̈ | Q with dot below and diaeresis | Old Uighur transliteration |
| Q̱ q̱ | Q with line below | |
| Ꝗ ꝗ | Q with stroke through descender | Medieval abbreviations209 |
| Ꝗ̃ ꝗ̃ | Q with stroke through descender and tilde | |
| Ꝙ ꝙ | Q with diagonal stroke | Medieval abbreviations210 |
| ʠ | Q with hook | Obsolete symbol for voiceless uvular implosive |
| Ɋ ɋ | Q with hook tail | Numanggang |
| R̀ r̀ | R with grave | Croatian, Wenzhounese Romanization System |
| Ŕ ŕ | R with acute | Croatian, Lower Sorbian, Slovak, Accented Slovenian, Wenzhounese Romanization System |
| R̂ r̂ | R with circumflex | Ajië, Accented Latvian |
| R̃ r̃ | R with tilde | Lithuanian, Accented Latvian, Karai-karai |
| R̄ r̄ | R with macron | Armenian transliteration, Basque (alternative orthography), Wenzhounese Romanization System |
| R̆ r̆ | R with breve | Nepali transliteration, Ithkuil transliteration |
| Ṙ ṙ | R with dot above | Urdu transliteration |
| R̋ r̋ | R with double acute | |
| Ř ř | R with caron | Czech, Upper Sorbian, Wenzhounese Romanization System |
| R̍ r̍ | R with vertical line | |
| Ȑ ȑ | R with double grave | Croatian, Accented Slovenian |
| Ȓ ȓ | R with inverted breve | Croatian, Accented Slovenian |
| R̓ r̓ | R with comma above | |
| R̕ r̕ | R with comma above right | |
| Ŗ ŗ | R with cedilla | Pre-1946 Latvian letter, still sometimes used in some non-standard orthographies |
| R̦ r̦ | R with comma below | Latgalian |
| R̨ r̨ | R with ogonek | Dravidian Dialectology |
| R̨̄ r̨̄ | R with ogonek and macron | Dravidian dialectology |
| Ꞧ ꞧ | R with oblique stroke | Pre-1921 Latvian letter |
| R̭ r̭ | R with circumflex below | Old Persian Transliteration |
| Ṟ ṟ | R with line below | Pitjantjatjara, Pashto transliteration, Tamil transliteration |
| Ṛ ṛ | R with dot below | Afro-Asiatic transliteration, Inari Sami, Ndogo, Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ṛ̀ ṛ̀ | R with dot below and grave | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ṛ́ ṛ́ | R with dot below and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ṝ ṝ | R with dot below and macron | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ṝ́ ṝ́ | R with dot below, macron and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ṝ̃ ṝ̃ | R with dot below, macron and tilde | Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ṝ̆ ṝ̆ | R with dot below, macron and breve | Proto-Indo-European |
| R̤ r̤ | R with diaeresis below | Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, and Malayalam transliteration |
| R̥ r̥ | R with ring below | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| R̥̀ r̥̀ | R with ring below and grave | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ŕ̥ ŕ̥ | R with ring below and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| R̥̂ r̥̂ | R with ring below and circumflex | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| R̥̃ r̥̃ | R with ring below and tilde | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| R̥̄ r̥̄ | R with ring below and macron | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| R̥̄́ r̥̄́ | R with ring below and macron and acute | Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit transliteration |
| R̥̄̆ r̥̄̆ | R with ring below, macron and breve | Proto-Indo-European |
| Ř̥ ř̥ | R with ring below and caron | Sanskrit transliteration |
| R̬ r̬ | R with caron below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| R̩ r̩ | R with vertical line below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| R̯ r̯ | R with inverted breve below | Dravidian Dialectology |
| Ɍ ɍ | R with stroke | Kanuri; Gabon Languages Scientific Alphabet [fr] |
| ᵲ | R with middle tilde | |
| ꭨ | Turned r with middle tilde | Used in linguistic transcriptions of Scots211 |
| 𝼨 | R with mid-height left hook | Used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language.212 |
| ɺ 𐞦 | Turned r with long leg | Alveolar lateral flap; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter213 |
| 𝼈 𐞧 | Turned r with long leg and retroflex hook | Expected IPA symbol for voiced retroflex lateral flap;214215 Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter216 |
| ᶉ | R with palatal hook | |
| ɻ ʵ | Turned r with hook | Retroflex approximant |
| 𝼕 | Turned r with palatal hook | Used in phonetic transcription217218 |
| ⱹ | Turned r with tail | Swedish Dialect Alphabet |
| ɼ | R with long leg | Former IPA letter; |
| Ɽ ɽ 𐞨 | R with tail | Retroflex flap; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter219 |
| ɾ 𐞩 | R with fishhook | Alveolar flap; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter220 |
| ᵳ | R with fishhook and middle tilde | |
| 𝼖 | R with fishhook and palatal hook | Used in phonetic transcription221222 |
| ɿ | Reversed R with fishhook | IPA: [z̩] |
| ʀ̇ | Small capital R with dot above | |
| ʀ̣ | Small capital R with dot below | |
| Ꝛ́ ꝛ́ | R rotunda with acute | |
| Ꝛ̣ ꝛ̣ | R rotunda with dot below | |
| S̀ s̀ | S with grave | Ugaritic transliteration, Wenzhounese Romanization System |
| Ś ś | S with acute | Polish, Sanskrit transliteration |
| Ś̀ ś̀ | S with acute and grave | Semitic transliteration |
| Ś ś | S with acute and comma above right | |
| Ṥ ṥ | S with acute and dot above | ISO 259 Hebrew romanization |
| Ŝ ŝ | S with circumflex | Esperanto |
| S̃ s̃ | S with tilde | Middle Low German, Latin abbreviation, Medieval Basque |
| S̄ s̄ | S with macron | Basque (alternative orthography), Kharosthi transliteration, Thai transliteration |
| S̄̒ s̄̒ | S with macron and turned comma above | |
| S̆ s̆ | S with breve | |
| Ṡ ṡ | S with dot above | Irish (old orthography), Emiliano-Romagnolo, Medieval Basque |
| Ṡ̃ ṡ̃ | S with dot above and tilde | Latin abbreviation |
| S̈ s̈ | S with diaeresis | Seneca, Old Czech, Middle Low German223 |
| S̋ s̋ | S with double acute | Hebrew transliteration (East European languages) |
| Š š | S with caron | Arabic, Syriac, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Slovenian, Sorbian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian, Bosnian, Ithkuil transliteration |
| Š̀ š̀ | S with caron and grave | Semitic transliteration |
| Š́ š́ | S with caron and acute | Avestan transliteration |
| Ṧ ṧ | S with caron and dot above | ISO 259 Hebrew romanization |
| Š̓ š̓ | S with caron and comma above | |
| S̑ s̑ | S with inverted breve | |
| S̒ s̒ | S with turned comma above | |
| S̓ s̓ | S with comma above | |
| S̕ s̕ | S with comma above right | |
| Ş ş | S with cedilla | Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Chechen, Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, Karai-karai, Kazakh, Kurdish, Turkish and Turkmen, and in the Roman alphabets of Tatar |
| Ș ș | S with comma below | Romanian, cf. comma-below versus cedilla |
| S̨ s̨ | S with ogonek | Moroccan Arabic transliteration, Romance dialectology |
| Š̨ š̨ | S with ogonek and caron | Avestan transliteration |
| Ꞩ ꞩ | S with oblique stroke | Pre-1921 Latvian letter; pre-1950 Lower Sorbian letter |
| S̱ s̱ | S with line below | Middle Persian transliteration, Kharosthi transliteration |
| Ś̱ ś̱ | S with line below and acute | Kharosthi transliteration |
| S̮ s̮ | S with breve below | Romance Dialectology |
| Ṣ ṣ | S with dot below | O'odham, Yoruba, Arabic transliteration, Hebrew romanization, Sanskrit transliteration, Kharosthi transliteration, Afro-Asiatic transliteration, Indic transliteration |
| Ṣ́ ṣ́ | S with dot below and acute | Gəˁəz transliteration |
| Ṣ̄ ṣ̄ | S with dot below and macron | Kharosthi transliteration, Thai transliteration |
| Ṩ ṩ | S with dot below and dot above | Thaana transliteration, ISO 259 Hebrew romanization |
| Ṣ̌ ṣ̌ | S with dot below and caron | Avestan transliteration, Pashto transliteration, Berber languages, Wakhi |
| Ṣ̕ ṣ̕ | S with dot below and comma above right | |
| Ṣ̱ ṣ̱ | S with dot below and line below | Kharosthi transliteration |
| S̤ s̤ | S with diaeresis below | Extended Devanagari transliteration |
| Š̤ š̤ | S with diaeresis below and caron | Manichaean transliteration |
| S̥ s̥ | S with ring below | Greek dialectology |
| Ś̥ ś̥ | S with ring below and acute | Carian transliteration |
| S̬ s̬ | S with caron below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| S̩ s̩ | S with vertical line below | |
| S̪ s̪ | S with bridge below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| ꜱ̇ | Small capital S with dot above | |
| ꜱ̣ | Small capital S with dot below | |
| ſ́ | Long s with acute | |
| ẛ | Long s with dot above | Irish orthography |
| ſ̣ | Long s with dot below | |
| ᵴ | S with middle tilde | |
| 𝼩 | S with mid-height left hook | Used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language.224 |
| ᶊ | S with palatal hook | |
| ʂ ᶳ | Small S with hook | Voiceless retroflex fricative |
| Ʂ | Capital S with hook | Mandarin Chinese using the early draft version of pinyin romanization during the mid-1950s225 |
| Ȿ ȿ | S with swash tail | Shona226 |
| 𝼞 𐞺 | S with curl | Para-IPA version of the IPA fricative ɕ227 |
| ẜ | Long S with diagonal stroke | Pre-1921 Latvian letter; pre-1950 Lower Sorbian letter |
| ẝ | Long S with high stroke | |
| ᶋ | Esh with palatal hook | |
| ᶘ | Esh with retroflex hook | |
| ʆ | Esh with curl | |
| 𝼋 | Esh with double bar | Used by Douglas Beach for a nasal click in his phonetic description of Khoekhoe228229 |
| 𝼌 | Esh with double bar and curl | Used by Douglas Beach for a nasal click in his phonetic description of Khoekhoe230231 |
| T̀ t̀ | T with grave | Egyptian transliteration, Old Church Slavonic Transliteration |
| T́ t́ | T with acute | Egyptian transliteration, Kharosthi transliteration |
| T̃ t̃ | T with tilde | Latin abbreviation |
| T̄ t̄ | T with macron | Basque (alternative orthography), ISO 9 |
| T̆ t̆ | T with breve | Uralic dialectology |
| T̆̀ t̆̀ | T with breve and grave | |
| Ṫ ṫ | T with dot above | Irish (old orthography) |
| T̈ ẗ | T with diaeresis | Arabic transliteration |
| Ť ť | T with caron | Czech, Slovak |
| T̑ t̑ | T with inverted breve | Slavic dialectology |
| T̓ t̓ | T with comma above | |
| T̕ t̕ | T with comma above right | |
| T̔ t̔ | T with reversed comma above | |
| T͑ t͑ | T with left half ring above | |
| Ţ ţ | T with cedilla | Gagauz, Semitic transliteration, Ithkuil transliteration |
| Ț ț | T with comma below | Romanian |
| T̨ t̨ | T with ogonek | Old Norse, Avestan transliteration |
| T̗ t̗ | T with acute below | Berber |
| Ṱ ṱ | T with circumflex below | Venda, Egyptian hiergolyphic transliteration |
| T̰ t̰ | T with tilde below | Avestan transliteration |
| Ṯ ṯ | T with line below | Pashto transliteration, Arabic transliteration, Middle Persian transliteration, Thai transliteration |
| T̮ t̮ | T with breve below | Romance dialectology |
| Ṭ ṭ | T with dot below | Arabic and Syriac transliteration, Sanskrit Transliteration, Kharosthi transliteration, Indic transliteration; used for the emphatic T sound heard in Afro-Asiatic languages, Thai transliteration |
| Ṭ́ ṭ́ | T with dot below and acute | Kharosthi transliteration |
| T̤ t̤ | T with diaeresis below | |
| T̥ t̥ | T with ring below | Carian transliteration |
| T̬ t̬ | T with caron below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| T̯ t̯ | T with inverted breve below | Dravidian Dialectology |
| T̪ t̪ | T with bridge below | IPA and other phonetic alphabets |
| ƾ | Inverted glottal stop with stroke | Previously in IPA |
| 𝼎 | Inverted glottal stop with curl | Used by Douglas Beach for a nasal click in his phonetic description of Khoekhoe232233 |
| Ŧ ŧ | T with stroke | Northern Sámi and Ume Sámi, Saanich, Ithkuil transliteration |
| Ⱦ ⱦ | T with diagonal stroke | Saanich |
| ᵵ | T with middle tilde | |
| 𝼪 | T with mid-height left hook | Used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language.234 |
| ƫ ᶵ | T with palatal hook | Previously in IPA |
| Ƭ ƭ | T with hook | Obsolete symbol for voiceless alveolar implosive, Serer |
| Ʈ ʈ 𐞯 | T with retroflex hook | Voiceless retroflex plosive; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter235 |
| 𝼉 | T with hook and retroflex hook | Symbol for voiceless retroflex implosive236237 |
| ȶ | T with curl | Voiceless alveolo-palatal stop |
| ᴛ̇ | Small capital T with dot above | |
| ᴛ̣ | Small capital T with dot below | |
| Ù ù | U with grave | Emiliano-Romagnolo, Friulian, French, Italian, Maltese, Ndogo, Noni, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Zurich German (some spellings) |
| Ú ú | U with acute | Afrikaans, Catalan, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Irish, Nateni, Ngiemboon, Nkonya, Nomaande, Occitan, Portuguese, Sisaala, Slovak, Accented Slovenian, Spanish, Welsh |
| Û û | U with circumflex | Afrikaans, Dutch, Emiliano-Romagnolo, French, Friulian, Kurdish, Ndogo, Turkish, Welsh |
| Ũ ũ | U with tilde | Carian transliteration, Lao transliteration, Mirandese, Nande, Vietnamese |
| Ũ̀ ũ̀ | U with tilde and grave | Carian transliteration |
| Ṹ ṹ | U with tilde and acute | Carian transliteration, Lao transliteration |
| Ũ̂ ũ̂ | U with tilde and circumflex | |
| Ũ̊ ũ̊ | U with tilde and ring above | Iranian dialectology |
| Ũ̌ ũ̌ | U with tilde and caron | |
| Ũ̍ ũ̍ | U with tilde and vertical line | |
| Ũ̎ ũ̎ | U with tilde and double vertical line | |
| Ū ū | U with macron | Arabic transliteration, Old Sámi orthography, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Livonian, Māori, Sanskrit and Pali transliteration, Shughni, Syriac transliteration cf. Cyrillic: Ӯ ӯ |
| Ū̀ ū̀ | U with macron and grave | Livonian, Sanskrit and Pali Transliteration |
| Ū́ ū́ | U with macron and acute | Latin, Accented Lithuanian, Sanskrit and Pali Transliteration |
| Ū̂ ū̂ | U with macron and circumflex | |
| Ū̌ ū̌ | U with macron and caron | |
| Ū̃ ū̃ | U with macron and tilde | Sanskrit and Pali Transliteration |
| Ū̄ ū̄ | U with macron and macron | Kienning Colloquial Romanized transliteration |
| Ū̆ ū̆ | U with macron and breve | |
| Ū̆́ ū̆́ | U with macron, breve and acute | |
| Ṻ ṻ | U with macron and diaeresis | Tunisian Arabic transliteration |
| Ū̊ ū̊ | U with macron and ring above | Shughni |
| Ŭ ŭ | U with breve | cf. Cyrillic: Ў ў, Belarusian, Esperanto, Jarai, Latin; previously used in Romanian |
| Ŭ̀ ŭ̀ | U with breve and grave | Latin |
| Ŭ́ ŭ́ | U with breve and acute | Latin, Yaghnobi |
| U̇ u̇ | U with dot above | Old Hungarian |
| U̇́ u̇́ | U with dot above and acute | |
| U̇̄ u̇̄ | U with dot above and macron | Old Hungarian |
| Ü ü | U with diaeresis | Azerbaijani, Catalan, Dutch, Estonian, Frisian, German, Hungarian, Luxembourgish, Norwegian, Rotuman, Slovak, Spanish, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Welsh, Hanyu Pinyin; cf. Cyrillic: Ӱ ӱ |
| Ǜ ǜ | U with diaeresis and grave | Fourth tone for yu in Hanyu Pinyin, Zurich German (some spellings)238 |
| Ǘ ǘ | U with diaeresis and acute | Second tone for yu in Hanyu Pinyin |
| Ü̂ ü̂ | U with diaeresis and circumflex | Middle Low German |
| Ü̃ ü̃ | U with diaeresis and tilde | Old High German |
| Ǖ ǖ | U with diaeresis and macron | First tone for yu in Hanyu Pinyin |
| Ǖ̆ ǖ̆ | U with diaeresis, macron and breve | Sogdian transliteration |
| Ü̆ ü̆ | U with diaeresis and breve | Caucasian dialectology |
| Ǚ ǚ | U with diaeresis and caron | Third tone for yu in Hanyu Pinyin |
| Ủ ủ | U with hook above | Vietnamese |
| Ů ů | U with ring above | Czech, Old Lithuanian, Shughni |
| Ů́ ů́ | U with ring above and acute | Old Lithuanian |
| Ů̃ ů̃ | U with ring above and tilde | Old Lithuanian |
| Ű ű | U with double acute | cf. Cyrillic: Ӳ ӳ, Hungarian |
| Ǔ ǔ | U with caron | Pinyin |
| U̍ u̍ | U with vertical line | Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System and other transliterations of Chinese dialects |
| U̎ u̎ | U with double vertical line | |
| Ȕ ȕ | U with double grave | Croatian, Accented Slovenian |
| Ȗ ȗ | U with inverted breve | Croatian, Accented Slovenian |
| U̓ u̓ | U with comma above | |
| U᷎ u᷎ | U with ogonek above | |
| Ư ư | U with horn | Jarai, Vietnamese |
| Ứ ứ | U with horn and acute | Vietnamese |
| Ừ ừ | U with horn and grave | Vietnamese |
| Ữ ữ | U with horn and tilde | Vietnamese |
| Ư̆ ư̆ | U with horn and breve | Jarai |
| Ử ử | U with horn and hook above | Vietnamese |
| Ự ự | U with horn and dot below | Vietnamese |
| U̧ u̧ | U with cedilla | |
| Ú̧ ú̧ | U with acute and cedilla | |
| Ù̧ ù̧ | U with grave and cedilla | |
| Û̧ û̧ | U with circumflex and cedilla | |
| Ǔ̧ ǔ̧ | U with caron and cedilla | |
| Ų ų | U with ogonek | Proto-Germanic, Lithuanian |
| Ų̀ ų̀ | U with ogonek and grave | |
| Ų́ ų́ | U with ogonek and acute | Accented Lithuanian |
| Ų̂ ų̂ | U with ogonek and circumflex | |
| Ų̃ ų̃ | U with ogonek and tilde | Accented Lithuanian |
| Ų̄ ų̄ | U with ogonek and macron | Proto-Germanic |
| Ų̄́ ų̄́ | U with ogonek, macron and acute | |
| Ų̄̀ ų̄̀ | U with ogonek, macron and grave | |
| Ų̄̂ ų̄̂ | U with ogonek, macron and circumflex | |
| Ų̄̆ ų̄̆ | U with ogonek, macron and breve | North Germanic Dialectology |
| Ų̄̌ ų̄̌ | U with ogonek, macron and caron | |
| Ų̆ ų̆ | U with ogonek and breve | Germanic Dialectology |
| Ų̈ ų̈ | U with ogonek and diaeresis | |
| Ų̈́ ų̈́ | U with ogonek, diaeresis and acute | |
| Ų̈̀ ų̈̀ | U with ogonek, diaeresis and grave | |
| Ų̈̂ ų̈̂ | U with ogonek, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Ų̈̌ ų̈̌ | U with ogonek, diaeresis and caron | |
| Ų̈̄ ų̈̄ | U with ogonek, diaeresis and macron | |
| Ų̌ ų̌ | U with ogonek and caron | |
| Ų̋ ų̋ | U with ogonek and double acute | |
| Ų̱ ų̱ | U with ogonek and line below | |
| Ų̱́ ų̱́ | U with ogonek, line below and acute | |
| Ų̱̀ ų̱̀ | U with ogonek, line below and grave | |
| Ṷ ṷ | U with circumflex below | IPA and other phonetic systems, Semitic transliteration |
| Ṵ ṵ | U with tilde below | IPA and other phonetic systems, Semitic transliteration |
| Ṵ̀ ṵ̀ | U with tilde below and grave | |
| Ṵ́ ṵ́ | U with tilde below and acute | |
| Ṵ̄ ṵ̄ | U with tilde below and macron | |
| Ṵ̈ ṵ̈ | U with tilde below and diaeresis | |
| U̱ u̱ | U with line below | Germanic dialectology, Aguaruna |
| Ù̱ ù̱ | U with line below and grave | |
| Ú̱ ú̱ | U with line below and acute | |
| Û̱ û̱ | U with line below and circumflex | |
| Ũ̱ ũ̱ | U with line below and tilde | |
| Ū̱ ū̱ | U with line below and macron | |
| Ū̱́ ū̱́ | U with line below, macron and acute | |
| Ū̱̀ ū̱̀ | U with line below, macron and grave | |
| Ū̱̂ ū̱̂ | U with line below, macron and circumflex | |
| Ü̱ ü̱ | U with line below and diaeresis | Germanic dialectology |
| Ǘ̱ ǘ̱ | U with line below, diaeresis and acute | |
| Ǜ̱ ǜ̱ | U with line below, diaeresis and grave | |
| Ü̱̂ ü̱̂ | U with line below, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Ǚ̱ ǚ̱ | U with line below, diaeresis and caron | |
| Ǔ̱ ǔ̱ | U with line below and caron | |
| Ụ ụ | U with dot below | Nyakyusa, Vietnamese, Thai transliteration |
| Ụ̀ ụ̀ | U with dot below and grave | |
| Ụ́ ụ́ | U with dot below and acute | |
| Ụ̂ ụ̂ | U with dot below and circumflex | |
| Ụ̃ ụ̃ | U with dot below and tilde | |
| Ụ̄ ụ̄ | U with dot below and macron | Romance dialectology, Thai transliteration |
| Ụ̈ ụ̈ | U with dot below and diaeresis | Middle Low German |
| Ụ̈̀ ụ̈̀ | U with dot below, diaeresis and grave | |
| Ụ̈́ ụ̈́ | U with dot below, diaeresis and acute | |
| Ụ̈̂ ụ̈̂ | U with dot below, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| Ụ̈̌ ụ̈̌ | U with dot below, diaeresis and caron | |
| Ụ̌ ụ̌ | U with dot below and caron | |
| Ụ̍ ụ̍ | U with dot below and vertical line | |
| Ṳ ṳ | U with diaeresis below | Uighur transliteration, Pe̍h-ōe-jī; Gabon Languages Scientific Alphabet [fr] |
| Ṳ̀ ṳ̀ | U with diaeresis below and grave | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| Ṳ́ ṳ́ | U with diaeresis below and acute | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| Ṳ̂ ṳ̂ | U with diaeresis below and circumflex | Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
| Ṳ̈ ṳ̈ | U with diaeresis below and diaeresis | |
| U̥ u̥ | U with ring below | |
| Ü̥ ü̥ | U with ring below and diaeresis | |
| U̯ u̯ | U with inverted breve below | |
| Ũ̯ ũ̯ | U with inverted breve below and tilde | |
| Ü̯ ü̯ | U with inverted breve below and diaeresis | |
| U̩ u̩ | U with vertical line below | |
| U͔ u͔ | U with left arrowhead below | |
| Ũ͔ ũ͔ | U with left arrowhead below and tilde | |
| Ū͔ ū͔ | U with left arrowhead below and macron | |
| Ʉ ʉ ᶶ | U bar | Close central rounded vowel |
| Ʉ̀ ʉ̀ | U bar with grave | |
| Ʉ́ ʉ́ | U bar with acute | Nzime |
| Ʉ̂ ʉ̂ | U bar with circumflex | Nzime |
| Ʉ̃ ʉ̃ | U bar with tilde | |
| Ʉ̄ ʉ̄ | U bar with macron | |
| Ʉ̈ ʉ̈ | U bar with diaeresis | |
| Ʉ̌ ʉ̌ | U bar with caron | |
| Ʉ̧ ʉ̧ | U bar with cedilla | |
| Ʉ̰ ʉ̰ | U bar with tilde below | |
| Ʉ̰́ ʉ̰́ | U bar with tilde below and acute | |
| Ʉ̱ ʉ̱ | U bar with line below | |
| Ʉ̱́ ʉ̱́ | U bar with line below and acute | |
| Ʉ̱̀ ʉ̱̀ | U bar with line below and grave | |
| Ʉ̱̂ ʉ̱̂ | U bar with line below and circumflex | |
| Ʉ̱̈ ʉ̱̈ | U bar with line below and diaeresis | |
| Ʉ̱̌ ʉ̱̌ | U bar with line below and caron | |
| Ʉ̥ ʉ̥ | U bar with ring below | |
| Ꞹ ꞹ | U with stroke | Mazahua239 |
| ᵾ | Small capital U with stroke | |
| ᶙ | U with retroflex hook | |
| ꭒ̀ | U with left hook with grave | |
| ꭒ́ | U with left hook with acute | |
| ꭒ̆ | U with left hook with breve | |
| ꭒ̆̀ | U with left hook with breve and grave | |
| ꭒ̆́ | U with left hook with breve and acute | |
| ꭒ̄ | U with left hook with macron | |
| ꭒ̄̀ | U with left hook with macron and grave | |
| ꭒ̄́ | U with left hook with macron and acute | |
| ꭒ̃ | U with left hook with tilde | |
| Ꞿ ꞿ | Glottal U | Ugaritic transliteration240 |
| ʮ | Turned H with fishhook | |
| ʯ | Turned H with fishhook and tail | |
| ɰ ᶭ | Turned M with long leg | Velar approximant |
| Ʊ̀ ʊ̀ | Upsilon with grave | |
| Ʊ́ ʊ́ | Upsilon with acute | |
| Ʊ̃ ʊ̃ | Upsilon with tilde | |
| ᵿ | Upsilon with stroke | Near-close central rounded vowel |
| V̀ v̀ | V with grave | |
| V́ v́ | V with acute | |
| V̂ v̂ | V with circumflex | |
| Ṽ ṽ | V with tilde | Mundang |
| Ṽ̀ ṽ̀ | V with tilde and grave | |
| Ṽ́ ṽ́ | V with tilde and acute | |
| Ṽ̂ ṽ̂ | V with tilde and circumflex | |
| Ṽ̌ ṽ̌ | V with tilde and caron | |
| V̄ v̄ | V with macron | Maore |
| V̄̀ v̄̀ | V with macron and grave | |
| V̄́ v̄́ | V with macron and acute | |
| V̄̂ v̄̂ | V with macron and circumflex | |
| V̄̃ v̄̃ | V with macron and tilde | |
| V̄̄ v̄̄ | V with macron and macron | |
| V̄̆ v̄̆ | V with macron and breve | |
| V̄̌ v̄̌ | V with macron and caron | |
| V̆ v̆ | V with breve | |
| V̆́ v̆́ | V with breve and acute | |
| V̇ v̇ | V with dot above | |
| V̈ v̈ | V with diaeresis | Middle Low German |
| V̈̀ v̈̀ | V with diaeresis and grave | |
| V̈́ v̈́ | V with diaeresis and acute | |
| V̈̂ v̈̂ | V with diaeresis and circumflex | |
| V̈̄ v̈̄ | V with diaeresis and macron | |
| V̈̌ v̈̌ | V with diaeresis and caron | |
| V̊ v̊ | V with ring above | Middle Low German |
| V̋ v̋ | V with double acute | |
| V̌ v̌ | V with caron | |
| V̍ v̍ | V with vertical line | |
| V̏ v̏ | V with double grave | |
| V̐ v̐ | V with chandrabindu | |
| V̓ v̓ | V with comma above | |
| V̧ v̧ | V with cedilla | |
| V̨ v̨ | V with ogonek | |
| V̨̀ v̨̀ | V with ogonek and grave | |
| V̨́ v̨́ | V with ogonek and acute | |
| V̨̂ v̨̂ | V with ogonek and circumflex | |
| V̨̌ v̨̌ | V with ogonek and caron | |
| V̨̄ v̨̄ | V with ogonek and macron | |
| V̨̄́ v̨̄́ | V with ogonek, macron and acute | |
| V̨̄̀ v̨̄̀ | V with ogonek, macron and grave | |
| V̨̄̂ v̨̄̂ | V with ogonek, macron and circumflex | |
| V̨̄̌ v̨̄̌ | V with ogonek, macron and caron | |
| V̨̈ v̨̈ | V with ogonek and diaeresis | |
| V̨̈́ v̨̈́ | V with ogonek, diaeresis and acute | |
| V̨̈̀ v̨̈̀ | V with ogonek, diaeresis and grave | |
| V̨̈̂ v̨̈̂ | V with ogonek, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| V̨̈̌ v̨̈̌ | V with ogonek, diaeresis and caron | |
| V̨̈̄ v̨̈̄ | V with ogonek, diaeresis and macron | |
| V̨̋ v̨̋ | V with ogonek and double acute | |
| V̨̱ v̨̱ | V with ogonek and line below | |
| V̨̱́ v̨̱́ | V with ogonek, line below and acute | |
| V̨̱̀ v̨̱̀ | V with ogonek, line below and grave | |
| V̨̱̂ v̨̱̂ | V with ogonek, line below and circumflex | |
| V̨̱̌ v̨̱̌ | V with ogonek, line below and caron | |
| V̱ v̱ | V with line below | |
| V̱̀ v̱̀ | V with line below and grave | |
| V̱́ v̱́ | V with line below and acute | |
| V̱̂ v̱̂ | V with line below and circumflex | |
| V̱̌ v̱̌ | V with line below and caron | |
| Ṽ̱ ṽ̱ | V with line below and tilde | |
| V̱̈ v̱̈ | V with line below and diaeresis | |
| V̱̈́ v̱̈́ | V with line below, diaeresis and acute | |
| V̱̈̀ v̱̈̀ | V with line below, diaeresis and grave | |
| V̱̈̂ v̱̈̂ | V with line below, diaeresis and circumflex | |
| V̱̈̌ v̱̈̌ | V with line below, diaeresis and caron | |
| Ṿ ṿ | V with dot below | Inari Sami, ALA-LC and DIN 31636 Hebrew romanization (written as w in the main romanization) |
| V̥ v̥ | V with ring below | |
| Ꝟ ꝟ | V with diagonal stroke | Medieval abbreviations241 |
| ᶌ | V with palatal hook | |
| Ʋ ʋ ᶹ | V with hook (Script V) | Labiodental approximant;Bissa, Kabye |
| Ʋ̀ ʋ̀ | V with hook (Script V) with grave | |
| Ʋ́ ʋ́ | V with hook (Script V) with acute | Nkonya |
| Ʋ̂ ʋ̂ | V with hook (Script V) with circumflex | |
| Ʋ̃ ʋ̃ | V with hook (Script V) with tilde | |
| Ʋ̈ ʋ̈ | V with hook (Script V) with diaeresis | |
| Ʋ̌ ʋ̌ | V with hook (Script V) with caron | |
| ⱱ 𐞰 | V with right hook | Labiodental flap; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter242 |
| ⱴ | V with curl | |
| Ꝩ́ ꝩ́ | Vend with acute | |
| Ꝩ̇ ꝩ̇ | Vend with dot above | |
| Ꝩ̣ ꝩ̣ | Vend with dot below | |
| Ʌ́ ʌ́ | Turned V with acute | Eastern Dan, Goo, Oneida language, Temne |
| Ʌ̀ ʌ̀ | Turned V with grave | Eastern Dan, Goo, Temne |
| Ʌ̂ ʌ̂ | Turned V with circumflex | Eastern Dan, Goo, Temne |
| Ʌ̌ ʌ̌ | Turned V with caron | Temne |
| Ʌ̋ ʌ̋ | Turned V with double acute | Eastern Dan |
| Ʌ̏ ʌ̏ | Turned V with double grave | Eastern Dan |
| Ʌ̄ ʌ̄ | Turned V with macron | Eastern Dan |
| Ʌ̃ ʌ̃ | Turned V with tilde | Wounaan |
| Ʌ̈ ʌ̈ | Turned V with dieresis | Northern Embera |
| ʌ̨ | Turned V with ogonek | Americanist phonetic notation |
| Ʌ̲ ʌ̲ | Turned V with line below | Oneida |
| Ʌ̲́ ʌ̲́ | Turned V with line below and acute | Oneida |
| Ẁ ẁ | W with grave | Welsh |
| Ẃ ẃ | W with acute | Welsh |
| Ŵ ŵ | W with circumflex | Chichewa, Nsenga, Welsh, ISO 259 Hebrew romanization, Tumbuka |
| W̃ w̃ | W with tilde | Wamey |
| W̄ w̄ | W with macron | |
| W̆ w̆ | W with breve | |
| Ẇ ẇ | W with dot above | ISO 259 Hebrew romanization |
| Ẅ ẅ | W with diaeresis | Ngiemboon, Welsh, Tlingit |
| W̤ w̤ | W with diaeresis below | Gabon Languages Scientific Alphabet [fr] |
| W̊ ẘ | W with ring above | Arabic transliteration |
| W̋ w̋ | W with double acute | |
| W̌ w̌ | W with caron | |
| W̍ w̍ | W with vertical line | |
| W̓ w̓ | W with comma above | |
| W̱ w̱ | W with line below | Saanich |
| Ẉ ẉ | W with dot below | Urdu transliteration |
| W̥ w̥ | W with ring below | |
| W̬ w̬ | W with caron below | |
| Ⱳ ⱳ | W with hook | Puguli language |
| ʼW ʼw | W with modified letter apostrophe | Karai-karai |
| X̀ x̀ | X with grave | Azerbaijani (some dialects), Caucasian dialectology |
| X́ x́ | X with acute | Avestan transliteration, Caucasian dialectology |
| X̂ x̂ | X with circumflex | |
| X̃ x̃ | X with tilde | Avar transliteration |
| X̄ x̄ | X with macron | Latin abbreviation |
| X̆ x̆ | X with breve | Caucasian dialectology |
| X̆́ x̆́ | X with breve and acute | Caucasian dialectology |
| Ẋ ẋ | X with dot above | Americanist phonetic notation, Pashto transliteration |
| Ẍ ẍ | X with diaeresis | Kurdish |
| X̊ x̊ | X with ring above | |
| X̌ x̌ | X with caron | Wakhi |
| X̓ x̓ | X with comma above | |
| X̕ x̕ | X with comma above right | |
| X̱ x̱ | X with line below | Saanich |
| X̱̓ x̱̓ | X with line below and comma above | |
| X̣ x̣ | X with dot below | |
| X̣̓ x̣̓ | X with dot below and comma above | |
| X̥ x̥ | X with ring below | |
| ᶍ | X with palatal hook | |
| Ỳ ỳ | Y with grave | Vietnamese, Welsh |
| Ý ý | Y with acute | Afrikaans, Czech, Faroese, Icelandic, Old Norse, Slovak, Vietnamese, Welsh |
| Ŷ ŷ | Y with circumflex | Old Tupi, Welsh |
| Ỹ ỹ | Y with tilde | Vietnamese |
| Ȳ ȳ | Y with macron | Latin, Old English, Livonian, Cornish |
| Ȳ̀ ȳ̀ | Y with macron and grave | |
| Ȳ́ ȳ́ | Y with macron and acute | |
| Ȳ̃ ȳ̃ | Y with macron and tilde | |
| Ȳ̆ ȳ̆ | Y with macron and breve | |
| Y̆ y̆ | Y with breve | |
| Y̆̀ y̆̀ | Y with breve and grave | |
| Y̆́ y̆́ | Y with breve and acute | |
| Ẏ ẏ | Y with dot above | Middle English |
| Ẏ́ ẏ́ | Y with dot above and acute | |
| Ÿ ÿ | Y with diaeresis | French, Greek transliteration, Ngiemboon, Welsh |
| Ÿ́ ÿ́ | Y with diaeresis and acute | |
| Y̊ ẙ | Y with ring above | Arabic transliteration |
| Y̋ y̋ | Y with double acute | |
| Y̌ y̌ | Y with caron | |
| Y̍ y̍ | Y with vertical line | |
| Y̎ y̎ | Y with double vertical line | |
| Y̐ y̐ | Y with chandrabindu | |
| Y̓ y̓ | Y with comma above | |
| Ỷ ỷ | Y with hook above | Vietnamese |
| Y᷎ y᷎ | Y with ogonek above | |
| Y̱ y̱ | Y with line below | Old Persian transliteration |
| Ỵ ỵ | Y with dot below | Vietnamese, Thai transliteration |
| Ỵ̣ ỵ̣ | Y with colon below | Sogdian transliteration |
| Y̥ y̥ | Y with ring below | |
| Y̯ y̯ | Y with inverted breve below | |
| Ɏ ɏ | Y with stroke | Lubuagan Kalinga |
| Ƴ ƴ | Y with hook | Fula, Hausa |
| Ỿ ỿ | Y with loop | Medieval Welsh243 |
| Z̀ z̀ | Z with grave | Old Welsh, Wenzhounese Romanization System |
| Ź ź | Z with acute | Polish, Wenzhounese Romanization System |
| Ẑ ẑ | Z with circumflex | Pinyin Cyrillic transliteration |
| Z̃ z̃ | Z with tilde | Middle Low German |
| Z̄ z̄ | Z with macron | Old Berber transliteration, Wenzhounese Romanization System |
| Ż ż | Z with dot above | Polish, Maltese, Ithkuil transliteration |
| Z̈ z̈ | Z with diaeresis | Manichean transliteration |
| Z̋ z̋ | Z with double acute | Polish (17th century) |
| Ž ž | Z with caron | Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Slovenian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Bosnian, Azerbaijani (some dialects), Wenzhounese Romanization System, Ithkuil transliteration |
| Ž́ ž́ | Z with caron and acute | Avestan transliteration |
| Ž̏ ž̏ | Z with caron and double grave | |
| Z̑ z̑ | Z with inverted breve | |
| Z̓ z̓ | Z with comma above | |
| Z̕ z̕ | Z with comma above right | |
| Z̨ z̨ | Z with ogonek | Moroccan Arabic transliteration, Romance dialectology |
| Z̗ z̗ | Z with acute below | |
| Ẕ ẕ | Z with line below | Middle Persian transliteration, 1953 Hebrew Academy romanization of Hebrew (written as ṣ in the main romanization) |
| Z̮ z̮ | Z with breve below | Romance Dialectology |
| Ẓ ẓ | Z with dot below | Arabic transliteration |
| Ẓ́ ẓ́ | Z with dot below and acute | Tumshuqese transliteration |
| Ẓ̌ ẓ̌ | Z with dot below and caron | Wakhi |
| Ẓ̣ ẓ̣ | Z with colon below | Arabic transliteration |
| Z̤ z̤ | Z with diaeresis below | Persian transliteration |
| Z̥ z̥ | Z with ring below | |
| Ƶ ƶ | Z with stroke | Yanalif, Polish (as an allograph of Ż, used only in uppercase), Unifon |
| ᵶ | Z with middle tilde | |
| ᶎ | Small Z with palatal hook | |
| Ᶎ | Capital Z with palatal hook | Mandarin Chinese using the early draft version of pinyin romanization during the mid-1950s244 |
| Ȥ ȥ | Z with hook | Medieval German |
| ʐ ᶼ | Z with retroflex hook | Voiced retroflex fricative |
| ʑ ᶽ | Z with curl | Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative |
| Ɀ ɀ | Z with swash tail | Shona245 |
| Ⱬ ⱬ | Z with descender | Uyghur. cf. Cyrillic: Ҙ ҙ |
| Ʒ́ ʒ́ | Ezh with acute | |
| Ʒ̇ ʒ̇ | Ezh with dot above | |
| Ǯ ǯ | Ezh with caron | Karelian, Skolt Sámi |
| Ǯ́ ǯ́ | Ezh with caron and acute | |
| Ʒ̥ ʒ̥ | Ezh with ring below | |
| ᶚ | Ezh with retroflex hook | |
| 𝼘 | Ezh with palatal hook | Previously in IPA246247 |
| ƺ | Ezh with tail | Previously in IPA |
| ʓ | Ezh with curl | |
| Þ́ þ́ | Thorn with acute | |
| Þ̣ þ̣ | Thorn with dot below | |
| Ꝥ ꝥ | Thorn with stroke | Old English and Middle English abbreviation for þæt or þat (thorn with diagonal stroke); Old Norse abbreviation for þat, þess, þor- (thorn with horizontal stroke).248249 |
| Ꝧ ꝧ | Thorn with stroke through descender | Medieval abbreviations250 |
| ƻ | Two with stroke | Previously in IPA |
| Ꜯ ꜯ | Cuatrillo with comma | Mayan glottalized alveolar affricate /tsˀ/ |
| ʡ 𐞳 | Glottal stop with stroke | Epiglottal plosive; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter251 |
| ʢ 𐞴 | Reversed glottal stop with stroke | Voiced epiglottal fricative; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter252 |
| ː 𐞁 | Triangular colon | IPA long length mark; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter253 |
| aː | long a | phonetic sound |
| eː | long e | phonetic sound |
| iː | long i | phonetic sound |
| oː | long o | phonetic sound |
| uː | long u | phonetic sound |
| ʓː | long ezh with curl | |
| ʡː | long glottal stop with stroke | |
| ˑ 𐞂 | Half of triangular colon | IPA half-long length mark; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter254 |
Ligatures
Ligatures| Letter | Name | Writing System | IPA value(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ꜳ ꜳ 𐞀 | AA | Medieval Nordic255 | /aː/ | Superscript form is used as a Voice Quality Symbol (VoQS) |
| Ꜳ́ ꜳ́ | AA with acute | |||
| Ꜳ̋ ꜳ̋ | AA with double acute | |||
| Ꜳ̇ ꜳ̇ | AA with dot above | |||
| Ꜳ̈ ꜳ̈ | AA with diaeresis | |||
| Ꜳ̣ ꜳ̣ | AA with dot below | |||
| Æ æ ᴭ 𐞃 | AE | IPA | /æ/ | IPA near-open front unrounded vowel, Ash, Aesc, Danish, cf. Cyrillic: Ӕ ӕ, English, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, Sámi, Thai transliteration. Superscript 𐞃 is an IPA letter256 |
| Æ̀ æ̀ | AE with grave | Old Faroese | ||
| Ǽ ǽ | AE with acute | Danish | ||
| Æ̂ æ̂ | AE with circumflex | |||
| Æ̌ æ̌ | AE with caron | |||
| Æ̃ æ̃ | AE with tilde | |||
| Ǣ ǣ | AE with macron | Old English | ||
| Old Sámi | ||||
| æ̈ | AE with diaeresis | IPA | ||
| æ͔̃ | AE with left arrowhead below and tilde | UPA | ||
| æ̞ | AE with down tack below | IPA | ||
| ᴁ | Small capital AE | UPA257 | ||
| ᴂ ᵆ | Turned AE | UPA258 | ||
| ꬱ | A reversed-Schwa | Anthropos phonetic transcription system259 | ||
| Ꜵ ꜵ | AO | Medieval Nordic260 | /ǫ/ | |
| Ꜵ́ ꜵ́ | AO with acute | |||
| Ꜵ̋ ꜵ̋ | AO with double acute | |||
| Ꜵ̣ ꜵ̣ | AO with dot below | |||
| Ꜷ ꜷ | AU | Medieval Nordic261 | /au/, /ǫ/, /ø/, /øː/ | |
| Ꜷ́ ꜷ́ | AU with acute | |||
| Ꜹ ꜹ | AV | Medieval Nordic262 | /au/, /ǫ/, /ø/, /øː/ | |
| Ꜻ ꜻ | AV with horizontal bar | Medieval Nordic263 | /ǫ/, /ø/, /øː/, /ęː/ | |
| Ꜹ́ ꜹ́ | AV with acute | |||
| Ꜹ̋ ꜹ̋ | AV with double acute | |||
| Ꜻ́ ꜻ́ | AV with horizontal bar and acute | |||
| Ꜽ ꜽ | AY | Medieval Nordic | /ǫ/, /øː/, /ey/ | |
| Ꜽ̇ ꜽ̇ | AY with dot above | |||
| Ꜽ̣ ꜽ̣ | AY with dot below | |||
| ȸ | DB digraph | Nonstandard IPA | /b̪/ | Nonstandard IPA voiced labiodental plosive, especially in Bantu linguistics |
| ʤ 𐞊 | Dezh digraph | IPA (obsolete) | /dʒ/ | Former IPA voiced postalveolar affricate; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter264 |
| 𝼒 | Dezh digraph with palatal hook | Used in phonetic transcription265266 | ||
| 𝼙 | Dezh digraph with retroflex hook | Has been used in phonetic descriptions of Polish267 | ||
| ʣ 𐞇 | DZ digraph | IPA (obsolete) | /dz/ | Former IPA voiced alveolar sibilant affricate; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter268 |
| ʥ 𐞉 | DZ digraph with curl | IPA (obsolete) | /dʑ/ | Former IPA voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter269 |
| ꭦ 𐞈 | DZ digraph with retroflex hook | IPA (obsolete) | /dʐ/ | Former IPA voiced retroflex sibilant affricate;270 Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter271 |
| DZ Dz dz | DZ | Hungarian | ||
| DŽ Dž dž | DZ with caron | Used in Gaj's Latin alphabet for Serbo-Croatian | ||
| ff | Ligature FF | Stylistical ligature | ||
| ffi | Ligature FFI | Stylistical ligature | ||
| ffl | Ligature FFL | Stylistical ligature | ||
| fi | Ligature FI | Stylistical ligature | ||
| fl | Ligature FL | Stylistical ligature | ||
| ʩ 𐞐 | Feng digraph | extIPA272273 | extIPA voiceless velopharyngeal fricative; Superscript form is part of the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for disordered speech (extIPA)274275 | |
| 𝼀 | Feng digraph with trill | extIPA276277 | ||
| IJ ij | Ligature IJ | Dutch, West Frisian, Stylistical ligature | ||
| ꭡ | Iotified E (Iotated E) | historically used for Yakut278 | ||
| Ỻ ỻ | Middle-Welsh Ll | Medieval Welsh279 | ||
| ʪ 𐞙 | LS digraph | IPA | /ʪ/ | IPA voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative; Superscript form is part of the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for disordered speech (extIPA)280281 |
| ʫ 𐞚 | LZ digraph | IPA | /ʫ/ | IPA voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative; Superscript form is part of the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for disordered speech (extIPA)282283 |
| ɮ 𐞞 | LEZH digraph | IPA | /ɮ/ | IPA voiced alveolar lateral fricative; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter284285 |
| 𝼅 𐞟 | Small lezh with retroflex hook | extIPA286287 | /ɭ˔/ | Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter288289 |
| Œ œ ꟹ | Ligature OE | IPA | /œ/ | IPA open-mid front rounded vowel, English, Ethel, French |
| Œ̀ œ̀ | Ligature OE with grave | |||
| Œ́ œ́ | Ligature OE with acute | |||
| Œ̂ œ̂ | Ligature OE with circumflex | |||
| Œ̃ œ̃ | Ligature OE with tilde | |||
| Œ̄ œ̄ | Ligature OE with macron | |||
| ɶ 𐞣 | Small capital OE | IPA | /ɶ/ | IPA open front rounded vowel, superscript form is an IPA superscript letter290 |
| ᴔ | Turned OE | UPA291 | Otto Bremer's phonetic transcription system for German dialectology292 | |
| Otto Bremer's transcription | ||||
| ꭂ | Turned OE with horizontal stroke | Otto Bremer's transcription | Otto Bremer's phonetic transcription system for German dialectology293 | |
| ꭁ | Turned OE with stroke | Otto Bremer's transcription | Otto Bremer's phonetic transcription system for German dialectology294 | |
| ꭢ | Open OE | historically used for Yakut | ||
| Ꝏ ꝏ | OO | Medieval Nordic295 | /oː/ | |
| Ꝏ́ ꝏ́ | OO with acute | |||
| Ꝏ̈ ꝏ̈ | OO with diaeresis | |||
| Ꝏ̋ ꝏ̋ | OO with double acute | |||
| ꭃ | Turned O with Open-O | Otto Bremer's phonetic transcription system for German dialectology296 | ||
| ꭄ | Turned O with Open-O with stroke | Otto Bremer's phonetic transcription system for German dialectology297 | ||
| ȹ | QP digraph | Nonstandard IPA | /p̪/ | Nonstandard IPA voiceless labiodental plosive, especially in Bantu linguistics |
| ẞ ß | Sharp S | German eszett | ||
| st | Ligature ST | Stylistical ligature | ||
| ſt | Long S-T | Stylistical ligature | ||
| ʨ 𐞫 | TC digraph with curl | IPA (obsolete) | /tɕ/ | Former IPA voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter298 |
| ʧ 𐞮 | Tesh digraph | IPA (obsolete) | /tʃ/ | Former IPA voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant affricate; Superscript form is an IPA letter299 |
| 𝼗 | Tesh digraph with palatal hook | Used in phonetic transcription300301 | ||
| 𝼜 | Tesh digraph with retroflex hook | Has been used in phonetic descriptions of Polish302 | ||
| ᵺ | TH with strikethrough | Random House dictionaries’ phonetic transcription | ||
| ʦ 𐞬 | TS digraph | IPA (obsolete) | /ts/ | Former IPA voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate; Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter303 |
| ꭧ 𐞭 | TS digraph with retroflex hook | IPA (obsolete) | /tʂ/ | Former IPA voiceless retroflex sibilant affricate;304 Superscript form is an IPA superscript letter305 |
| Ꜩ ꜩ | TEZH | Mayan palato-alveolar affricate /ts/, Stylistical ligature | ||
| ꭀ | Inverted OE | Anthropos phonetic transcription system306 | ||
| ᵫ | UE | Merriam-Webster phonetic transcription system | ||
| ꭐ | UI | Anthropos phonetic transcription system307 | ||
| ꭑ | Turned UI | Anthropos phonetic transcription system308 | ||
| ꭣ | UO | historically used for Yakut309 | ||
| Ꝡ ꝡ | VY | Medieval Nordic310 | /yː/ | |
| Ꝡ̈ ꝡ̈ | VY with diaeresis | |||
| Ꝡ̋ ꝡ̋ | VY with double acute | |||
| & | Ampersand | Logogram representing "and" | ||
| ꟓ | Double Þ | used in Ormulum to indicate a preceding short vowel311 | ||
| ꟕ | Double Ƿ | used in Ormulum to indicate a preceding short vowel312 |
Multigraphs
Other characters
Other Latin characters are omitted from the tables above:
- Subscript modifier letters a, e, h-p, and r-v, and x: ₐ ₑ ₕ ᵢ ⱼ ₖ ₗ ₘ ₙ ₒ ₚ ᵣ ₛ ₜ ᵤ ᵥ ₓ (See Unicode subscripts and superscripts for full list.)
- Superscript modifier letters A-R, T-W and a-z: ᴬ ᴮ ꟲ ᴰ ᴱ ꟳ ᴳ ᴴ ᴵ ᴶ ᴷ ᴸ ᴹ ᴺ ᴼ ᴾ ꟴ ᴿ ᵀ ᵁ ⱽ ᵂ ᵃ ᵇ ᶜ ᵈ ᵉ ᶠ ᵍ ʰ ⁱ ʲ ᵏ ˡ ᵐ ⁿ ᵒ ᵖ 𐞥 ʳ ˢ ᵗ ᵘ ᵛ ʷ ˣ ʸ ᶻ (See Unicode subscripts and superscripts for full list.)
- Feminine (ª) and masculine (º) ordinal indicators
- Fullwidth forms for typesetting Latin characters in a CJK environment: Ａａ Ｂｂ Ｃｃ Ｄｄ Ｅｅ Ｆｆ Ｇｇ Ｈｈ Ｉｉ Ｊｊ Ｋｋ Ｌｌ Ｍｍ Ｎｎ Ｏｏ Ｐｐ Ｑｑ Ｒｒ Ｓｓ Ｔｔ Ｕｕ Ｖｖ Ｗｗ Ｘｘ Ｙｙ Ｚｚ
- U+0149 ʼn LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE. This is a legacy compatibility character for ISO/IEC 6937. It is deprecated, so separate ' and n characters should be used in its place.
See also
- Latin-script multigraph
- Ligature (writing)
- Latin script in Unicode
- Ligatures in Unicode
- Phonetic symbols in Unicode
- List of Latin letters by shape
- List of Latin-script digraphs
- Category:Latin-script ligatures
- Category:Palaeographic letters
- Category:Phonetic transcription symbols
- Category:Letters with diacritics
- Category:Latin-script letters
Footnotes
Sources
- Centre national de linguistique appliquée (CENALA) (2008), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises (in French) (6 ed.), Cotonou: CENALA avec le concours de l’Initiative francophone pour la formation à distance des maîtres (IFADEM)
References
So defined in ISO/IEC 646 (based on ASCII) which was based on the 26 letters of the English alphabet and previous telecommunication standards /wiki/ISO/IEC_646 ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Anderson, Deborah; Lawyer, Lewis; von Schneidemesser, Luanne; Whistler, Ken (2012-07-12). "Proposal for Two Phonetic Characters" (PDF). http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12266r-two-phonetic.pdf ↩
Priest, Lorna (2007-11-22). "Proposal to encode two phonetic characters and two Shona characters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07334r2-strident-shona-alpha.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2012-02-08). "Proposal for the addition of five Latin characters to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4030.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Lilley, Chris (2019-05-26). "L2/19-179: Proposal for the addition of four Latin characters for Gaulish" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19179-n5044-tau-gallicum.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Anii language and alphabet". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2024-12-17. https://www.omniglot.com/writing/anii.htm ↩
"Awing language and alphabet". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2024-12-17. https://www.omniglot.com/writing/awing.htm ↩
According to alphabet kanuri — arrété 213-99 de la République du Niger Archived 2009-06-27 at the Wayback Machine (Chantal Enguehard – Université de Nantes) the letter schwa used in Kanuri is encoded in Unicode with U+01DD instead of U+0259, and its uppercase is Ǝ U+018E instead of Ə U+018F. http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/recherche/Afrique/alphabet_kanuri.htm ↩
SIL International (2014). "Classement alphabétique pour la langue lama". Dictionnaire lama. http://lama.webonary.org/ ↩
CENALA 2008, p. 27–28, Alphabet lǝkpa. - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (CENALA) (2008), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises (in French) (6 ed.), Cotonou: CENALA avec le concours de l’Initiative francophone pour la formation à distance des maîtres (IFADEM) ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Eyoh, Julius A.; Hedinger, Robert (June 2008). "Mfumte Orthography Guide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-16. Retrieved March 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180316151900/http://www.silcam.org/documents/MfumteOrthographyGuide-u.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2012-02-08). "Proposal for the addition of five Latin characters to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4030.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
1912 Principles of the IPA ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
West, Andrew; Everson, Michael (2019-06-10). "Proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS" (PDF). http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19178-n5043-ormulum.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2012-02-08). "Proposal for the addition of five Latin characters to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4030.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
Jacquerye, Denis Moyogo (2022-02-20). "L2/22-045: Proposal to add capital rams horn" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22045-capital-rams-horn.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
West, Andrew; Everson, Michael (2019-03-25). "L2/19-092: Proposal to encode Latin Letter Reversed Half H" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19092-n5039-reversed-half-h.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Jacquerye, Denis; Lilley, Chris (26 July 2012). "Proposal for the addition of ten Latin characters to the UCS" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. Retrieved 2016-06-26. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael (2012-02-08). "Proposal for the addition of five Latin characters to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4030.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (2020-07-10). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20115r-click-letters.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). 2006-01-30. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06027-n3027-medieval.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
Humchitt, Robyn; Jacquerye, Denis; King, Kevin (2023-07-17). "L2/23-191: Proposal to Encode 3 Additional Latin Characters for Wakashan and Salishan Languages to the Unicode Standard" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23191-three-latin-additions.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Bunčić, Daniel (2021-01-12). "L2/21-039: Proposal to include the letter 'Old Polish O'" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21039-old-polish-o.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
Barmeier, Severin (2015-10-10), L2/15-241: Proposal to encode Latin small capital letter Q (PDF) https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15241-small-cap-q.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
West, Andrew; Everson, Michael (2019-06-10). "Proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS" (PDF). http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19178-n5043-ormulum.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Lilley, Chris (2019-05-26). "L2/19-179: Proposal for the addition of four Latin characters for Gaulish" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19179-n5044-tau-gallicum.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2022-07-09). "L2/22-113R: Unicode request for two BMP Latin characters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22113r-two-latin-chars.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael (2019-04-25). "L2/19-180R: Proposal to add two characters for Middle Scots to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19180r-n5045r-middle-scots-s.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2020-10-01). "Proposal to add two SIGMOID S characters for medieval palaeography to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20269-n5146-sigmoid-s.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf ↩
West, Andrew; Everson, Michael (2019-06-10). "Proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS" (PDF). http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19178-n5043-ormulum.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (2020-07-10). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20115r-click-letters.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2017-07-26). "L2/17-238: Proposal to add LATIN LETTER ANGLICANA W to the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael (2019-05-05). "L2/19-075R: Proposal to add six phonetic characters for Scots to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19075r-n5036-scots-phonetics.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Yevlampiev, Ilya; Jumagueldinov, Nurlan; Pentzlin, Karl (2012-04-26). "Second revised proposal to encode four historic Latin letters for Sakha (Yakut)" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12044r-yakut.pdf ↩
West, Andrew; Everson, Michael (2019-06-10). "Proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS" (PDF). http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19178-n5043-ormulum.pdf ↩
West, Andrew; Everson, Michael (2019-06-10). "Proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS" (PDF). http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19178-n5043-ormulum.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
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West, Andrew (5 October 2009). "Rationale for Encoding Latin Letter Middle Dot" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. Retrieved 2015-12-27. /wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist) ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (2020-07-10). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20115r-click-letters.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (2020-07-10). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20115r-click-letters.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
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Suignard, Michel (2017-05-09). "L2/17-076R2: Revised proposal for the encoding of an Egyptological YOD and Ugaritic characters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17076r2-n4792r2-egyptological-yod.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Tumasonis, Vladas; Pentzlin, Karl (2011-05-24). "N4070: Second revised proposal to add characters used in Lithuanian dialectology to the UCS" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11223-n4070.pdf ↩
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Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Jacquerye, Denis (2016-01-22), L2/16-032: Proposal to encode two Latin characters for Mazahua (PDF) https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16032-latin-mazahua.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
On Barak (Fall 2013). "Outdating: The Time of 'Culture' in Colonial Egypt". Grey Room. 53: 6–31. doi:10.1162/GREY_a_00124. S2CID 57569350. http://www.greyroom.org/issues/53/9/outdating-the-time-of-culture-in-colonial-egypt/ ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Tumasonis, Vladas; Pentzlin, Karl (2011-05-24). "N4070: Second revised proposal to add characters used in Lithuanian dialectology to the UCS" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11223-n4070.pdf ↩
"Unicode chart for Latin Extended-E" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. 2016. https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAB30.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Suignard, Michel (2017-05-09). "L2/17-076R2: Revised proposal for the encoding of an Egyptological YOD and Ugaritic characters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17076r2-n4792r2-egyptological-yod.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Rees, Neil (2021-07-16). "L2/21-156: Unicode request for legacy Malayalam" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21156-legacy-malayalam.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Humchitt, Robyn; Jacquerye, Denis; King, Kevin (2023-07-17). "L2/23-191: Proposal to Encode 3 Additional Latin Characters for Wakashan and Salishan Languages to the Unicode Standard" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23191-three-latin-additions.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Rees, Neil (2021-07-16). "L2/21-156: Unicode request for legacy Malayalam" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21156-legacy-malayalam.pdf ↩
Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan (2006), "Zurich German", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 251, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441 /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Jacquerye, Denis (2016-01-22), L2/16-032: Proposal to encode two Latin characters for Mazahua (PDF) https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16032-latin-mazahua.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael (2019-05-05). "L2/19-075R: Proposal to add six phonetic characters for Scots to the UCS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19075r-n5036-scots-phonetics.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Rees, Neil (2021-07-16). "L2/21-156: Unicode request for legacy Malayalam" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21156-legacy-malayalam.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
"TITUS Texts: Fenne, Manual: Frame". https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/slav/aruss/fenne/fenne.htm ↩
Miller, Kirk; Rees, Neil (2021-07-16). "L2/21-156: Unicode request for legacy Malayalam" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21156-legacy-malayalam.pdf ↩
West, Andrew; Chan, Eiso; Everson, Michael (2017-01-16). "L2/17-013: Proposal to encode three uppercase Latin letters used in early Pinyin" (PDF). /wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist) ↩
Priest, Lorna (2007-11-22). "Proposal to encode two phonetic characters and two Shona characters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07334r2-strident-shona-alpha.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2021-01-11). "L2/21-041: Unicode request for additional para-IPA letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21041-add-para-ipa-ltr.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (2020-07-10). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20115r-click-letters.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (2020-07-10). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20115r-click-letters.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (2020-07-10). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20115r-click-letters.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Rees, Neil (2021-07-16). "L2/21-156: Unicode request for legacy Malayalam" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21156-legacy-malayalam.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan (2006), "Zurich German", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 251, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441 /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Jacquerye, Denis (2016-01-22), L2/16-032: Proposal to encode two Latin characters for Mazahua (PDF) https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16032-latin-mazahua.pdf ↩
Suignard, Michel (2017-05-09). "L2/17-076R2: Revised proposal for the encoding of an Egyptological YOD and Ugaritic characters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17076r2-n4792r2-egyptological-yod.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
West, Andrew; Chan, Eiso; Everson, Michael (2017-01-16). "L2/17-013: Proposal to encode three uppercase Latin letters used in early Pinyin" (PDF). /wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist) ↩
Priest, Lorna (2007-11-22). "Proposal to encode two phonetic characters and two Shona characters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07334r2-strident-shona-alpha.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
West, Andrew; Everson, Michael (2017-10-17). "L2/17-236: Proposal to add LATIN LETTER THORN WITH DIAGONAL STROKE" (PDF). /wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist) ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
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Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Everson, Michael (2021-01-03), L2/21-004: Unicode request for dezh with retroflex hook (PDF) https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21004-dezh-retroflex-hook.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2017-08-17). "L2/17-299 Proposal to add two Sinological Latin letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17299-n4842-sinological-digraphs.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Yevlampiev, Ilya; Jumagueldinov, Nurlan; Pentzlin, Karl (2012-04-26). "Second revised proposal to encode four historic Latin letters for Sakha (Yakut)" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12044r-yakut.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). 2002-03-20. Retrieved 2024-07-21. https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf ↩
Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Everson, Michael (2021-01-03), L2/21-004: Unicode request for dezh with retroflex hook (PDF) https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21004-dezh-retroflex-hook.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (2017-08-17). "L2/17-299 Proposal to add two Sinological Latin letters" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17299-n4842-sinological-digraphs.pdf ↩
Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
Yevlampiev, Ilya; Jumagueldinov, Nurlan; Pentzlin, Karl (2012-04-26). "Second revised proposal to encode four historic Latin letters for Sakha (Yakut)" (PDF). https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12044r-yakut.pdf ↩
Michael Everson; et al. (2005-08-02). "Preliminary proposal to add medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-21. /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
West, Andrew; Everson, Michael (2019-06-10). "Proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS" (PDF). http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19178-n5043-ormulum.pdf ↩
West, Andrew; Everson, Michael (2019-06-10). "Proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS" (PDF). http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19178-n5043-ormulum.pdf ↩