Iodine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with chemical formula IF5. It is one of the fluorides of iodine. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples appear yellow. It is used as a fluorination reagent and even a solvent in specialized syntheses.
Preparation
It was first synthesized by Henri Moissan in 1891 by burning solid iodine in fluorine gas.2 This exothermic reaction is still used to produce iodine pentafluoride, although the reaction conditions have been improved.3
I2 + 5 F2 → 2 IF5Reactions
IF5 reacts vigorously with water forming hydrofluoric acid and iodic acid:
IF5 + 3 H2O → HIO3 + 5 HFUpon treatment with fluorine, it converts to iodine heptafluoride:4
IF5 + F2 → IF7It has been used as a solvent for handling metal fluorides. For example, the reduction of osmium hexafluoride to osmium pentafluoride with iodine is conducted in a solution in iodine pentafluoride:5
10 OsF6 + I2 → 10 OsF5 + 2 IF5Primary amines react with iodine pentafluoride forming nitriles after hydrolysis.6
Further reading
- Lord, R. C.; Lynch, M. A.; Schumb, W. C.; Slowinski, E. J. (1950). "The Vibrational Spectra and Structures of Iodine Pentafluoride and Heptafluoride". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 72 (1): 522–527. doi:10.1021/ja01157a135.
- Rogers, M. T.; Speirs, J. L.; Thompson, H. B.; Panish, M. B. (1954). "Iodine Pentafluoride, Freezing and Boiling Point, Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relations". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (19): 4843–4844. doi:10.1021/ja01648a022.
- Rogers, M. T.; Thompson, H. B.; Speirs, J. L. (1954). "Dielectric Constants of Liquid Chlorine Trifluoride and Iodine Pentafluoride". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (19): 4841–4843. doi:10.1021/ja01648a021.
- Booth, H. S.; Pinkston, J. T. Jr. (1947). "The Halogen Fluorides". Chemical Reviews. 41 (3): 421–439. doi:10.1021/cr60130a001. PMID 18895518.
- Hetherington, G.; Robinson, P.L. (1956). "The Viscosities of Iodine Pentafluoride and Ditellurium Decafluoride". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 3681. doi:10.1039/jr9560003674. ISSN 0368-1769.
External links
- WebBook page for IF5
- National Pollutant Inventory - fluoride and compounds fact sheet
- web elements listing
References
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. 978-0-08-037941-8 ↩
Moissan, M. H. (1891). "Nouvelles Recherches sur le Fluor". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 6 (24): 224–282. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k34894x/f222.tableDesMatieres ↩
Ruff, O.; Keim, R. (1931). "Fluorierung von Verbindungen des Kohlenstoffs (Benzol und Tetrachlormethan mit Jod-5-fluorid, sowie Tetrachlormethan mit Fluor) [Fluoridation of Carbon Compounds (Benzene and Tetrachlormethane with Iodine-5-Fluoride, and Tetrachloromethane with Fluorine)]". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie (in German). 201 (1): 245–258. doi:10.1002/zaac.19312010122. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Ruff, O.; Keim, R. (1930). "Das Jod-7-fluorid [The iodine-7-fluoride]". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 193 (1): 176–186. doi:10.1002/zaac.19301930117. /wiki/Otto_Ruff ↩
Holloway, John H.; Mitchell, S. J. (1971). "Preparation and Crystal Structure of Osmium Pentafluoride". Journal of the Chemical Society: 2789–94. doi:10.1039/J19710002789. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Stevens, T. E. (1966). "Rearrangement of Amides with Iodine Pentafluoride". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 31 (6): 2025–2026. doi:10.1021/jo01344a539. /wiki/Journal_of_Organic_Chemistry ↩