The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India, organised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) since 2007. Featuring ten franchise teams, it is the most popular and second-richest sports league globally. Held annually from March to May, the IPL has an exclusive slot in the International Cricket Council’s Future Tours Programme and was the first major sporting event broadcast live on YouTube in 2010. Its media rights were sold in 2023 for US$6.4 billion to Viacom18 and Star Sports. The Royal Challengers Bengaluru are the 2025 champions, having defeated the Punjab Kings.
Mar 17 2023
Apr 26 2022
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Feb 6 2016
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Winners of theIndian Premier LeagueBackground
In April 2007, Essel Group launched the Indian Cricket League (ICL), in partnership with IL&FS.1516 The ICL was not recognized by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) or the International Cricket Council (ICC). Moreover, the BCCI was unhappy about its committee members joining the ICL executive board.1718 In response, the BCCI increased the prize money for its domestic tournaments and imposed lifetime bans on players who joined the ICL, which it considered a rebel league.1920
Foundation
On 13 September 2007, as the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 began, the BCCI launched the Indian Premier League, an annual franchise-based Twenty20 cricket competition.21 The inaugural season was scheduled to start in April 2008, commencing with a "high-profile ceremony" in New Delhi. BCCI vice-president Lalit Modi, who led the IPL initiative, provided details of the tournament, including its format, prize money, franchise revenue system, and squad composition rules. The league, to be managed by a seven-person governing council, would also serve as the qualifying mechanism for that year's Champions League Twenty20.2223
To determine team ownership, an auction for the franchises was held on 24 January 2008. The reserve prices for the eight franchises totalled $400 million,24 but the auction ultimately raised $723.59 million.25 The league officially commenced in April 2008, featuring Chennai Super Kings (CSK), Mumbai Indians (MI), Delhi Daredevils (DD), Kings XI Punjab (KXIP), Deccan Chargers (DC), Rajasthan Royals (RR), Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR), and Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB).26
In 2009, the BCCI and other national boards offered amnesty to rival ICL's players and officials, provided they terminated their contracts. The resulting player exodus and financial difficulties forced ICL to shut down later that year.272829
Expansions and terminations
New franchises, Pune Warriors India and Kochi Tuskers Kerala, joined the league before the fourth season in 2011.30 The Sahara Adventure Sports Group purchased the Pune franchise for $370 million, while Rendezvous Sports World bought the Kochi franchise for $333.3 million.31 The Kochi franchise was terminated after just one season due to their failure to pay the BCCI the 10% bank guarantee element of the franchise fee.32
In September 2012, the Deccan Chargers franchise agreement was terminated after the BCCI failed to find new owners.33 In October, an auction was held for a replacement franchise; Sun TV Network won the bid for what became the Hyderabad franchise;34 the team was named Sunrisers Hyderabad.35
Pune Warriors India withdrew from the IPL in May 2013 due to financial differences with the BCCI.36 The BCCI officially terminated the franchise in October, and the league reverted to eight teams.37
In June 2015, the two-time champions Chennai Super Kings and the inaugural season champions Rajasthan Royals were suspended for two seasons following their involvement in a spot-fixing and betting scandal.38 The two teams were replaced for two seasons by Rising Pune Supergiant and Gujarat Lions based in Pune and Rajkot respectively.3940
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the venue for the 2020 season was moved and games were played in the United Arab Emirates.4142 In August 2021, the BCCI announced that two new franchises, based in two of six shortlisted cities, would join the league in the 2022 season.4344 In closed bidding held in October, the RPSG Group and CVC Capital won the bids for the teams, paying ₹7,000 crore (US$830 million) and ₹5,200 crore (US$620 million), respectively.4546 The teams were subsequently named Lucknow Super Giants and Gujarat Titans.
Several IPL franchise owners have expanded their business by acquiring teams in other franchise leagues, such as the West Indies' Caribbean Premier League (CPL), South Africa's SA20, the UAE's International League T20 (ILT20) and the USA's Major League Cricket (MLC).
In 2023, owners of three existing IPL teams - Mumbai Indians, Delhi Capitals and Royal Challengers Bengaluru secured the rights for the homonymous franchises in the Women's Premier League.47
In addition to these acquisitions, Delhi Capitals also bought a stake in MLC's Seattle Orcas.48
In 2025, stakes in teams from The Hundred became available. RPSG Group (Lucknow Super Giants) bought a 70% stake in Manchester Originals for around £81m, while Reliance Industries (Mumbai Indians) bought at 49% stake in the Oval Invincibles for £60m.49 Yorkshire sold 100% of Northern Superchargers to Sun Group (Sunrisers Hyderabad) for £100m.50 The GMR Group (Delhi Capitals) had already acquired Hampshire in a 2024 deal, including the club's 51% stake in the Southern Brave51 and bought the remaining 49% for around £48m.52
Organization
The IPL's headquarters are located in the Cricket Centre, next to the Wankhede Stadium in Churchgate, Mumbai. The Governing Council is responsible for the league's functions, including the organization of tournaments. As of March 2025, its members included:56
- Arun Singh Dhumal – Chairman5758
- Devajit Saikia – Honorary Secretary BCCI, Member
- Prabhtej Singh Bhatia – Honorary Treasurer BCCI, Member
- Avishek Dalmiya – Member
- Vankina Chamundeswara Nath – Indian Cricketers' Association's representative, Member
- CM Sane – CAG Nominee, Member
Player acquisition, squad composition, and salaries
A team can acquire players through the annual player auction, trading with other teams during trading windows, and signing replacements for unavailable players. Players sign up for the auction59 and set their base price and are bought by the highest-bidding franchise. Unsold players at the auction can become replacement signings. Trades require player consent, and any contract differences are covered by the franchise. There are typically three trading windows: two before the auction and one before the tournament. No trading is allowed outside these windows or during the tournament, but replacements can be signed before or during the event.
Other notable rules, as of the 2024 season, include:
- The salary cap of the entire squad have been allotted a purse of ₹120 crore each.60
- Under-19 players cannot be picked unless they have previously played first-class or List A cricket.61
Player contracts run for one year but can be extended by one or two years if the franchises take up the option. Since the 2014 season, player contracts have been denominated in the Indian rupee, before which the contracts were in the US dollar. Overseas players can be remunerated in the currency of the player's choice, at the exchange rate on either the contract due date or the actual payment date.62 Before the 2014 season, Indian domestic players were not included in the player auction pool. They could be signed up by franchises at a discrete amount while a fixed sum of ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) to ₹30 lakh (US$35,000) would be deducted per signing from the franchise's salary purse. This received significant opposition from franchise owners, who complained richer franchises were "luring players with under-the-table deals." The IPL later decided to include domestic players in the player auction.63
The BCCI give 10% of foreign players' salaries to their country's national cricket board.64
Based on a 2024 report by Forbes India, the average IPL salary among the top 10 highest-paid players is ₹12.37 crore,65 the second-highest of sports leagues in the world. Because players in the IPL are contracted only for the duration of the tournament – less than two months – the weekly IPL salaries are extrapolated pro data to obtain an average annual salary, unlike other sports leagues in which players are contracted by a single team for the entire year.66
According to a report by The Telegraph, IPL players are paid 18% of the revenue, which is the lowest amount compared to other major sports leagues, in which players receive at least 50% of the revenue. The Federation of International Cricketers' Associations said that IPL players must be paid fairly.676869
Prize money
The 2022 season of the IPL offered total prize money of ₹46.5 crore (equivalent to ₹49 crore or US$5.8 million in 2023), with the winning team netting ₹20 crore (equivalent to ₹21 crore or US$2.5 million in 2023) and the second-placed team ₹13 crore (equivalent to ₹14 crore or US$1.6 million in 2023).7071 League rules mandate that half of any prize money must be distributed amongst the franchise's players.72 Royal Challengers Bengaluru won their first IPL title in 2025, receiving ₹20 crore, while runners-up Punjab Kings earned ₹12 crore.73
Rules and format
The IPL has several rules which vary from the established laws of cricket or those used in other Twenty20 leagues:
- IPL games incorporate television timeouts. Each team is given a two-and-a-half-minute "strategic time-out" during each innings. One must be taken by the bowling team at the end of either 6th, 7th, 8th or 9th over and the other by the batting team at the end of either 13th, 14th, 15th or 16th over. A penalty may be imposed if umpires find teams misusing this privilege.74
- Since the 2018 season, the Decision Review System (DRS) has been used in all IPL matches, allowing each team two opportunities in each innings to review an on-field umpire's decision.75 From the 2023 season, this was extended to allow the review of wides and no-balls.76
- If the bowling team does not complete its overs in the allocated time, it may place only four fielders outside of the fielding restrictions circle for the remainder of the innings,77 or the match referee may impose financial sanctions on the bowling team after the match, with players fined a proportion of their match fee.78
- Teams can use a substitute, termed an "impact player", from a list of five players named as possible substitutes. The substitution can be made before the start of the innings, when a wicket falls, when a batter retires or at the end of an over. Both teams can introduce a substitute once per match.7980
- Teams can declare their playing eleven to the match referee before or after the toss.81
- A five-run penalty is imposed if a fielder or wicket-keeper makes an unfair movement while the bowler is bowling and the ball is designated as dead ball.828384
- Teams can include a maximum of four overseas players in their playing eleven. If a team wants an overseas player as impact player, then it must include a maximum of three overseas players in their playing eleven.85
- Teams must include 25 players, with a maximum of eight overseas players.86
- From the 2024 season, bowlers will be allowed to deliver two bouncers an over. This change in playing conditions was trialled during the 2023–24 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, India's domestic T20 tournament.87
In most tournaments, the tournament consists of a round-robin group stage followed by a single-elimination knockout stage.
| Year | Teams | Matches | Format |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 8 | 59 | Round-robin tournament, semi-final, final |
| 2009 | 8 | 59 | |
| 2010 | 8 | 60 | Round-robin tournament, eliminator, 3rd place match, final |
| 2011 | 10 | 74 | Double Round-robin tournament, eliminator, 3rd place match, final |
| 2012 | 9 | 76 | Round-robin tournament, eliminator, 3rd place match, final |
| 2013 | 9 | 76 | |
| 2014 | 8 | 60 | Round-robin tournament, eliminator, 3rd place match, final |
| 2015 | 8 | 60 | |
| 2016 | 8 | 60 | |
| 2017 | 8 | 60 | |
| 2018 | 8 | 60 | |
| 2019 | 8 | 60 | |
| 2020 | 8 | 60 | |
| 2021 | 8 | 60 | |
| 2022 | 10 | 74 | Double Round-robin tournament, eliminator, 3rd place match, final |
| 2023 | 10 | 74 | |
| 2024 | 10 | 74 | |
| 2025 | 10 | 74 |
Teams
The IPL began in 2008 IPL with eight teams. Over the years, the league saw several team changes. Deccan Chargers, were terminated in 2012 due to financial issues and were replaced by Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2013. Kochi Tuskers Kerala debuted in 2011 but lasted only one season before being terminated for contract breaches. Pune Warriors India participated from 2011 IPL to 2013 IPL but withdrew due to financial disputes. In 2016, Chennai Super Kings (CSK) and Rajasthan Royals (RR) were suspended for two years due to the 2013 betting scandal, leading to the temporary inclusion of Rising Pune Supergiant and Gujarat Lions, both of which played in 2016 IPL and 2017 IPL before being dissolved when CSK and RR returned in 2018 IPL. In 2022 IPL, the league expanded again with the introduction of Gujarat Titans and Lucknow Super Giants, making it a ten-team tournament. Over time, some teams underwent rebranding, such as Delhi Daredevils becoming Delhi Capitals in 2019 and Kings XI Punjab rebranding as Punjab Kings in 2021. Chennai Super Kings and Mumbai Indians remain the most successful franchises, winning five IPL titles each.88 As of the 2025 season, the league consists of 10 teams.
Defunct teams
| Team | City | State | Home ground | Debut | Dissolved | Owner(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deccan Chargers | Hyderabad | Andhra Pradesh98 | Rajiv Gandhi Stadium | 2008 | 2012 | Deccan Chronicle |
| Kochi Tuskers Kerala | Kochi | Kerala | Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium | 2011 | 2012 | Rendezvous Sports World |
| Pune Warriors India | Pune | Maharashtra | MCA Stadium | 2011 | 2013 | Sahara India Pariwar |
| Rising Pune Supergiant | 2016 | 2018 | RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group | |||
| Gujarat Lions | Rajkot | Gujarat | Niranjan Shah Stadium | 2016 | 2018 | Intex Technologies |
Timeline of teams
Present teams Former teams Suspended
Players
IPL teams choose players through a structured auction process and retention rules. Before the auction, teams retain a few key players and can use the Right to Match (RTM) card to re-sign their former players. During the auction, players are listed with a base price, and franchises bid within their fixed budget to build a balanced squad of batters, bowlers, all-rounders, and wicketkeepers, ensuring they follow squad composition rules (minimum 18, maximum 25 players, with a limit of 8 overseas players). Teams rely on scouting networks to analyze player performance in domestic and international leagues, focusing on stats, fitness, and potential. If a player gets injured, teams can sign replacements from unsold players, and they also use a trading window to exchange players before and after the auction.
List of countries players who have played in Indian Premier League| Countries | Highest bidded player (year) | First | Last |
|---|---|---|---|
| India | Rishabh Pant - ₹27 crore (2025) | 2008 | 2025 |
| Australia | Mitchell Starc - ₹24.75 crore (2024) | 2008 | 2025 |
| England | Sam Curran - ₹18.5 crore (2023) | 2008 | 2025 |
| South Africa | Heinrich Klaasen - ₹23 crore (2025) | 2008 | 2025 |
| New Zealand | Kyle Jamieson - ₹25 crore (2021) | 2008 | 2025 |
| Pakistan | Shahid Afridi - ₹2.71 crore (2008) | 2008 | 2008 |
| Sri Lanka | Wanindu Hasaranga - ₹10.75 crore (2022) | 2008 | 2025 |
| Bangladesh | Mustafizur Rahman - ₹6 crore (2025) | 2008 | 2025 |
| West Indies | Nicholas Pooran - ₹16 crore (2023) | 2008 | 2025 |
| Zimbabwe | Sikander Raza - ₹50 lakh (2023) | 2008 | 2025 |
| Afghanistan | Noor Ahmad - ₹10 crore (2025) | 2017 | 2025 |
| Ireland | Josh Little - ₹4.4 crore (2023) | 2023 | 2023 |
| Netherlands | Dirk Nannes - ₹3.2 crore (2011) | 2011 | 2011 |
| United States | Ali Khan (replacement) (2020) | 2020 | 2020 |
| United Arab Emirates | Chirag Suri - ₹10 lakh (2017) | 2017 | 2017 |
| Namibia | David Wiese - ₹3 crore (2013) | 2015 | 2023 |
| Nepal | Sandeep Lamichhane- ₹10 lakh (2020) | 2020 | 2020 |
The IPL has several rules for an IPL Auction:
- Total Purse: For the 2025 IPL season, the total salary cap for each team is Rs. 120 crore.
- Minimum Spending: Each team must spend at least 75% of their total salary cap.
- Squad Size: Minimum: 18 players, Maximum: 25 players and Maximum: 8 overseas players
- Retention & Auction: Teams can retain some players before the auction (retention costs are deducted from the salary cap). Remaining salary cap is used in the auction to buy new players.99
Here is a table listing the most expensive player acquisitions in each Indian Premier League (IPL) season, along with their respective teams and purchase prices.
List of most expensive player in IPL Auction each yearTournament summary
Main articles: List of Indian Premier League seasons and results and List of Indian Premier League records and statistics
Chennai Super Kings and Mumbai Indians have each won five titles, the most in the tournament. Kolkata Knight Riders have won three titles,114 while Rajasthan Royals, Deccan Chargers, Sunrisers Hyderabad, Gujarat Titans and Royal Challengers Bengaluru have each won a single title.115116 The reigning champions are the Royal Challengers Bengaluru, who defeated the Punjab Kings by six runs in the 2025 IPL final to secure their first title.
| Team | Won | Runners Up | Playoffs Played | Seasons Played |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chennai Super Kings | 5 (2010, 2011, 2018, 2021, 2023) | 5 (2008, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2019) | 12 | 16 |
| Mumbai Indians | 5 (2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020) | 1 (2010) | 11 | 18 |
| Kolkata Knight Riders | 3 (2012, 2014, 2024) | 1 (2021) | 8 | 18 |
| Royal Challengers Bengaluru | 1 (2025) | 3 (2009, 2011, 2016) | 10 | 18 |
| Sunrisers Hyderabad | 1 (2016) | 2 (2018, 2024) | 7 | 13 |
| Rajasthan Royals | 1 (2008) | 1 (2022) | 6 | 16 |
| Gujarat Titans | 1 (2022) | 1 (2023) | 3 | 4 |
| Deccan Chargers † | 1 (2009) | 2 | 5 | |
| Punjab Kings | 2 (2014, 2025) | 3 | 18 | |
| Delhi Capitals | 1 (2020) | 6 | 18 | |
| Rising Pune Supergiant † | 1 (2017) | 1 | 2 | |
| Lucknow Super Giants | 2 | 4 | ||
| Gujarat Lions † | 1 | 2 | ||
| Pune Warriors India † | - | 3 | ||
| Kochi Tuskers Kerala † | - | 1 |
† Team now defunct
Editions and results
Performance by teams
Seasons
| Team | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chennai Super Kings | RU | SF | C | C | RU | RU | 3rd | RU | Suspended | C | RU | 7th | C | 9th | C | 5th | 10th | |
| Delhi Capitals | SF | SF | 5th | 10th | 3rd | 9th | 8th | 7th | 6th | 6th | 8th | 3rd | RU | 3rd | 5th | 9th | 6th | 5th |
| Gujarat Titans | – | C | RU | 8th | 4th | |||||||||||||
| Kolkata Knight Riders | 6th | 8th | 6th | 4th | C | 7th | C | 5th | 4th | 3rd | 3rd | 5th | 5th | RU | 7th | 7th | C | 8th |
| Lucknow Super Giants | – | 4th | 4th | 7th | 7th | |||||||||||||
| Mumbai Indians | 5th | 7th | RU | 3rd | 4th | C | 4th | C | 5th | C | 5th | C | C | 5th | 10th | 3rd | 10th | 3rd |
| Punjab Kings | SF | 5th | 8th | 5th | 6th | 6th | RU | 8th | 8th | 5th | 7th | 6th | 6th | 6th | 6th | 8th | 9th | RU |
| Rajasthan Royals | C | 6th | 7th | 6th | 7th | 3rd | 5th | 4th | Suspended | 4th | 7th | 8th | 7th | RU | 5th | 3rd | 9th | |
| Royal Challengers Bengaluru | 7th | RU | 3rd | RU | 5th | 5th | 7th | 3rd | RU | 8th | 6th | 8th | 4th | 4th | 3rd | 6th | 4th | C |
| Sunrisers Hyderabad | – | 4th | 6th | 6th | C | 4th | RU | 4th | 3rd | 8th | 8th | 10th | RU | 6th | ||||
| Defunct Teams | ||||||||||||||||||
| Deccan Chargers | 8th | C | 4th | 7th | 8th | – | ||||||||||||
| Kochi Tuskers Kerala | – | 8th | – | |||||||||||||||
| Pune Warriors India | – | 9th | 9th | 8th | – | |||||||||||||
| Gujarat Lions | – | 3rd | 7th | – | ||||||||||||||
| Rising Pune Supergiant | – | 7th | RU | – | ||||||||||||||
- Active teams are listed alphabetically. Defunct teams are listed by order of entry to the league, then alphabetically.
Champions Runners up Team won the 3rd place playoff; only took place in 2010 Team qualified for the playoffs or semi-final
Positions each season
Indicates winner Indicates runners-up Indicates qualified for playoffs
All time standings
As of 3 June 2025 Current teams| Team | Appearances | Best result | Statistics | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | First | Latest | Played | Won | Lost | Tied+W | Tied+L | NR | Win% | ||
| Chennai Super Kings | 16 | 2008 | 2025 | Champions (2010, 2011, 2018, 2021, 2023) | 239 | 138 | 98 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 57.74 |
| Mumbai Indians | 18 | 2008 | 2025 | Champions (2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020) | 261 | 142 | 115 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 54.40 |
| Kolkata Knight Riders | 18 | 2008 | 2025 | Champions (2012, 2014, 2024) | 252 | 130 | 117 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 52.40 |
| Rajasthan Royals | 16 | 2008 | 2025 | Champions (2008) | 222 | 110 | 106 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 50.91 |
| Sunrisers Hyderabad | 13 | 2013 | 2025 | Champions (2016) | 182 | 87 | 91 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 49.17 |
| Gujarat Titans | 4 | 2022 | 2025 | Champions (2022) | 45 | 28 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62.22 |
| Royal Challengers Bengaluru | 18 | 2008 | 2025 | Champions (2025) | 256 | 121 | 128 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 48.61 |
| Deccan Chargers | 5 | 2008 | 2012 | Champions (2009) | 75 | 29 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38.66 |
| Punjab Kings | 18 | 2008 | 2025 | Runners-up (2014, 2025) | 246 | 109 | 133 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 45.12 |
| Delhi Capitals | 18 | 2008 | 2025 | Runners-up (2020) | 252 | 112 | 134 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 44.44 |
| Rising Pune Supergiant | 2 | 2016 | 2017 | Runners-up (2017) | 30 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50.00 |
| Lucknow Super Giants | 4 | 2022 | 2025 | Eliminator (2022, 2023) | 44 | 24 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 54.54 |
| Gujarat Lions | 2 | 2016 | 2017 | Qualifier 2 (2016) | 30 | 13 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 45.00 |
| Pune Warriors India | 3 | 2011 | 2013 | Group Stage (2011, 2012, 2013) | 46 | 12 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 26.67 |
| Kochi Tuskers Kerala | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | Group Stage (2011) | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42.85 |
| Defunct team |
Records and statistics
Main article: List of Indian Premier League records and statistics
As of 3 June 2025| Batting records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Most runs | Virat Kohli (RCB) | 8,661 |
| Most fours | Virat Kohli (RCB) | 771 |
| Most sixes | Chris Gayle (RCB) | 357 |
| Most centuries | Virat Kohli (RCB) | 8 |
| Most half-centuries | Virat Kohli (RCB) | 63 |
| Most runs in a season | Virat Kohli (RCB) | 973 (2016) |
| Best strike rate | Phil Salt (RCB) | 175.71 |
| Highest score | Chris Gayle (RCB) | 175* vs Pune Warriors(23 April 2013) |
| Highest partnership | Virat Kohli and AB de Villiers (RCB) | 229 vs Gujarat Lions(14 May 2016) |
| Bowling records | ||
| Most wickets | Yuzvendra Chahal (MI/RCB/RR) | 221 |
| Best bowling figures | Alzarri Joseph (MI) | 6/12 vs Sunrisers Hyderabad(6 April 2019) |
| Most wickets in a season | Harshal Patel (RCB) | 32 (2021) |
| Dwayne Bravo (CSK) | 32 (2013) | |
| Fielding records | ||
| Most dismissals as a wicket-keeper | MS Dhoni (CSK/RPS) | 201 |
| Most catches as a fielder | Virat Kohli (RCB)117 | 117 |
| Team records | ||
| Highest total | Sunrisers Hyderabad | 287/3 (20) vs Royal Challengers Bengaluru(15 April 2024) |
| Lowest total | Royal Challengers Bengaluru | 49 (9.4) vs Kolkata Knight Riders(23 April 2017) |
Most appearances
As of 3 June 2025| Rank | Player | Team | Years active | Apps | Runs | Wkts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MS Dhoni | CSK, RPS | 2008–present | 278 | 5,439 | – |
| 2 | Rohit Sharma | DCH, MI | 2008–present | 272 | 7,046 | 15 |
| 3 | Virat Kohli | RCB | 2008–present | 267 | 8,661 | 4 |
| 4 | Dinesh Karthik | DD, GL, KKR, KXIP, MI, RCB | 2008–2024 | 257 | 4,842 | – |
| 5 | Ravindra Jadeja | CSK, GL, KTK, RR | 2008–present | 254 | 3,260 | 170 |
| 6 | Shikhar Dhawan | DC, DCH, MI, PBKS, SRH | 2008–2024 | 222 | 6,769 | 4 |
| 7 | R. Ashwin | CSK, DC, KXIP, RPS, RR | 2009–present | 221 | 833 | 187 |
| 8 | Suresh Raina | CSK, GL | 2008–2021 | 205 | 5,528 | 25 |
| 9 | Robin Uthappa | CSK, KKR, PWI, RCB, RR | 2008–2022 | 205 | 4,952 | – |
| 10 | Ambati Rayudu | CSK, MI | 2010–2023 | 204 | 4,348 | – |
- Source: Cricinfo118
- Currently active IPL players appear in boldface.
Prizes
Main article: List of Indian Premier League awards
Prize money
Starting with the 2025 season, the distribution of the prize money is as follows.
- Winner team: ₹20 crore (US$ 2.4 Million)
- Runner-up team: ₹12 crore (US$ 1.4 Million)
- Third-place team: ₹7 crore (US$ 0.83 Million)
- Fourth-place team: ₹6.5 crore (US$ 0.77 Million)
Fair Play Award
The Fair Play Award is given after each season to the team considered to have the best fair play record. After each match, the two on-field umpires and the third umpire score the performance of both teams, with the highest-scoring team at the end of the season receiving the award.119 The 2025 winners were Chennai Super Kings.
| Team | No. of Seasons won |
|---|---|
| Chennai Super Kings | 7 (2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2025) |
| Rajasthan Royals | 3 (2012, 2021, 2022) |
| Mumbai Indians | 2 (2018, 2020) |
| Sunrisers Hyderabad | 2 (2019, 2024) |
| Kings XI Punjab | 1 (2009) |
| Gujarat Lions | 1 (2017) |
| Gujarat Titans | 1 (2022) |
| Delhi Capitals | 1 (2023) |
Orange Cap
The Orange Cap is awarded to the highest run-scorer at the end of each season. It is an ongoing competition with the current highest-run scorer wearing the cap whilst fielding. The eventual winner keeps the cap for the season. Brendon McCullum was the first player to wear the Orange Cap and Shaun Marsh the inaugural winner of the award. Australian batsman David Warner has won the award three times, more than any other player.120 Virat Kohli of Royal Challengers Bengaluru, who scored 741 runs during the 2024 season, is the most recent winner of the award.121122
| No. of orange caps | Player (Season year) |
|---|---|
| 3 | David Warner (2015, 2017, 2019) |
| 2 | Chris Gayle (2011, 2012), Virat Kohli (2016, 2024) |
| 1 | Shaun Marsh (2008), Matthew Hayden (2009), Sachin Tendulkar (2010), Michael Hussey (2013), Robin Uthappa (2014), Kane Williamson (2018), KL Rahul (2020), Ruturaj Gaikwad (2021), Jos Buttler (2022), Shubman Gill (2023),Sai Sudharsan (2025). |
Purple Cap
The Purple Cap is awarded to the highest wicket-taker at the end of each season. It is an ongoing competition and the bowler who is the leading wicket-taker wears a purple cap whilst fielding. The eventual winner keeps the cap for the season. Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Dwayne Bravo are the only players to have won the award twice.123124 Harshal Patel of Punjab Kings who took 24 wickets during the 2024 season, is the most recent winner of the award.
Most Valuable Player
The Most Valuable Player award, formerly called the "Man of the Tournament" until the 2012 season, is awarded using a ratings system introduced in 2013. Sunil Narine won the award in 2024.
Emerging Player Award
The Emerging Player Award was presented to the best under-19 player in 2008 and the best under-23 player in 2009 and 2010. In 2011 and 2012, the award was known as "Rising Star of the Year," and in 2013 the "Best Young Player of the Season." Since 2014, the award has been called the Emerging Player of the Year. Mustafizur Rahman is the only foreign player to win this award.125 The 2024 winner was Nitish Kumar Reddy.
Maximum Sixes Award
The Maximum Sixes Award is presented to the player who hits the most sixes at the end of the season.126
Finances
See also: List of professional sports leagues by revenue
Title sponsorship
Title sponsorship fees127| Sponsor | Period | Estimated annual sponsorship fee |
|---|---|---|
| DLF | 2008–2012 | ₹40 crore (US$5 million) |
| Pepsi | 2013–2015 | ₹79 crore (US$9 million) |
| Vivo | 2016–2017 | ₹100 crore (US$12 million) |
| 2018–2019, 2021 | ₹440 crore (US$52 million) | |
| Dream11 | 2020 | ₹222 crore (US$26 million) |
| TATA | 2022–2023 | ₹335 crore (US$40 million) |
| 2024–2028 | ₹500 crore (US$59 million)128 |
From 2008 to 2012, the IPL title sponsor was DLF, a real estate developer, which bid ₹200 crore (US$24 million).129 After 2012, PepsiCo bought the rights for ₹397 crore (US$47 million) for five seasons,130 but terminated the deal in 2015, two years before expiry, due to the two-season suspension of the Chennai and Rajasthan franchises.131 The BCCI transferred the rights for those two seasons to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for ₹200 crore (US$24 million).132
In 2017, Vivo retained the rights for 2018-22 with a winning bid of ₹2,199 crore (US$260 million).133134 In August 2020, Vivo canceled the rights due to a military stand-off between India and China.135 The withdrawal was also a result of Vivo's market losses due to the COVID pandemic; Vivo intended to return as sponsor for the following three years.136 Dream11 became sponsors for 2020 for ₹222 crore (equivalent to ₹261 crore or US$31 million in 2023).137 Vivo returned for 2021138 but withdrew again, and was replaced by the Tata Group for the next two seasons.139 InsideSport reported the BCCI would receive ₹498 crore (US$59 million) for the 2022-23 seasons from title sponsors. Vivo had agreed to pay a higher amount for the last two seasons of its contract due to the league's expansion from 2022. Due to the new deal's structure, Tata would pay ₹335 crore (US$40 million) per year while Vivo would pay the deficit of ₹163 crore (US$19 million).140141 Aramco bought the rights to advertise on the Purple and Orange caps in 2022.142
Payments to foreign national boards
The BCCI pays 10% of the auctioned value of players to their national cricket boards. In 2018, IPL chairman Rajiv Shukla said the IPL would double the amount paid to cricket boards that made their players available for an entire season.143 In 2022, the Australian Cricketers' Association expressed its unhappiness about this.144
Brand value
The IPL tournament rapidly grew in value between 2016-18. Experts valued it at US$4.2 billion in 2016, $5.3 billion in 2017 and $6.1 billion in 2018. A report from Duff & Phelps said a contributing factor was a television deal with Star India Private Limited, which engaged more viewers because the IPL was transmitted to regional channels in eight languages; under the previous deal, transmissions were limited to sports networks with English-language commentary.145146
In 2022, the IPL became a decacorn valued at US$11 billion, registering a 75% growth since 2020 when it was valued at $6.2 billion.147
Brand value| Team | Year | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||
| Brand value | Ref | Brand value | Ref | Brand value | Ref | Brand value | Ref | |
| Chennai Super Kings | $122M | 148 | $81M | 149 | $74M | 150151152 | $76M | 153 |
| Mumbai Indians | $119M | $87M | $83M | $80M | ||||
| Royal Challengers Bengaluru | $117M | $70M | $68M | $50M | ||||
| Kolkata Knight Riders | $109M | $79M | $77M | $66M | ||||
| Sunrisers Hyderabad | $85M | $48M | $49M | $52M | ||||
| Rajasthan Royals | $81M | $62M | $61M | $34M | ||||
| Delhi Capitals | $80M | $64M | $62M | $56M | ||||
| Gujarat Titans | $69M | $65M | $47M | N/A | ||||
| Punjab Kings | $68M | $45M | $45M | $36M | ||||
| Lucknow Super Giants | $60M | $47M | $32M | N/A | ||||
In 2022, the BCCI took insurance of ₹5,000 crore (US$590 million) for the IPL. This policy involves all stakeholders, including broadcasters, ancillary services providers, and sponsors. The BCCI is covered in case of revenue losses due to weather, riots, and unforeseen events.154
Broadcasting
Main article: Indian Premier League on television
The IPL has been India's most-watched sports property; JioCinema estimated that an average of 620 million viewers watched part of the 2024 Indian Premier League overall, with at least 350 billion minutes streamed across the tournament.155 The 2025 final was seen on Star Sports by 169 million viewers, making it the most-watched cricket broadcast to-date on linear television.156
Currently, domestic media rights are held by JioStar, under contracts originally awarded in 2022 to its corporate predecessors Disney Star and Viacom18; coverage is carried via its streaming service JioHotstar, and the Star Sports pay television networks.157158 The main packages for domestic television and digital rights were collectively valued at around US$6.2 billion (more than double the value of the previous contract), causing the IPL to overtake the Premier League in English football as the second highest-valued sports media property worldwide, behind only the National Football League (US$111 billion).159160161162
The IPL's media rights were originally held from 2008 to 2017 by Sony Pictures Networks (domestic) and World Sport Group (international) under a ten-year contract valued at US$1.03 billion.163164 Coverage was split between SPN channels such as Sony Max (which primarily carried coverage in the Hindi language), Sony Six (Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Kannada and Telugu), and Sony ESPN (English).165 SPN also produced Extraaa Innings T20, an aftershow that combined post-match analysis with entertainment features such as celebrity guests and interviews.166167
The media rights were then held by Star India from 2018 to 2022, under a contract valued at US$2.55 billion—which, at the time, was the highest-valued broadcast rights contract in the history of cricket. Star Sports would hold the pay television rights, while Disney+ Hotstar held the digital rights.168169170171 In 2022, Disney Star lost the digital rights to a consortium of Reliance Industries and Viacom18 (which would stream the IPL for free via their streaming service JioCinema),172 while maintaining the pay television rights for Star Sports. The loss of IPL rights notably contributed to Disney losing 2.4 million Disney+ subscribers worldwide in fiscal Q4 2022.173174
List of broadcasters
| Territory | Channels | Years |
|---|---|---|
| India | Star Sports 1 Star Sports 1 Hindi Star Sports 1 KannadaStar Sports 1 Tamil Star Sports 1 Telugu HDStar GoldStar Bharat Star Utsav Movies Star Jalsa Movies Star Maa MoviesStar Suvarna Plus Star Vijay SuperColors TamilAsianet Movies | 2024–2027 |
| JioHotstar (Digital) | 2024–2027 | |
| Afghanistan | ATN HDATN News HD | 2024 |
| Ariana Television (Digital) | 2024 | |
| Australia | Foxtel Fox CricketKayo Sports | 2023–present175 |
| Kayo Freebies (Digital) | 2023–present176 | |
| Bangladesh | T Sports HD | 2024 |
| T Sports APP | 2024 | |
| Indonesia | Vidio (Digital) | 2023177 |
| New Zealand | Colors TV | 2024–present |
| Nepal | Kantipur Max | 2025 |
| Pakistan | Tapmad APP | 2024 |
| Ireland | Sky SportsDAZN | 2023–present |
| United Kingdom | ||
| South Africa | SuperSport | 2023178 |
| Sri Lanka | Star Sports 1 Star Sports 1 HD Star Sports 2 Star Sports Select HD 1 Star Sports Select HD 2 | |
| Supreme TV | 2023–present | |
| SandBrix (Digital) | 2025 | |
| United States | Willow TV | 2023179 |
| Middle East and North Africa | Times Internet | 2023180 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | SuperSport | 2021–present |
Controversies
IPL spot-fixing and betting
In the 2012 IPL spot-fixing case, the BCCI gave a lifetime ban to Deccan Chargers player TP Sudhindra and suspended four other players.181 In a sting operation, Pune Warriors India player Mohnish Mishra was recorded stating that IPL franchise owners pay their players through black money. Mishra later apologized for his incorrect statement.182183 On 20 May 2012, police detained Rahul Sharma and Wayne Parnell when they were caught during a raid at a rave party in a suburb of Mumbai; both the players denied taking drugs or drinking alcohol.184 However, it was later proven that in reality, they had taken banned drugs after police tested their urine and blood samples in a lab.185
In the 2013 IPL spot-fixing and betting case, Delhi police arrested players Ajit Chandila, Ankeet Chavan and S. Sreesanth on allegations of spot-fixing; they received a lifetime ban from the BCCI. The police also arrested Gurunath Meiyappan, Chennai Super Kings' team principal and son-in-law of then BCCI president N. Srinivasan, for illegally betting on IPL matches and passing team information to bookmakers.186187
The Lodha Committee, appointed by the Supreme Court of India, banned Rajasthan Royals (RR) and Chennai Super Kings (CSK) for two years. CSK's team principal, Gurunath Meiyappan, was found guilty of betting and bringing the IPL and the game into disrepute. After this, the BCCI banned Meiyappan from involving in the game. Justice RM Lodha said that due to all this fixing-betting matter, the reputation of the game had been hurt quite grievously. "Disrepute has been brought to cricket, the BCCI and the IPL to such an extent that there are doubts abound in the public whether the game is clean or not," Justice Lodha said. He further elaborated on his committee's observations and said it had been proven beyond doubt that Meiyappan, CSK's team principal, was heavily involved in betting on his team.188
Strategic timeouts
In its Third season in 2010, the IPL administration brought a new rule: "strategic timeout" of seven minutes and fifty seconds duration in each inning. Franchises and Sachin Tendulkar disapproved of it. Many saw it as the BCCI's use of 'extended drinks break' to earn money; it faced widespread backlash.189190 Then-IPL president said that the rule is intended to allow teams to make strategies during the game. Still, critics disagreed with this argument and said that the strategic timeout is a way to generate money. Later, the BCCI reduced its duration but still applied it.191
These timeouts boost the IPL's revenue; every 10-second slot gets sold for ₹5 lakhs or more.192 Due to these timeouts, an IPL match halts four times for more than 10 minutes. As per Sunil Gavaskar, along with many other reasons, strategic timeouts delay the IPL matches, causing them to not end at the stipulated time of 3 hours and 10 minutes but rather after 4 hours.193 During the Super Giants versus Mumbai Indians eliminator game in 2023, he uttered on-air, "How many times batsmen get out after a strategic timeout," indicating that it plays a negative role in immediate fall of wickets by disrupting concentration of the batters.194
Some cricketers have criticized strategic timeouts for interrupting the flow of play. In the past, it even faced Public Interest Litigation (PIL) with the possibility that ST breaks were being used by bookies to connect with players. In the past, IPL's stakeholders admitted that STs are unavoidable because they provide the BCCI and broadcasters with additional time for more ads. In 2013, after a spot-fixing matter, then-president N. Srinivasan got sacked due to a pending inquiry, and Jagmohan Dalmia got appointed as interim president. Dalmia expressed openly that he wants to end STs and take other measures to restrain malpractices in the IPL.195
Incidents with players
In the 2008 edition, after a game, Harbhajan Singh, who was playing for Mumbai Indians, slapped S. Sreesanth. The IPL fined and banned him from the remaining entire edition. However, years later, he apologized to Sreesanth for it on TV and said that he was ashamed for doing it.196197
In a 2022 interview, Yuzvendra Chahal revealed two incidents of physical harassment that happened with him while he was with Mumbai Indians. In 2013, at a party of the team in a building, a drunken teammate took him to the balcony, overpowered him and hung him from the 15th floor of the building. Yuzvendra said he narrowly survived that day.198199200 In another incident, two teammates, including Andrew Symonds, tied him up, gagged his mouth and threw him into a hotel room. He remained alone in that room the entire night. When the hotel room service arrived in the morning, they untied his hands and legs.201 He did not reveal the names of the offenders involved in the first incident. Reacting to these revelations, Virender Sehwag expressed that he wanted Yuzvendra to reveal the offender's name, and furious Ravi Shastri expressed that the offender should be banned.202203
In 2010, the BCCI banned Ravindra Jadeja from the IPL for one year after he violated the IPL guidelines by not signing a renewal contract with his team Rajasthan Royals, and instead negotiated a more lucrative contract with other teams through the back door.204
Rajasthan Royals ownership dispute
In 2010, the BCCI president Shashank Manohar stated in a press conference that the IPL Governing Council did not know the true identities of the owners of the Rajasthan Royals (RR) and Kings XI Punjab (KXIP).205 Amid the controversy, Shilpa Shetty stated via Twitter that she was a proprietor of the RR.206 Manohar revealed that during the franchise bidding process, only Preity Zinta had initially come forward to bid for the KXIP.207 Zinta subsequently formed a company and signed a franchise agreement with the BCCI; however, it was later revealed she did not hold any shares in her name within that company.208 Manohar alleged that Shetty and Zinta may have violated their agreements, as prior permission from the BCCI was mandatory before transferring ownership shares to other individuals.209
N. Srinivasan's ownership of CSK
In 2010, an e-mail leaked in Indian media, according to an Economic Times article, said that former IPL president Lalit Modi helped then-BCCI president N. Srinivasan to buy Andrew Flintoff in the auction for his team Chennai Super Kings (CSK).210 Srinivasan was criticized for owning an IPL team due to his conflict of interests. Former BCCI president A. Muthiah filed a lawsuit against Srinivasan in the Supreme Court of India; he claimed that Srinivasan altered the BCCI's rules to allow himself to purchase a team. The Lodha Committee banned CSK from the IPL for two years when their team principal, Gurunath Meiyappan, was found guilty of betting and providing inside information to bookies.211 The supreme court criticized Srinivasan for buying an IPL team while serving as the BCCI president; a judge commented, "How can a BCCI chief own a team?"212 However, he still owns the team and his daughter Rupa Gurunath often appears in stadiums during CSK's games.
Australian players' dispute with their board
Due to the BCCI giving one-tenth of foreign players' salaries to their respective countries' national cricket boards, a dispute between Australian cricketers and Cricket Australia started. The Australian Cricketers' Association also opposed the arrangement.213
Shashi Tharoor and Sunanda Pushkar's sweat equity in RSW
In 2010, the IPL president revealed that Sunanda Pushkar, wife of the Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor, had sweat equity shares in Rendezvous Sports World (RSW), the proprietor of Kochi Tuskers Kerala. The opposition party BJP agitated against the Indian National Congress. Later, it was revealed that Pushkar had equity worth ₹70 crore in RSW. Tharoor offered to leave his equity, but many within the Congress party felt that by doing this, Tharoor pleaded guilty. Due to pressure, the Congress party demanded his resignation. He was the first minister of the United Progressive Alliance 2 who got slammed for his illegal moves.214
Slow over rates
Field umpires sometimes penalize teams by restricting them to having only four fielders outside the 30-yard area, or match referees penalize captains and team members by reducing their match fees, but these measures have not solved the problem. Games often run at a slow speed and finish late. During the 2024 season, Rishabh Pant, captain of Delhi Capitals, and Shubman Gill of Gujarat Titans were fined ₹12 lakhs each for their teams' slow over rates during matches against Chennai Super Kings.215 Millions of viewers feel that IPL matches should be fast-paced.216
Negative impact on international cricket
Former India captain Kapil Dev claimed that there was an increasing risk of injury to Indian players from playing in the IPL. He felt that some players avoided the national team's matches but appeared in all of their IPL fixtures.217
Security Issues
During the IPL season of 2009, the then UPA Government refused to provide security by the Indian paramilitary forces, due to the Lok Sabha elections, further complicated by the attack on Sri Lankan cricket team in Pakistan on 3 March 2009.218 As a result of this, the BCCI shifted the season to South Africa.219
A similar situation occurred during the 2014 season due to the 2014 elections, as then Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde declined to provide security.220 However, due to different schedule, the tournament was jointly hosted by India and the United Arab Emirates, and the opening 20 matches were held in the UAE at three different stadiums in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah, with the tournament returning to India on 2 May.221
On 9 May 2025, IPL 2025 was suspended for one week caused by the India-Pakistan border tensions, which resulted from the Pahalgam terrorist attack. The decision was taken by the IPL Governing Council after consulting all relevant stakeholders.222223 The geopolitical tensions caused by the conflict led to closure of several airports in North India, following which the Indian Railways organized special Vande Bharat trains for players on the request of BCCI.224
Exclusion of Pakistani and Bangladeshi players
Following the November 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai by Pakistan-based terrorist group Lashkar-e-Taiba, geopolitical tensions surged between India and Pakistan. The aftermath of the attack led to the unofficial exclusion of Pakistani players from playing in the IPL, as none of them were picked by any team during the 2009 IPL auction.225 While they had been selected by several teams for the inaugural IPL season (2008), their contracts were terminated before the 2009 edition. This situation endured "due to political tensions".226 Among the critics of the BCCI and IPL owners was retired cricketer and former Pakistan prime minister Imran Khan, who stated that they "take it out on Pakistan players". He accused the BCCI of "arrogance" but also stated that "Pakistan should not worry about it".227 Certain Pakistani players expressed disappointment about not getting an opportunity to be a part of the IPL.228229
During the 2025 IPL auction on 24 and 25 November 2024 at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 13 Bangladeshi players were registered, out of which 12 were auctioned.230 However, none of the players were sold, prompting a backlash from Bangladeshi fans and cricketers.231 After the auction concluded, the exclusion of Bangladeshi players was largely supported by Indians following the violence against Hindus in Bangladesh in the aftermath of resignation of Sheikh Hasina on August 5, 2024.232
See also
- Cricket portal
- Cricket in India
- Sport in India – overview of Indian sports culture
- List of cricket leagues in India
- List of professional sports leagues in India
Notes
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indian Premier League.References
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Denotes minority stakes ↩
Denotes minority stakes ↩
Denotes minority stakes ↩
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