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Alameda County, California
County in California, United States

Alameda County is a county in California, with a 2020 population of 1,682,353, ranking it 7th in the state and 21st nationally. Its county seat is Oakland, located in the San Francisco Bay Area, mainly covering the East Bay. The name “Alameda” comes from the Spanish word for a tree-lined street or grove of poplars, originally used for the Arroyo de la Alameda, now known as Alameda Creek. Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley Metropolitan Statistical Area and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland Combined Statistical Area.

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History

The county was formed on March 25, 1853, from a large portion of Contra Costa County and a smaller portion of Santa Clara County.

The county seat at the time of the county's formation was located at Alvarado, now part of Union City. In 1856, it was moved to San Leandro, where the county courthouse was destroyed by the devastating 1868 quake on the Hayward Fault. The county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn from 1872 to 1875. Brooklyn is now part of Oakland, which has been the county seat since 1873.

Much of what is now an intensively urban region was initially developed as a trolley car suburb of San Francisco in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Key System moved commuters to and from the Key System Mole, where ferries bridged the gap across San Francisco Bay.

The historical progression from Native American tribal lands to Spanish then Mexican ranches, then to farms, ranches, and orchards, then to multiple city centers and suburbs, is shared with the adjacent and closely associated Contra Costa County.

Law, government and politics

Government

Main article: Government of Alameda County, California

The Government of Alameda County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Alameda.7 Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of Alameda County, while municipalities such as the City of Oakland and the City of Berkeley provide additional, often non-essential services. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, and public health. In addition it is the local government for all unincorporated areas, and provides services such as law enforcement to some incorporated cities under a contract arrangement.

It is composed of the elected five-member Alameda County Board of Supervisors (BOS) as the county legislature, several other elected offices and officers including the Sheriff, the District Attorney, Assessor, Auditor-Controller/County Clerk/Recorder, Treasurer/Tax Collector, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the County Administrator. In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with Alameda County, such as the Alameda County Superior Court.

The current supervisors are:8

  • David Haubert, district 1,
  • Elisa Márquez, district 2,
  • Lena Tam, district 3,
  • Nate Miley, district 4, and
  • Keith Carson, district 5.

The Board elects a president who presides at all meetings of the Board and appoints committees to handle work involving the major programs of the county. If the president is absent for a meeting, the vice president shall be responsible. A Board election occurs every two years for these positions. Supervisor Carson is serving currently as president; Supervisor Miley is vice president.

The county's law enforcement is overseen by an elected Sheriff/Coroner and an elected District Attorney. The Sheriff supervises the deputies of the Alameda County Sheriff's Office, whose primary responsibilities include policing unincorporated areas of the county and cities within the county which contract with the Sheriff's Office for police services; providing security and law enforcement for county buildings including courthouses, the county jail and other county properties; providing support resources, such as a forensics laboratory and search and rescue capabilities, to other law enforcement agencies throughout the county; and serving the process of the county's Superior Court system. The District Attorney's office is responsible for prosecuting all criminal violations of the laws of the state of California, the county, or its constituent municipalities, in the Alameda County Superior Court. The current Sheriff is Yesenia Sanchez, who was elected in 2022, succeeding Greg Ahern, who had served in the post for 16 years. The Sheriff's Office operates two jails: Santa Rita Jail in Dublin, and Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility in downtown Oakland.

In 2009, Nancy E. O'Malley was appointed Alameda County district attorney after Tom Orloff retired. She served two terms and did not run for reelection in 2022.9 Pamela Price was elected as district attorney in 2022.10

The Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD)11 was formed on July 1, 1993, as a dependent district, with the Board of Supervisors as its governing body. Municipal and specialized fire departments have been consolidated into the ACFD over the years. 1993 brought in the Castro Valley and Eden Consolidated FD, and the County Fire Patrol. San Leandro joined in 1995, Dublin in 1997, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2002, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2007, The Alameda County Regional Emergency Communications Center in 2008, and Newark and Union City in 2010. Emeryville joined the ACFD in 2012.

The Alameda County Water District is a special district within Alameda County created to distribute water, but it is not operated by Alameda County administrators. It is operated by an elected board of directors.

Alameda County Superior Court operates in twelve separate locations throughout the county, with its central René C. Davidson Courthouse located in Oakland near Lake Merritt. Most major criminal trials and complex civil cases are heard at this location or in courtrooms within the County Administration Building across the street.

State and federal representation

In the California State Assembly, Alameda County is split between five districts:

In the California State Senate, the county is split between four districts:

In the United States House of Representatives, the county is split between four districts:

Politics

Since 1932, Alameda County has been a stronghold of the Democratic Party, with Dwight Eisenhower being the only Republican presidential nominee to have carried the county since. Prior to 1932, the county had been a Republican stronghold. Piedmont resident William F. Knowland was the Republican U.S. Senate Leader from 1953 to 1959. Even when Ronald Reagan won the national popular vote by an 18.3% margin in 1984, Walter Mondale won Alameda County by a larger margin. In 2004 it voted for John Kerry, who won over 75% of the vote. Every city and town voted Democratic.14 George H.W. Bush in 1988 was the last Republican to break 30% of the county's vote and Ronald Reagan in 1984 was the last to break 40% of the vote (carrying 40.01%).15

United States presidential election results for Alameda County, California16
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
2024140,78921.02%499,55174.57%29,5674.41%
2020136,30917.62%617,65979.83%19,7852.56%
201695,92214.54%514,84278.06%48,7797.40%
2012108,18218.12%469,68478.69%19,0273.19%
2008119,55519.19%489,10678.52%14,2522.29%
2004130,91123.29%422,58575.18%8,5941.53%
2000119,27924.13%342,88969.36%32,1686.51%
1996106,58123.07%303,90365.77%51,56011.16%
1992109,29220.62%334,22463.04%86,62916.34%
1988162,81533.99%310,28364.78%5,8991.23%
1984192,40840.01%282,04158.65%6,4251.34%
1980158,53137.96%201,72048.30%57,36613.74%
1976155,28038.09%235,98857.89%16,4134.03%
1972201,86242.84%259,25455.02%10,0792.14%
1968153,28537.63%219,54553.90%34,5198.47%
1964142,99833.46%283,83366.42%5090.12%
1960183,35445.61%217,17254.02%1,4740.37%
1956192,91152.40%174,03347.27%1,1870.32%
1952201,97652.69%178,23946.50%3,0790.80%
1948150,58846.57%154,54947.80%18,1945.63%
1944122,98241.83%169,63157.70%1,3740.47%
1940116,96143.56%148,22455.21%3,3111.23%
193682,35235.09%149,32363.63%3,0111.28%
193289,30343.68%106,38852.04%8,7614.29%
1928118,53965.42%60,87533.60%1,7800.98%
192481,45461.48%8,0206.05%43,01632.47%
192073,17769.11%21,46820.27%11,24410.62%
191651,41750.34%43,74842.84%6,9666.82%
191200.00%24,41836.75%42,03463.25%
190821,38064.24%7,11021.36%4,79314.40%
190419,06570.32%4,39916.23%3,64613.45%
190014,32464.64%6,67730.13%1,1585.23%
189613,42960.43%8,39437.77%4001.80%
18928,79247.60%7,11438.52%2,56413.88%
18888,84057.18%5,69336.82%9286.00%
18847,47160.26%4,73438.18%1931.56%
18805,89959.65%3,89439.38%960.97%

On November 4, 2008, Alameda County voted 61.92% against Proposition 8, which won statewide, and which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriage. The county garnered the sixth highest "no" vote, by percentage, of all California counties, and was the second largest county, by total voter turnout, to vote against it.17

Voter registration statistics as of October 24, 2022

Population and registered voters
Total eligible population181,140,774
  Registered voters1920931,13081.6%
    Democratic21562,09360.4%
    Republican22100,97710.8%
    Democratic–Republican spread23+461,116+49.6%
    American Independent2421,6212.3%
    Libertarian256,3510.6%
    Green265,6280.6%
    Peace and Freedom274,3400.4%
    Unknown28260.0%
    Other295,6860.6%
    No party preference30224,40824.1%
Cities by population and voter registration
Cities by population and voter registration as of 2013
CityPopulation31Registered voters3233Democratic34Republican35D–R spread36Other37No party preference38
Alameda73,23959.7%55.0%14.2%+40.8%10.0%20.8%
Albany18,21759.1%64.0%6.5%+57.5%11.8%18.9%
Berkeley111,00872.9%64.7%4.4%+60.3%15.3%17.0%
Dublin44,17152.7%42.7%24.6%+18.1%14.3%21.3%
Emeryville9,69864.7%59.6%7.6%+52.0%15.3%19.5%
Fremont211,74847.9%46.4%17.5%+28.9%12.2%26.0%
Hayward142,93643.7%60.1%12.7%+47.4%11.0%18.4%
Livermore79,71061.5%39.4%33.1%+6.3%12.4%18.2%
Newark42,32248.6%53.9%16.6%+37.3%10.7%21.1%
Oakland389,39755.4%66.7%5.9%+60.8%12.1%16.9%
Piedmont10,64079.7%56.0%19.6%+36.4%8.4%17.9%
Pleasanton69,22061.5%38.2%31.8%+6.4%12.0%20.5%
San Leandro83,87750.9%58.7%13.7%+45.0%10.2%19.5%
Union City68,83048.6%54.9%13.1%+41.8%10.5%23.3%

Geography and climate

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 821 square miles (2,130 km2), of which 739 square miles (1,910 km2) is land and 82 square miles (210 km2) (10%) is water.39 The San Francisco Bay borders the county on the west.

The crest of the Berkeley Hills forms part of the northeastern boundary and reaches into the center of the county. A coastal plain several miles wide lines the bay; and is Oakland's most populous region. Livermore Valley lies in the eastern part of the county. Amador Valley abuts the western edge of Livermore Valley and continues west to the Pleasanton Ridge. The ridges and valleys of the Diablo Range, containing the county's highest peaks, cover the very sparsely populated southeast portion of the county.

The Hayward Fault, a major branch of the San Andreas Fault to the west, runs through the most populated parts of Alameda County, while the Calaveras Fault runs through the southeastern part of the county.

The areas near the Bay itself have a maritime warm-summer Mediterranean climate, whereas behind the mountains, summers are significantly warmer. The climate charts below are for Oakland and inland Livermore.

Climate data for Oakland Museum (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1970–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)78(26)82(28)88(31)97(36)105(41)106(41)103(39)99(37)109(43)103(39)84(29)75(24)109(43)
Mean maximum °F (°C)67.0(19.4)72.4(22.4)75.9(24.4)82.8(28.2)85.5(29.7)89.1(31.7)87.3(30.7)88.7(31.5)89.7(32.1)87.8(31.0)75.8(24.3)66.5(19.2)94.7(34.8)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)58.0(14.4)61.8(16.6)63.6(17.6)66.0(18.9)68.8(20.4)71.2(21.8)71.7(22.1)73.0(22.8)74.1(23.4)71.7(22.1)64.6(18.1)58.1(14.5)66.6(19.2)
Daily mean °F (°C)51.4(10.8)54.7(12.6)56.4(13.6)58.3(14.6)61.1(16.2)63.5(17.5)64.3(17.9)65.6(18.7)66.0(18.9)63.3(17.4)57.1(13.9)51.8(11.0)59.2(15.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)44.7(7.1)47.7(8.7)49.1(9.5)50.5(10.3)53.5(11.9)55.7(13.2)56.9(13.8)58.1(14.5)57.8(14.3)55.1(12.8)49.8(9.9)45.4(7.4)51.9(11.1)
Mean minimum °F (°C)38.0(3.3)40.0(4.4)42.2(5.7)45.2(7.3)49.1(9.5)51.9(11.1)54.0(12.2)55.5(13.1)53.8(12.1)49.0(9.4)41.6(5.3)37.3(2.9)36.0(2.2)
Record low °F (°C)30(−1)29(−2)34(1)37(3)43(6)48(9)51(11)50(10)48(9)43(6)36(2)26(−3)26(−3)
Average precipitation inches (mm)4.59(117)4.65(118)3.52(89)1.32(34)0.73(19)0.12(3.0)0.00(0.00)0.07(1.8)0.23(5.8)1.29(33)3.07(78)4.44(113)24.09(612)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in.)10.210.510.75.93.41.00.10.41.23.58.110.469.1
Source: NOAA4041
Climate data for Livermore, California (1903–2013)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)77(25)80(27)88(31)96(36)108(42)113(45)113(45)112(44)115(46)106(41)93(34)79(26)113(45)
Mean maximum °F (°C)66.9(19.4)71.4(21.9)77.9(25.5)85.8(29.9)94.3(34.6)102.0(38.9)104.3(40.2)102.8(39.3)101.2(38.4)92.6(33.7)79.0(26.1)67.8(19.9)106.3(41.3)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)56.8(13.8)61.2(16.2)65.2(18.4)70.5(21.4)76.4(24.7)83.1(28.4)89.0(31.7)88.2(31.2)86.0(30.0)77.7(25.4)66.3(19.1)57.5(14.2)73.2(22.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)36.7(2.6)39.4(4.1)41.3(5.2)43.6(6.4)47.6(8.7)51.7(10.9)54.2(12.3)54.0(12.2)52.5(11.4)47.7(8.7)41.1(5.1)37.0(2.8)45.6(7.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C)26.4(−3.1)29.5(−1.4)32.1(0.1)34.9(1.6)39.3(4.1)44.4(6.9)47.7(8.7)47.8(8.8)44.5(6.9)38.3(3.5)30.5(−0.8)26.7(−2.9)24.5(−4.2)
Record low °F (°C)18(−8)21(−6)22(−6)29(−2)32(0)38(3)36(2)36(2)35(2)29(−2)22(−6)18(−8)18(−8)
Average precipitation inches (mm)2.97(75)2.47(63)2.15(55)1.00(25).44(11).11(2.8).02(0.51).04(1.0).22(5.6).67(17)1.54(39)2.56(65)14.19(359.91)
Average precipitation days (≥ .01 in)109963100137958
Average snowy daystrace0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.1
Source: WRCC42 and pogodaiklimat.ru43

Adjacent counties

The City and County of San Francisco, California, borders the county on the west, and has a small land border with the city of Alameda, California due to land filling.44

Santa Clara County borders the county on the south.

San Joaquin County borders the county on the east.

Contra Costa County borders the county on the north.

Stanislaus County borders the county on the easternmost end of its southern boundary for 250 feet (76 m).45

National protected area

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18608,927—
187024,237171.5%
188062,976159.8%
189093,86449.0%
1900130,19738.7%
1910246,13189.0%
1920344,17739.8%
1930474,88338.0%
1940513,0118.0%
1950740,31544.3%
1960908,20922.7%
19701,073,18418.2%
19801,105,3793.0%
19901,279,18215.7%
20001,443,74112.9%
20101,510,2714.6%
20201,682,35311.4%
2024 (est.)1,649,06046−2.0%
U.S. Decennial Census471790–196048 1900–1990491990–200050 201051 202052

2020 census

Alameda County, California – Racial and ethnic compositionNote: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 200053Pop 201054Pop 202055% 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)591,095514,559472,27740.94%34.07%28.07%
Black or African American alone (NH)211,124184,126159,49914.62%12.19%9.48%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)5,3064,1894,1310.37%0.28%0.25%
Asian alone (NH)292,673390,524540,51120.27%25.86%32.13%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)8,45811,93113,2090.59%0.79%0.79%
Other Race alone (NH)4,6764,19110,4400.32%0.28%0.62%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)56,49960,86288,5373.91%4.03%5.26%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)273,910339,889393,74918.97%22.51%23.40%
Total1,443,7411,510,2711,682,353100.00%100.00%100.00%

2014

A 2014 analysis by The Atlantic found Alameda County to be the fourth most racially diverse county in the United States, in terms of closest to equal representation of each racial and ethnic group,—behind Aleutians West Census Area and Aleutians East Borough in Alaska, and Queens County in New York—as well as the most diverse county in California.56 The 2020 census shows Alameda as having one of the highest Asian percentages and being one of two counties in the continental US, along with neighboring Santa Clara County, California, to have an Asian plurality - consisting largely of Chinese, Indian and Filipino ancestry.57

2011

Population, race, and income
Total population581,494,876
  White59690,26146.2%
  Asian60391,62726.2%
 Hispanic or Latino (of any race)61332,10322.2%
  Black or African American62186,32612.5%
  Some other race63131,9588.8%
  Two or more races6475,4115.0%
  Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander6512,1910.8%
  American Indian or Alaska Native667,1020.5%
Per capita income67$34,937
Median household income68$70,821
Median family income69$87,012

Places by population, race, and income

Places by population and race
PlaceType70Population71White72Other7374Asian75Black or AfricanAmerican76Native American7778Hispanic or Latino(of any race)79
AlamedaCity73,23949.5%9.8%33.1%6.7%0.9%11.8%
AlbanyCity18,21760.7%7.0%29.1%3.0%0.1%9.7%
AshlandCDP22,10653.4%11.9%16.4%17.0%1.3%46.7%
BerkeleyCity111,00861.5%8.0%20.6%9.3%0.6%10.5%
Castro ValleyCDP60,88262.9%7.9%21.7%6.8%0.8%17.4%
CherrylandCDP14,39446.8%31.1%9.0%8.6%4.5%55.9%
DublinCity44,17157.5%8.7%26.2%6.9%0.7%12.9%
EmeryvilleCity9,69844.1%5.7%36.3%13.8%0.2%8.8%
FairviewCDP9,59749.2%13.5%18.1%17.7%1.5%18.5%
FremontCity211,74833.9%12.8%49.0%3.3%1.1%15.4%
HaywardCity142,93636.9%24.9%23.6%11.4%3.2%39.9%
LivermoreCity79,71078.9%8.4%10.3%1.8%0.5%19.0%
NewarkCity42,32242.1%24.4%26.2%4.3%3.0%35.2%
OaklandCity389,39739.0%15.7%16.1%28.1%1.1%25.0%
PiedmontCity10,64076.1%3.4%19.5%0.9%0.1%3.9%
PleasantonCity69,22068.0%6.2%22.9%2.5%0.4%10.6%
San LeandroCity83,87744.9%10.2%29.6%13.4%1.9%26.0%
San LorenzoCDP24,09654.1%17.2%20.8%6.5%1.4%35.9%
SunolCDP76084.3%11.6%4.1%0.0%0.0%15.8%
Union CityCity68,83021.5%17.8%53.3%6.2%1.2%21.5%
Places by population and income
PlaceType80Population81Per capita income82Median household income83Median family income84
AlamedaCity73,239$39,160$75,832$93,349
AlbanyCity18,217$37,552$72,479$87,500
AshlandCDP22,106$20,357$48,026$53,038
BerkeleyCity111,008$38,896$60,908$102,976
Castro ValleyCDP60,882$38,535$82,370$97,628
CherrylandCDP14,394$19,610$50,987$48,120
DublinCity44,171$41,197$111,481$121,380
EmeryvilleCity9,698$52,258$69,274$99,954
FairviewCDP9,597$38,267$85,288$97,969
FremontCity211,748$38,752$98,513$109,853
HaywardCity142,936$24,987$62,115$69,044
LivermoreCity79,710$41,741$96,322$108,406
NewarkCity42,322$29,375$81,777$84,244
OaklandCity389,397$31,675$51,144$58,237
PiedmontCity10,640$92,232$199,304$221,875
PleasantonCity69,220$50,745$118,713$136,464
San LeandroCity83,877$27,878$61,857$72,080
San LorenzoCDP24,096$25,553$73,053$76,365
SunolCDP760$62,651$72,656$86,250
Union CityCity68,830$29,612$82,634$91,176

2010

The 2010 United States census reported that Alameda County had a population of 1,510,271. The population density was 2,047.6 inhabitants per square mile (790.6/km2). The racial makeup of Alameda County was 649,122 (43.0%) White, 190,451 (12.6%) African American, 9,799 (0.6%) Native American, 394,560 (26.1%) Asian (9.7% Chinese, 5.5% Filipino, 4.8% Indian, 2.0% Vietnamese, 1.2% Korean, 0.8% Japanese, 2.2% Other Asian), 12,802 (0.8%) Pacific Islander, 162,540 (10.8%) from other races, and 90,997 (6.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 339,889 persons (22.5%): 16.4% Mexican, 0.8% Puerto Rican, 0.2% Cuban, 5.1% Other Hispanic.85

Demographic profile862010
Total Population1,510,271 – 100.0%
One Race1,419,274 – 94.0%
Not Hispanic or Latino1,170,382 – 77.5%
White alone514,559 – 34.1%
Black or African American alone184,126 – 12.2%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone4,189 – 0.3%
Asian alone390,524 – 25.9%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone11,931 – 0.8%
Some other race alone4,191 – 0.3%
Two or more races alone60,862 – 4.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)339,889 – 22.5%
Population reported at 2010 United States census
The CountyTotalPopulationWhiteAfricanAmericanNativeAmericanAsianPacificIslanderotherracestwo ormore racesHispanicor Latino(of any race)
Alameda County1,510,271649,122190,4519,799394,56012,802162,54090,997339,889
IncorporatedcitiesTotalPopulationWhiteAfricanAmericanNativeAmericanAsianPacificIslanderotherracestwo ormore racesHispanicor Latino(of any race)
Alameda73,81237,4604,75942623,0583812,4635,2658,092
Albany18,53910,128645885,790376071,2441,891
Berkeley112,58066,99611,24147921,6901864,9946,99412,209
Dublin46,03623,6344,34724612,3212872,4582,7436,663
Emeryville10,0804,4901,764442,77516348643927
Fremont214,08970,3207,103976108,3321,16913,60512,58431,698
Hayward144,18649,30917,0991,39631,6664,53530,00410,17758,730
Livermore80,96860,4181,7024766,8022776,9604,33316,920
Newark42,57317,5662,00227911,5716217,7352,79914,994
Oakland390,724134,925109,4713,04065,8112,22253,37821,87799,068
Piedmont10,6677,91714461,9391394554421
Pleasanton70,28547,0581,19022616,3221342,0023,3537,264
San Leandro84,95031,94610,43766925,20664211,2954,75523,237
Union City69,51616,6404,40232935,3638927,2534,63715,895
Census-designatedplacesTotalPopulationWhiteAfricanAmericanNativeAmericanAsianPacificIslanderotherracestwo ormore racesHispanicor Latino(of any race)
Ashland21,9256,7054,2692324,0312605,1241,3049,394
Castro Valley61,38835,6024,26032913,1404173,7573,88310,689
Cherryland14,7286,0351,6982001,4043104,0161,0657,955
Fairview10,0034,4992,105761,5251299137562,171
San Lorenzo23,45211,1151,1362285,0541824,2071,5308,843
Sunol91378016487195291
Otherunincorporated areasTotalPopulationWhiteAfricanAmericanNativeAmericanAsianPacificIslanderotherracestwo ormore racesHispanicor Latino(of any race)
All others not CDPs (combined)8,8575,57967648712851,3084492,737

2000

As of the census87 of 2000, there were 1,443,741 people, 523,366 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living within them, 47.0% married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.31.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $55,946, and the median income for a family was $65,857 (these figures had risen to $66,430 and $81,341 respectively as of a 2007 estimate88). Males had a median income of $47,425 versus $36,921 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,680. About 7.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

In 2000, the largest denominational group was the Catholics (with 306,437 adherents).89 The largest religious bodies were the Catholic Church (with 306,437 members) and Judaism (with 32,500 members).90

2019 United States Census Bureau American Community Survey estimates

According to 2019 US Census Bureau estimates, Alameda County's population was 38.8% White (30.4% Non-Hispanic White and 8.4% Hispanic White), 10.7% Black or African American, 31.1% Asian, 11.5% Some Other Race, 0.8% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.8% Pacific Islander and 6.4% from two or more races.91

The White population continues to remain the largest racial category in Alameda County and includes the 37.7% of Hispanics who self-identify as White. The remainder of Hispanics self-identify as Other Race (49.2%), Multiracial (8.7%), American Indian and Alaskan Native (1.9%), Black (1.5%), Asian (0.9%), and Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.2%).92

The Black population continues to decline and at 10.7% (including Black Hispanics)93 is below the national average of 12.8% (including Black Hispanics).94 The Black population peaked in the 1980 Census at 18.4%.95 Alameda county has the 2nd highest percentage of Black residents in California after Solano County at 13.4%.

If Hispanics are treated as a separate category from race, Alameda County's population was 30.4% White, 30.9% Asian, 22.3% Hispanic-Latino, 10.3% Black or African American, 0.5% Some Other Race, 0.3% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.8% Pacific Islander and 4.4% from two or more races.96

Asian Americans are now the largest racial/ethnic group at 30.9% (excluding Asian Hispanics).97

White Non-Hispanic Americans are the largest minority group at 30.4% of the population.98

By ethnicity, 22.3% of the total population is Hispanic-Latino (of any race) and 77.7% is Non-Hispanic (of any race). If treated as a category separate from race, Hispanics are the third largest minority group in Alameda County.99

The largest ancestry group of Hispanics in Alameda County (2018) are of Mexican descent (72.9% of Hispanics) followed by Salvadoran descent (5.5% of Hispanics), Guatemalan descent (3.9%), Puerto Rican descent (3.4%), Spaniard descent (2.0%), Nicaraguan descent (1.7%), Peruvian descent (1.4%), Cuban descent (1.2%), Colombian descent (1.1%), and those of other Hispanic ethnicity or of mixed Hispanic ethnicity (6.9%).100

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Population and crime rates in 2009
Population1011,494,876
Violent crime10211,1897.48
  Homicide1031380.09
  Forcible rape1045530.37
  Robbery1055,2153.49
  Aggravated assault1065,2833.53
Property crime10733,39522.34
  Burglary10811,4787.68
  Larceny-theft10911032,10221.47
  Motor vehicle theft11112,7688.54
Arson1124570.31

Cities by population and crime rates

Cities by population and crime rates in 2012
CityPopulation113Violent crimes114Violent crime rateper 1,000 personsProperty crimes115Property crime rateper 1,000 persons
Alameda75,4671602.121,89225.07
Albany18,960351.8553728.32
Berkeley114,9614874.245,69649.55
Dublin49,890841.7973115.55
Emeryville10,30917516.981,735168.30
Fremont218,9273061.404,25919.45
Hayward147,4246134.164,79232.50
Livermore82,8003013.641,80521.80
Newark43,5391693.881,34930.98
Oakland399,4877,96319.9326,34265.94
Piedmont10,909131.1933330.53
Pleasanton71,875490.681,27917.79
San Leandro86,8694375.033,58541.27
Union City71,0892353.311,80825.43

Education

The Alameda County Office of Education oversees seventeen K–12 school districts and one K–8 district in Alameda County. In all, there are approximately 10,000 teachers serving 225,000 students. The ACOE also services three community college districts with a total enrollment of approximately 55,000 students.

The Alameda County Library operates libraries in the cities of Albany, Dublin, Fremont, Newark and Union City and the unincorporated communities of Castro Valley and San Lorenzo. The cities of Alameda, Berkeley, Hayward, Livermore, Oakland, San Leandro, and Pleasanton have their own library systems.

Colleges and universities

Alameda County is home to the University of California, Berkeley, the flagship campus of the University of California system, and one of the largest and most prestigious research universities in the world.

Other colleges and universities located within Alameda county include:

Other local colleges and universities which have now closed include:

Public schools

School districts116

K–12 unified school districts:

Others:

State-operated schools

Arts

The Alameda County Arts Commission, a division of the county administration, under the California Arts Council, was created in 1965. Its fifteen appointed members act in an advisory capacity to the board of supervisors, in promoting the arts. The Oakland Museum of California has a substantial collection of California art works and historical artifacts.

Sports

The following sports teams play in Alameda County:

ClubSportFoundedLeagueVenue
California Golden BearsNCAA1868NCAA: ACCCalifornia Memorial Stadium (Football), Haas Pavilion (Basketball), Evans Diamond (Baseball)
East Bay FC StompersSoccer2012 (in San Francisco from 2012 to 2015)National Premier Soccer League: Golden Gate ConferencePioneer Stadium
Oakland RootsSoccer2018USL ChampionshipPioneer Stadium

Events

The annual county fair is held at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton. The fair runs for four weekends from June to July. Attractions include horse racing, carnival rides, 4-H exhibits, and live bands.

Parks and recreation

There are more than 350 parks located within the county.117 The East Bay Regional Park District operates within Alameda and neighboring Contra Costa County, with numerous parks within the county, including Tilden Regional Park, Redwood Regional Park, Anthony Chabot Regional Park, Coyote Hills Regional Park, Ardenwood Historic Farm, Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park and Vargas Plateau Regional Park. Eastshore State Park is located partially along the bay shore of northern Alameda County. The San Francisco Bay Trail, a project of the Association of Bay Area Governments, will run along the bay shore of the county.118 The Hayward Area Recreation and Park District is the largest special park district in California.

Transportation

Major highways

Mass transit

Rail

  • Altamont Corridor Express (ACE) – commuter rail using existing railroad tracks; primarily brings commuters from San Joaquin County to Santa Clara County
  • Amtrak
    • California Zephyr – intercity train route running between Emeryville and Chicago.
    • Capitol Corridor – commuter rail using existing railroad tracks, extending from San Jose to Sacramento, running through western Alameda County
    • Coast Starlight – intercity train route running between Los Angeles and Seattle via Oakland and Emeryville
    • San Joaquins – Amtrak route between Oakland and Bakersfield through Fresno and the Central Valley
  • Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) – rapid transit commuter rail centered on northwest Oakland, primarily serving commuters to downtown San Francisco and downtown Oakland
  • Valley Link – planned commuter rail running between the Tri-Valley and San Joaquin County (expected to commence in 2028)

Bus

Ferry

Airports

The main airport is the Oakland International Airport, with two general aviation airports, the Hayward Executive Airport and Livermore Municipal Airport.

Services

Alameda Health System operates the public health system in Alameda County. It operates five hospitals (Alameda Hospital, Fairmont Hospital, Highland Hospital, John George Psychiatric Hospital, and San Leandro Hospital), and four primary care medical clinics (called ambulatory wellness centers) within the county.

The Alameda County Community Food Bank nonprofit provides food bank resources to residents. The Family Emergency Shelter Coalition coordinates services for homeless families.

Landmarks

Alameda County has eight National Historic Landmarks: The Abbey, Joaquin Miller House, First Church of Christ, Scientist, USS Hornet (CVS-12) (aircraft carrier), Lake Merritt Wild Duck Refuge, Lightship WAL-605, Relief, Paramount Theatre, Potomac (Presidential yacht), and Room 307, Gilman Hall, University of California. The county has a large number of National Historic Places, as well as a number of California Historical Landmarks.

Sister county

Alameda has a sister county: Taoyuan County, Taiwan (now Taoyuan City).119

Communities

Cities

No. on MapCityYear incorporatedPopulation, 2020120
1Alameda185478,280
2Albany190820,271
3Berkeley1878124,321
4Dublin198272,589
5Emeryville189612,905
6Fremont1956230,504
7Hayward1876162,954
8Livermore187687,955
9Newark195547,529
10Oakland (county seat)1852440,646
11Piedmont190711,270
12Pleasanton189479,871
13San Leandro187291,008
14Union City195970,143

Census-designated places

  1. Ashland
  2. Castro Valley
  3. Cherryland
  4. Fairview
  5. San Lorenzo
  6. Sunol

Unincorporated communities

Former townships

  • Oakland Township – the northern portion subsequently became the cities of Berkeley and Albany.
  • Alameda Township – now essentially coterminous with the City of Alameda.
  • Brooklyn Township – mostly contained within Oakland and Piedmont.
  • Eden Township – partly incorporated into San Leandro and Hayward, the rest contains the communities of Castro Valley, San Lorenzo, and other unincorporated areas.
  • Washington Township – contains Union City, Newark, Fremont, and small unincorporated areas nearby.
  • Murray Township — Contains cities of Dublin, Pleasanton, and Livermore, and substantial unincorporated areas including Sunol.

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Alameda County.121

† county seat

RankCity/Town/etc.Municipal typePopulation (2020 Census)
1† OaklandCity440,646
2FremontCity230,504
3HaywardCity162,954
4BerkeleyCity124,321
5San LeandroCity91,008
6LivermoreCity87,955
7PleasantonCity79,871
8AlamedaCity78,280
9DublinCity72,589
10Union CityCity70,143
11Castro ValleyCDP66,441
12NewarkCity47,529
13San LorenzoCDP29,581
14AshlandCDP23,823
15AlbanyCity20,271
16CherrylandCDP15,808
17EmeryvilleCity12,905
18FairviewCDP11,341
19PiedmontCity11,270
20SunolCDP922

See also

Notes

37°39′N 121°55′W / 37.65°N 121.91°W / 37.65; -121.91

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  74. Other = Some other race + Two or more races ↩

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  78. Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native ↩

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  110. Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes. ↩

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