Disperse dye is a category of synthetic dye intended for polyester and related hydrophobic fibers. Disperse dyes are polar molecules containing anthraquinone or azo groups. It is estimated that 85% of disperse dyes are azos or anthraquinone dyes.
History
The history of disperse dye production is closely related to the synthesis of cellulose acetate fibres. Disperse dyes were invented in 1923-24.3
Fundamentals of dyeing
Disperse dyes are non-ionic in nature and partially soluble in water. The interaction of dye molecule and polymer takes place with Van der Waals and dipole forces.4 Disperse dyes have better diffusion at boiling to a higher temperature.5
Examples
- Disperse Blue dyes, especially 106 and 124, are common causes of contact allergy.6
- Disperse Orange 1 is an azo dye.
- Disperse Red 9 is a red dye derived from anthraquinone.
- Disperse Red 11, also called C.I. 62015 and 1,4-diamino-2-methoxy anthraquinone, is another anthraquinone dye.
- Disperse Red 60 is also an anthraquinone dye.
- Disperse Yellow 26 is a yellow disperse dye.
- Disperse Yellow 42 is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of aniline with 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride.
References
"Dyeing Polyester with Disperse Dye". http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/dispersedye.shtml ↩
Hamprecht, Rainer; Westerkamp, Aloys (2000). "Disperse Dyes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_565. ISBN 3527306730. 3527306730 ↩
Clark, M. (2011-10-25). Handbook of Textile and Industrial Dyeing: Principles, Processes and Types of Dyes. Elsevier. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-85709-397-4. 978-0-85709-397-4 ↩
"Disperse Dye - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2020-12-28. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/disperse-dye ↩
Lewin, Menachem; Pearce, Eli M. (1998-02-26). Handbook of Fiber Chemistry, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-8247-9471-2. 978-0-8247-9471-2 ↩
Malinauskiene, Laura; Bruze, Magnus; Ryberg, Kristina; Zimerson, Erik; Isaksson, Marléne (February 2013). "Contact allergy from disperse dyes in textiles: a review". Contact Dermatitis. 68 (2): 65–75. doi:10.1111/cod.12001. ISSN 1600-0536. PMID 23289879. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23289879 ↩