• Images
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General

General information on webmail providers and products

Supported protocols

Digital rights

See also: Comparison of web search engines § Digital rights, PRISM (surveillance program), Internet privacy, and digital rights

Verification

How much information users must provide to verify and complete the registration when opening an account (green means less personal information requested):

Secure delivery

Features to reduce the risk of third-party tracking and interception of the email content; measures to increase the deliverability of correct outbound messages.

Other

Unique features

Features

See also

• Internet portal

• Comparison of web search engines - often merged with webmail by companies that host both services

References

1. "A Brief Guide to the Tumultuous 30-Year History of AOL". Time. Retrieved November 8, 2020. https://time.com/3857628/aol-1985-history/ ↩

2. Wenzel, Elsa. "AOL Mail offering unlimited storage, integrated chatting". CNET. Retrieved November 8, 2020. https://www.cnet.com/news/aol-mail-offering-unlimited-storage-integrated-chatting/ ↩

3. Heinz Tschabitscher; Tschabitscher, services since 1997 our editorial process Heinz. "How Big Can Attachments Be for AIM Mail and AOL Mail?". Lifewire. Retrieved November 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) https://www.lifewire.com/aim-mail-aol-mail-attachment-size-limits-1170888 ↩

4. "How Do I Change the Language on Aol?". gethuman.com. March 25, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020. https://answers.gethuman.com/AOL/How-Do-I-Change-the-Language-on-Aol/how-e-M ↩

5. "Manage your AOL username". help.aol.com/. Retrieved February 23, 2024. https://help.aol.com/articles/account-management-managing-your-aol-username ↩

6. "A brief history of Fastmail". fastmail.help. Retrieved February 18, 2021. https://www.fastmail.help/hc/en-us/articles/360058753214-A-brief-history-of-Fastmail ↩

7. "Pricing | Fastmail". www.fastmail.com. https://www.fastmail.com/pricing/us/ ↩

8. "Pricing | Fastmail". www.fastmail.com. https://www.fastmail.com/pricing/us/ ↩

9. "Fastmail account limits". Archived from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20190303091040/https://www.fastmail.com/help/account/limits.html ↩

10. "Account limits". Fastmail. Retrieved February 22, 2024. https://www.fastmail.help/hc/en-us/articles/1500000277382-Account-limits ↩

11. "Help Center: Other". Fastmail. https://www.fastmail.help/hc/en-us/articles/1500001969861 ↩

12. Gmail is part of the Google Account, therefore a Google account is required. But a Google Account doesn't require Gmail and can be used with other mail providers /wiki/Gmail ↩

13. Gayomali, Chris (April 2014). "When Gmail Launched On April 1, 2004, People Thought It Was A Joke". fastcompany.com. Retrieved February 18, 2021. https://www.fastcompany.com/3028513/when-gmail-launched-on-april-1-2004-people-thought-it-was-a-joke ↩

14. "Compare Flexible Pricing Plan Options | Google Workspace". workspace.google.com. https://workspace.google.com/pricing.html ↩

15. "Gmail Features". https://www.gmail.com/intl/en/mail/help/features.html ↩

16. "Gmail: Maximum attachment size". Google Inc. https://support.google.com/mail/answer/6584 ↩

17. "Send Google Drive attachments in Gmail - Computer - Gmail Help". https://support.google.com/mail/answer/2480713 ↩

18. "Add or delete an alternate email address (email alias) - Google Workspace Admin Help". support.google.com. Retrieved February 23, 2024. https://support.google.com/a/answer/33327?hl=en ↩

19. Hintergrund und GeschichteArchived 2012-05-27 at the Wayback Machine https://www.gmx.net/presse/geschichte.html ↩

20. GMX FreeMail Archived 2012-03-06 at the Wayback Machine https://service.gmx.net/de/cgi/g.fcgi/products/mail/freemail ↩

21. "GMX mail storage solution". www.gmx.com. https://www.gmx.com/mail/storage/ ↩

22. "Attachments". support.gmx.com. https://support.gmx.com/email/receiving-and-reading/attachments.html ↩

23. "Installing GMX Search for Windows". support.gmx.com. https://support.gmx.com/websearch/search-windows/search-windows.html ↩

24. Chen, Brian X. (June 17, 2020). "Tackling the Unsolvable Problem: The Bottomless Email Inbox". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 26, 2020 – via NYTimes.com. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/17/technology/personaltech/hey-email-service-screening.html ↩

25. "Two flavors, two prices". HEY. https://www.hey.com/pricing/ ↩

26. "Two flavors, two prices". HEY. https://www.hey.com/pricing/ ↩

27. "Send massive files without using other apps". hey.com. Retrieved November 8, 2021. https://www.hey.com/features/big-files/ ↩

28. "Frequently asked questions about HEY". HEY. https://www.hey.com/faqs/ ↩

29. "About Hushmail". hushmail.com. Retrieved February 18, 2021. https://www.hushmail.com/about/ ↩

30. "Hushmail for Personal Use". www.hushmail.com. https://www.hushmail.com/plans/personal/ ↩

31. "Maximum attachment size". Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20160317094051/https://help.hushmail.com/entries/250012-maximum-attachment-size ↩

32. Must be an Apple (iPod, iPad, &c.) owner to obtain an account, but works on Windows, as well. ↩

33. "Steve Jobs to unveil 'iCloud', Mac OS X Lion and iOS 5 at WWDC". the Guardian. May 31, 2011. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2011/may/31/steve-jobs-icloud-lion-ios5 ↩

34. 50 GB cost $0.99/month, 200 GB cost $2.99/month, or 2 TB cost $9.99/month[30][31] ↩

35. shared between file and email storage, customizable ratio ↩

36. "Mail Drop limits". Apple Support. Retrieved January 1, 2017. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT203093 ↩

37. "Add and manage email aliases for iCloud Mail on iCloud.com". Apple Support. Retrieved February 22, 2024. https://support.apple.com/en-ca/guide/icloud/mm6b1a490a/icloud ↩

38. "iCloud+ plans and pricing". Apple Support. February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201238 ↩

39. "How to turn off threaded conversations in… - Apple Community". discussions.apple.com. https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5912942 ↩

40. "Sign up for Kolab Now - Kolab Now". kolabnow.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. https://kolabnow.com/cockpit/signup/ ↩

41. "How much storage comes with my account? – Kolab Now". kb.kolabnow.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. https://kb.kolabnow.com/faq/how-much-storage-comes-with-my-account ↩

42. "End of free service FAQ: Lycos". lycos.freshdesk.com. Retrieved December 10, 2018. https://lycos.freshdesk.com/support/solutions/articles/29000021029-end-of-free-service-faq ↩

43. "Email pioneer mail.com celebrates 25 years of reliable service and unique domain names". www.mail.com. June 2, 2020. https://www.mail.com/blog/posts/25th-anniversary-press-release/6/ ↩

44. "65 GB of free email storage with mail.com". www.mail.com. https://www.mail.com/mail/email-storage/ ↩

45. "Attachments". support.mail.com. https://support.mail.com/email/receiving-and-reading/attachments.html ↩

46. "The mail.com Search for Windows". support.mail.com. https://support.mail.com/websearch/search-windows/search-windows.html ↩

47. Mail.Ru Group: Главная Archived July 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian) http://corp.mail.ru/history.html ↩

48. "Отправить файл в письме — Помощь по сервисам Mail.ru". help.mail.ru (in Russian). Retrieved March 8, 2024. https://help.mail.ru/mail/letters/attachments/send/ ↩

49. "Quantum Computers and Surveillance Capitalism are a Major Threat to Internet Privacy". financialit.net. January 29, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2020. https://financialit.net/content/quantum-computers-and-surveillance-capitalism-are-major-threat-internet-privacy ↩

50. Claudio R. (February 27, 2019). "Mailfence Review – Secure & Private Email Service". anonymster.com. Retrieved February 27, 2019. https://anonymster.com/mailfence-review-secure-email/ ↩

51. "Secure and private email | Mailfence encrypted email service". Mailfence. https://mailfence.com/ ↩

52. "Mailfence announces Ultra storage plan". December 10, 2019. https://blog.mailfence.com/mailfence-ultra-plan/ ↩

53. "Secure and private email | Mailfence encrypted email service". Mailfence. https://mailfence.com/ ↩

54. "Are there any email sending limits?". kb.mailfence.com. Retrieved January 15, 2020. https://kb.mailfence.com/kb/sending-limit/ ↩

55. "Mailfence Home Page". mailfence.com. September 16, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2022. https://mailfence.com/ ↩

56. "Plans". Mailfence.com. Retrieved May 9, 2018. https://mailfence.com/en/index.jsp#plans ↩

57. Outlook mail is part of a Microsoft Account. Although microsoft account is not a requirement, to access account settings, it has to be through done through the microsoft account. Login and sign up is always done through login.live.com domain /wiki/Outlook.com ↩

58. "Sabeer Bhatiya, Los Angeles, Large Indian Company, Scott Mc Nealy MBA'80, Steve Wozniak and Marc Andreesen, Sabeer Bhatiya: The founder of "Hotmail.com": Is He Great or Is He Lucky..., Sabeer Bhatiya, Los Angeles, Large Indian Company, Scott Mc Nealy MBA'80, Steve Wozniak and Marc Andreesen, Apple Computers, Jack Smith, American Online account, web - HOTMAIL, Microsoft's financial muscles". February 10, 2007. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20070210043942/http://4to40.com/legends/print.asp?id=131 ↩

59. "Why is Hotmail changing its name?". BBC News. Retrieved July 18, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/technology-19079657 ↩

60. "Storage limits in Outlook.com". December 18, 2017. https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Storage-limits-in-Outlook-com-7ac99134-69e5-4619-ac0b-2d313bba5e9e ↩

61. "Compare Outlook.com". Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/outlook-com/compare/ ↩

62. Rochefort, Mathilde (August 10, 2021). "Avis Posteo: que vaut la messagerie chiffrée allemande ?". Clubic (in French). Archived from the original on April 3, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022. https://www.clubic.com/messagerie/avis-384552-avis-posteo-que-vaut-la-messagerie-chiffree-allemande-.html ↩

63. "Email green, secure, simple and ad-free - posteo.de - About Posteo". posteo.de. April 2, 2022. Archived from the original on April 3, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022. https://posteo.de/en/site/about_posteo ↩

64. "Email green, secure, simple and ad-free - posteo.de - Features". posteo.de. https://posteo.de/en/site/features#featurespayment ↩

65. "Email green, secure, simple and ad-free - posteo.de - Features". posteo.de. Retrieved February 22, 2024. https://posteo.de/en/site/features#featuresemail ↩

66. Creation of Proton Mail automatically creates a Proton Account /wiki/Proton_Mail ↩

67. "Proton turns 7". May 19, 2021. https://proton.me/blog/proton-seven-year-reflection ↩

68. Team, Proton (December 10, 2021). "Get started with Proton Mail and increase your storage for free". Proton Blog. Retrieved December 14, 2021. https://proton.me/blog/get-started-ma ↩

69. "Proton Mail - Sign Up". Retrieved December 31, 2016. https://proton.me/pricing ↩

70. "Attachment and email size limits". Proton. Retrieved May 26, 2024. https://proton.me/support/attaching-multiple-documents-to-a-message ↩

71. Team, Proton (February 20, 2023). "Proton - Privacy by default". Proton Mail. Retrieved February 20, 2023. https://proton.me ↩

72. "Create a free email account or choose a paid plan". Proton. Retrieved February 22, 2024. https://proton.me/mail/pricing ↩

73. "Tuta - Who we are". Tuta. Retrieved January 25, 2024. https://tuta.com/team/ ↩

74. "Free Email Providers". March 2024. https://tuta.com/blog/best-free-email-accounts ↩

75. "Create a free email account today". Tutanota. https://tuta.com/pricing ↩

76. "Tuta Pricing". August 2020. https://tuta.com/pricing ↩

77. "Tuta FAQ". August 2020. https://tuta.com/support/#maximum-email-size ↩

78. "Create a free email account today". Tuta. Retrieved February 22, 2024. https://tuta.com/pricing ↩

79. Tutanota Support (May 9, 2017). "External IMAP/POP3 connection". Tuta Support. Archived from the original on April 10, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410085857/https://tutanota.uservoice.com/forums/237921-general/suggestions/6895110-external-imap-pop3-connection ↩

80. "Yahoo! Expands Community Services with Free E-mail" (Press release). Yahoo!. October 8, 1997. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070712045957/http://docs.yahoo.com/docs/pr/release124.html ↩

81. Yahoo! Mail announced gratis 1 TB of storage space for all its members, in October 2013.[74] ↩

82. "How do I use Dropbox with Yahoo Mail?". https://www.dropbox.com/help/973/ ↩

83. "Ad-free email and a whole lot more with Yahoo Mail Plus - Sign up". www.yahoo.com. Retrieved February 22, 2024. https://www.yahoo.com/plus/mail ↩

84. "Turn Conversations on or off in the Yahoo Mail app | Yahoo Help - SLN26405". help.yahoo.com. http://help.yahoo.com/kb/SLN26405.html ↩

85. "Яндекс.Почта — бесплатная почта с web-интерфейсом". Yandex. https://yandex.ru/company/news/2000-06-26_00 ↩

86. "How to Open a Yandex.Mail Account". https://www.lifewire.com/get-free-yandex-account-1170779 ↩

87. "What is Yandex.Mail — Mail — Yandex.Support". Retrieved January 26, 2017. http://help.yandex.com/mail/?id=1114209 ↩

88. "Attach files to messages — Yandex.Help. Mail". Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140429211316/http://help.yandex.com/mail/letter/attach-files.xml ↩

89. But doesn't delete them off the server automatically, in contrast to standard POP3 operation. See https://yandex.com/support/mail/mail-clients.html#pop3 https://yandex.com/support/mail/mail-clients.html#pop3 ↩

90. "Zoho Mail Pricing & Editions - Free for 5 Users". Zoho. Retrieved October 24, 2022. https://www.zoho.com/mail/zohomail-pricing.html ↩

91. "POP/IMAP/Activesync no longer free?". https://help.zoho.com/portal/en/community/topic/zoho-free-tier-pop-imap-activesync-no-longer-free ↩

92. "Use POP or IMAP to sync AOL Mail on a third-party app or download your email". Retrieved February 27, 2024. https://help.aol.com/articles/how-do-i-use-other-email-applications-to-send-and-receive-my-aol-mail ↩

93. "Opportunistic SSL/TLS encryption on outgoing emails". Fastmail. January 29, 2010. https://blog.fastmail.com/2010/01/29/opportunistic-ssltls-encryption-on-outgoing-emails/ ↩

94. Requires the user to enable a specific settings in Gmail account ("less secure apps") or, for 2FA-enabled accounts, to generate and use a separate "application password".[86] /wiki/2FA ↩

95. "Frequently asked questions about HEY". HEY. https://www.hey.com/faqs/ ↩

96. "Serious security". HEY. https://www.hey.com/security/ ↩

97. Must be an Apple (iPod, iPad, &c.) owner to obtain an account, but works on Windows, as well. ↩

98. "iCloud: Mail server settings for email clients". Retrieved January 26, 2017. https://support.apple.com/kb/HT4864 ↩

99. "iCloud: Mail server settings for email clients". Retrieved January 26, 2017. https://support.apple.com/kb/HT4864 ↩

100. "Generic IMAP Client Setup Guide – Kolab Now". kb.kolabnow.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. https://kb.kolabnow.com/documentation/generic-imap-client-setup-guide ↩

101. "Generic IMAP Client Setup Guide – Kolab Now". kb.kolabnow.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. https://kb.kolabnow.com/documentation/generic-imap-client-setup-guide ↩

102. "Generic IMAP Client Setup Guide – Kolab Now". kb.kolabnow.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. https://kb.kolabnow.com/documentation/generic-imap-client-setup-guide ↩

103. "Plans". Mailfence.com. Retrieved May 9, 2018. https://mailfence.com/en/index.jsp#plans ↩

104. "Plans". Mailfence.com. Retrieved May 9, 2018. https://mailfence.com/en/index.jsp#plans ↩

105. "This is how Mailfence provides a secure email service". mailfence.com. Retrieved April 19, 2019. https://mailfence.com/en/secure-email.jsp ↩

106. "Compare Outlook.com". Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/outlook-com/compare/ ↩

107. "Compare Outlook.com". Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/outlook-com/compare/ ↩

108. "Compare Outlook.com". Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/outlook-com/compare/ ↩

109. "Compare Outlook.com". Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/outlook-com/compare/ ↩

110. "Proton Mail IMAP/SMTP Bridge". Proton Mail. Retrieved February 19, 2020. https://proton.me/mail/bridge ↩

111. "Proton Mail IMAP/SMTP Bridge". Proton Mail. Retrieved February 19, 2020. https://proton.me/mail/bridge ↩

112. "Thunderbird IMAP with SSL without SSL". support.rediff.com. July 10, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2023. https://support.rediff.com/thunderbird-imap-with-ssl-without-ssl/ ↩

113. "Thunderbird IMAP with SSL without SSL". support.rediff.com. July 10, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2023. https://support.rediff.com/thunderbird-imap-with-ssl-without-ssl/ ↩

114. "Tutanota FAQ". Retrieved August 16, 2021. https://tuta.com/support/#imap ↩

115. Also can be used on non-mobile devices via third-party software.[94] ↩

116. "How to secure Yahoo Mail Web sessions with SSL". CNET. January 14, 2013. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-secure-yahoo-mail-web-sessions-with-ssl/ ↩

117. "POP/IMAP/Activesync no longer free?". https://help.zoho.com/portal/en/community/topic/zoho-free-tier-pop-imap-activesync-no-longer-free ↩

118. Required only when abuse detected through undisclosed factors ↩

119. "GMX Help & Contact". hilfe.gmx.net (in German). Retrieved March 29, 2019. https://hilfe.gmx.net/account/logindaten/registrierung.html ↩

120. "GMX Help & Contact". hilfe.gmx.net (in German). Retrieved March 29, 2019. https://hilfe.gmx.net/account/logindaten/registrierung.html ↩

121. "The 5 Best Secure Email Services for 2018". Lifewire. Retrieved August 18, 2018. https://www.lifewire.com/best-secure-email-services-4136763 ↩

122. "The 5 Best Secure Email Services for 2018". Lifewire. Retrieved August 18, 2018. https://www.lifewire.com/best-secure-email-services-4136763 ↩

123. May required to be given. Currently mandatory verification is not enforced to everyone signing up but could be asked later on. When accessing microsoft account through outlook, it does ask for verification of atleast one method. If not using microsoft but only outlook, then not required[citation needed] /wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed ↩

124. May required to be given. Currently mandatory verification is not enforced to everyone signing up but could be asked later on. When accessing microsoft account through outlook, it does ask for verification of atleast one method. If not using microsoft but only outlook, then not required[citation needed] /wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed ↩

125. Under normal circumstances email or sms verification is not required in Proton Mail. It may be required if trying to create multiple accounts, if using some Tor exit IPs, among other undisclosed factors.[98] ↩

126. Under normal circumstances email or sms verification is not required in Proton Mail. It may be required if trying to create multiple accounts, if using some Tor exit IPs, among other undisclosed factors.[98] ↩

127. Yandex mail accounts can be created anonymously. However after approximately 2 months of usage all of a sudden on login Yandex says that your account seems to be hacked (which is not true), and in order to improve security you are not permitted to log in unless you provide a phone number.[99] ↩

128. Additional notes like usage of DMARC, ARC /wiki/DMARC ↩

129. Ability to use STARTTLS over SMTP ↩

130. Verified with https://starttls-everywhere.org/ or other https://starttls-everywhere.org/ ↩

131. Sydney Li; Bennett Cyphers (January 9, 2019). "(Don't) Return to Sender: How to Protect Yourself From Email Tracking". https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/01/stop-tracking-my-emails ↩

132. SPF is configured and outbound mail passes SPF test from default webmail and SMTP ↩

133. Outbound mail has a default DKIM signature by default ↩

134. "Google transparency report for safer email". Retrieved April 12, 2020. https://transparencyreport.google.com/safer-email/overview?encrypt_region_table=encryption_level:RED;region:001&lu=encrypt_region_table ↩

135. "Getting STARTTLS Everywhere". Fastmail blog. June 27, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2022. https://fastmail.blog/advanced/lets-starttls-everywhere/ ↩

136. "Getting STARTTLS Everywhere". Fastmail blog. June 27, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2022. https://fastmail.blog/advanced/lets-starttls-everywhere/ ↩

137. "Fastmail Keeps You Safe From Spy Pixels". Fastmail blog. February 26, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2021. https://fastmail.blog/privacy-security/fastmail-keeps-you-safe-from-spy-pixels/ ↩

138. "SPF, DKIM & DMARC: email anti-spoofing technology history and future". Fastmail Blog. December 24, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2021. https://fastmail.blog/advanced/spf-dkim-dmarc/ ↩

139. Sydney Li; Bennett Cyphers (January 9, 2019). "(Don't) Return to Sender: How to Protect Yourself From Email Tracking". https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/01/stop-tracking-my-emails ↩

140. "Gmail uses a proxy to serve images in emails, the privacy tester reveals that using Gmail won't actually protect you from pixel tracking (though it will mask your IP address)"[100] ↩

141. "Google Announces DMARC Implementation Plan". www.socketlabs.com. October 20, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2021. https://www.socketlabs.com/blog/gmail-announces-dmarc-implementation/ ↩

142. Must be an Apple (iPod, iPad, &c.) owner to obtain an account, but works on Windows, as well. ↩

143. "Google transparency report for safer email". Retrieved April 12, 2020. https://transparencyreport.google.com/safer-email/overview?encrypt_region_table=encryption_level:GREEN&lu=encrypt_region_table&encrypt_region=region:001 ↩

144. "Google transparency report for safer email". Retrieved April 12, 2020. https://transparencyreport.google.com/safer-email/overview?encrypt_region_table=encryption_level:GREEN&lu=encrypt_region_table&encrypt_region=region:001 ↩

145. https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/security-privacy-article/ssl-tls-encryption-at-mailbox-org. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/security-privacy-article/ssl-tls-encryption-at-mailbox-org ↩

146. "EFF: STARTTLS everywhere". Retrieved February 12, 2020. https://starttls-everywhere.org/results/?mailfence.com ↩

147. "Harden your Mailfence account". May 5, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020. https://blog.mailfence.com/harden-mailfence-account/ ↩

148. "Mailfence Release Notes December 2019". December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2019. https://blog.mailfence.com/mailfence-release-notes-dec-2019/ ↩

149. "Mailfence now implements SPF (Sender Policy Framework)". July 22, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2015. https://blog.mailfence.com/mailfence-now-implements-spf-sender-policy-framework/ ↩

150. "Google transparency report for safer email". Retrieved April 12, 2020. https://transparencyreport.google.com/safer-email/overview?encrypt_region_table=encryption_level:GREEN&lu=encrypt_region_table&encrypt_region=region:001 ↩

151. Sydney Li; Bennett Cyphers (January 9, 2019). "(Don't) Return to Sender: How to Protect Yourself From Email Tracking". https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/01/stop-tracking-my-emails ↩

152. "Office 365 Enables ARC for Enhanced Anti-Spoofing Detection". Retrieved April 23, 2020. https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/office-365-enables-arc-for-enhanced-anti-spoofing-detection/ ↩

153. "Enhanced tracking protection". Protonmail. November 30, 2022. https://proton.me/support/email-tracker-protection ↩

154. "Google transparency report for safer email". Retrieved April 12, 2020. https://transparencyreport.google.com/safer-email/overview?encrypt_region_table=encryption_level:RED;region:001&lu=encrypt_region_table ↩

155. "Google transparency report for safer email". Retrieved April 12, 2020. https://transparencyreport.google.com/safer-email/overview?encrypt_region_table=encryption_level:RED;region:001&lu=encrypt_region_table ↩

156. "Yahoo email anti-spoofing policy breaks mailing lists". PCWorld. April 8, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2020. https://www.pcworld.com/article/2141120/yahoo-email-antispoofing-policy-breaks-mailing-lists.html ↩

157. This information can be verified by anyone with access to internet. Server locations play a role in an investigation and serve thereof for legal defense ↩

158. Statement cannot be verified to be actual true as the information is handled by servers not accessed by the public ↩

159. It is possible that users cannot log in if they don't enable cookies or JavaScript for the Tor browser. ↩

160. For services hosted by companies that also own web search engines: The results of ads are arranged for the user in accordance to his/her interests as determined from previous search queries or other information available to the search engine. ↩

161. Tracking the user is not necessarily bad faith behaviour – it has to be conducted in order to provide personalized search results[broken anchor]. ↩

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