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Chemical structure

Single-crystal X-ray crystallography has been used to determine its structure; as can be predicted by VSEPR theory, it adopts a T-shaped geometry about the central iodine atom.¹

Preparation

Iodobenzene dichloride is not stable and is not commonly available commercially. It is prepared by passing chlorine gas through a solution of iodobenzene in chloroform, from which it precipitates.² The same reaction has been reported at pilot plant scale (20 kg) as well.³

An alternate preparation involving the use of chlorine generated in situ by the action of sodium hypochlorite on hydrochloric acid has also been described.⁴

Reactions

Iodobenzene dichloride is hydrolyzed by basic solutions to give iodosobenzene (PhIO)⁵ and is oxidized by sodium hypochlorite to give iodoxybenzene (PhIO2).⁶

In organic synthesis, iodobenzene dichloride is used as a reagent for the selective chlorination of alkenes.⁷ and alkynes.⁸

Further reading

• Tanner, Dennis D; Van Bostelen, P. B. (1967). "Free-radical chlorination reactions of iodobenzene dichloride". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 32 (5): 1517–1521. doi:10.1021/jo01280a047.

References

1. E. M. Archer and T. G. van Schalkwy (1953). "The crystal structure of benzene iododichloride". Acta Crystallogr. 6 (1): 88–92. Bibcode:1953AcCry...6...88A. doi:10.1107/S0365110X53000193. https://doi.org/10.1107%2FS0365110X53000193 ↩

2. H. J. Lucas and E. R. Kennedy (1942). "Iodobenzene dichloride". Organic Syntheses. 22: 69. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.022.0069. /wiki/Organic_Syntheses ↩

3. Zanka, Atsuhiko; Takeuchi, Hiroki; Kubota, Ariyoshi (1998). "Large-Scale Preparation of Iodobenzene Dichloride and Efficient Monochlorination of 4-Aminoacetophenone". Organic Process Research & Development. 2 (4): 270. doi:10.1021/op980024e. /wiki/Organic_Process_Research_%26_Development ↩

4. Zhao, Xue-Fei; Zhang, Chi (2007). "Iodobenzene Dichloride as a Stoichiometric Oxidant for the Conversion of Alcohols into Carbonyl Compounds; Two Facile Methods for Its Preparation". Synthesis. 2007 (4): 551. doi:10.1055/s-2007-965889. /wiki/Synthesis_(journal) ↩

5. H. J. Lucas, E. R. Kennedy, and M. W. Formo (1942). "Iodosobenzene". Organic Syntheses. 22: 70. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.022.0070{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link). /wiki/Organic_Syntheses ↩

6. M. W. Formo, John R. Johnson (1942). "Iodoxybenzene: B. Hypochlorite oxidation of iodobenzene dichloride". Organic Syntheses. 22: 72. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.022.0072. /wiki/Organic_Syntheses ↩

7. Phenyliodine(III) Dichloride, David W. Knight and Glen A. Russell, in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd doi:10.1002/047084289X.rp071 http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/eros/articles/rp071/abstract-fs.html ↩

8. Michael E. Jung and Michael H. Parker (1997). "Synthesis of Several Naturally Occurring Polyhalogenated Monoterpenes of the Halomon Class". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 62 (21): 7094–7095. doi:10.1021/jo971371. PMID 11671809. /wiki/Michael_E._Jung ↩