Menu
Home Explore People Places Arts History Plants & Animals Science Life & Culture Technology
On this page
Air Combat Command
Major command of the United States Air Force responsible for air and cyber forces

The Air Combat Command (ACC) is one of nine Major Commands (MAJCOMs) in the United States Air Force, reporting to Headquarters, United States Air Force (HAF) at the Pentagon. It is the primary provider of air combat forces for the Air Force, and it is the direct successor to Tactical Air Command. Air Combat Command is headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Joint Base Langley–Eustis, Virginia, United States.

ACC directly operates 1,110 fighter, attack, reconnaissance, combat search and rescue, airborne command and control and electronic aircraft along with command, control, computing, communications and intelligence (C4I) systems, Air Force ground forces, conducts global information operations, and controls Air Force Intelligence. As of 6 April 2023 ACC operated 48 fighter squadrons and nine attack squadrons.

Air Combat Command consists of approximately 74,240 active duty Airmen and 10,610 Department of the Air Force Civilians. When mobilized, more than 49,000 additional Airmen of the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard, along with over 700 additional aircraft, are operationally-gained and assigned to ACC, bringing total aircraft to more than 1,800 and number of Airmen to 123,240.

Related Image Collections Add Image
Profiles
1 Image
We don't have any YouTube videos related to Air Combat Command yet.
We don't have any PDF documents related to Air Combat Command yet.
We don't have any Books related to Air Combat Command yet.
We don't have any archived web articles related to Air Combat Command yet.

Mission

Air Combat Command's mission is to provide air combat forces to the geographic Unified Combatant Commands. ACC organizes, trains, equips, and maintains combat-ready units for rapid deployment abroad while also ensuring air defense of the United States is strong enough for both peacetime and wartime needs. ACC Numbered Air Forces serve as the air components for United States Central Command, United States Southern Command, and United States Northern Command. ACC augments the forces of the United States European Command, United States Africa Command, United States Pacific Command, and United States Strategic Command.

History

Air Combat Command was created 1 June 1992 after the inactivation of the Tactical Air Command (TAC), Strategic Air Command (SAC) and Military Airlift Command (MAC). Upon activation, ACC assumed control of all former-TAC fighters, all bombers, reconnaissance platforms, battle management resources, and Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). Furthermore, ACC had some KC-135 and KC-10 aerial refueling tankers and C-130 tactical airlift aircraft in its composite, reconnaissance, and other combat wings. In 1993, control of the ICBM force was transferred to the Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) until transferred again to Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC) on 1 December 2009.5

Following the inactivation of SAC at Offutt AFB, Nebraska, a new unified command, the United States Strategic Command, was activated at Offutt, created to manage the combined strategic nuclear forces belonging to both the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Navy.6

Historically, Combat Command was an earlier air unit designation. During 1941 and early 1942, the tactical air units of the War Department, formerly known as the GHQ Air Force, formed the Air Force Combat Command. The AFCC was dissolved in the reorganization of the United States Army, effective 9 March 1942, which created the United States Army Air Forces as a major command of the Army, which functioned as a de facto independent service branch of the Armed Forces.7

Mission Realignments

Combat search and rescue

Not long after activation, ACC underwent organizational and mission changes. The first such major change was the transfer of the combat search and rescue (CSAR) mission from Air Mobility Command to ACC. With the realigning of search and rescue units, ACC gained additional resources, as well as a new mission. The formal transfer took place on 1 February 1993, when the Air Rescue Service (ARS) was assigned to ACC. On 2 July of the same year, the ARS was disestablished and rescue units became fully integrated in the same manner as other ACC units reporting to numbered air forces. The USAF Combat Rescue School was subsequently assigned to the 57th Wing at Nellis AFB, Nevada.8

Flight training

One of the most significant changes for Air Combat Command resulted from an overhaul of flying training responsibilities. Following its activation, ACC was responsible for aircraft-specific aircrew training, including initial weapon system and continuation training. On 1 July 1993, the 58th and 325th Fighter Wings—F-16 and F-15 training units transferred from ACC to Air Education and Training Command (AETC). Concurrently, Luke AFB, Arizona, and Tyndall AFB, Florida, for which those respective wings were the host units, also moved from ACC to AETC ownership. However, on 1 October 2012, both Tyndall AFB and the 325th Fighter Wing returned to the control of ACC.9

Tanker and airlift

The next major organizational change resulted from a fine-tuning of aerial refueling and airlift resources. From its activation, Air Combat Command had assumed ownership of some C-130 Hercules theater airlift assets and KC-10 Extender and KC-135 Stratotankers. Just as ownership of overseas C-130 resources had already been transferred to USAFE and PACAF commanders, it was decided that all C-130s based in the CONUS would be under the control of ACC, while at the same time, almost all KC-135 tankers would be assigned to Air Mobility Command.10

There was historical precedent for the reassignment of C-130s to Air Combat Command. During the earliest days of Tactical Air Command (TAC), the command had carried out the "tactical" or combat airborne aspect of airlift operations, leaving the "strategic" or logistical mission to Military Air Transport Service, later redesignated Military Airlift Command (the precursor of today's Air Mobility Command) in 1966. The tactical airlift mission included logistical airlift, airborne operations, aeromedical evacuation, and air support for special operations. This division of the airlift mission continued until 1 December 1974, when TAC transferred its CONUS-based tactical airlift units, including Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard tactical airlift units, to Military Airlift Command (MAC). MAC gained the overseas units from theater commands on 31 March 1975.11

On 1 October 1993, all Air Mobility Command C-130s with the exception of those permanently under United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) and Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) regions were transferred to ACC, while USAFE and PACAF assumed control of the C-130 permanently based in their respective geographic regions. Concurrently, all KC-10 tankers and all KC-135 tankers except those at Mountain Home AFB, Idaho, which supported the fighter and bomber aircraft of the composite wing stationed there, transferred to AMC. ACC also retained two KC-135s at Offutt AFB Nebraska and Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota under ACC control until transferring them to AMC on 1 October 1993. McConnell AFB, Kansas; Fairchild AFB, Washington; and their respective air refueling wings were also transferred to AMC in January 1994 and July 1994, respectively.12

In 1997, a subsequent USAF reorganization of ACC and AMC resulted in all CONUS-based C-130 theater airlift aircraft being reassigned from ACC back to AMC. This change also shifted operational claimancy for all "slick" theater airlift mission C-130s in the Air Force Reserve and CONUS-based Air National Guard. USAFE and PACAF C-130 assets remained in those respective MAJCOMs to include PACAF's operational claimancy for Alaska Air National Guard C-130 and HC-130 assets.13

Operational deployments

In Southwest Asia, Air Combat Command provided active duty and reserve component forces for the follow-on to Operation Desert Storm and the establishment of Operation Southern Watch to deter Iraqi aggression. In October 1994, ACC also demonstrated its ability to react quickly to the buildup of Iraqi troops near the border of Kuwait. In addition, ACC, from its inception, has provided indispensable support to counter-drug operations, including Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), reconnaissance and fighter aircraft, as well as radar and connectivity assets.14

Participation in humanitarian operations has also been a recurring theme. Air Combat Command supported the humanitarian efforts of the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE), deploying active duty and air reserve component forces to Provide Promise and Deny Flight in Eastern Europe and Operation Provide Comfort out of Incirlik AB, Turkey. Provide Promise offered humanitarian relief airlift support to the city of Sarajevo, while Deny Flight enforced the "no-fly" zone against Serb air attacks on Bosnian civilians. Operation Provide Comfort, another humanitarian operation, also provided relief to Kurdish inhabitants of northern Iraq who had undergone fierce repression by the Iraqi government.15

In addition, ACC supported United States Atlantic Command's humanitarian relief to Haitian refugees associated with Operation GTMO at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba. Similarly, the command supported Operation Safe Haven and the processing of Cuban refugees during the latter part of the summer of 1994. Across the Atlantic, Air Combat Command units participated in Operation Restore Hope, largely an Air Mobility Command humanitarian operation intended to provide food for Somalia. Also, ACC regular and ACC-gained Air National Guard C-130 units deployed to Uganda and Kenya to participate in Operation Support Hope. This operation, conducted by the United States European Command, comprised part of the United Nations effort to provide humanitarian relief to victims of the civil war in Rwanda.16

In keeping with its global responsibilities, ACC initiated a series of "Global Power" missions in 1993. ACC's bomber wings are required to perform out-of-CONUS training flights to demonstrate the capability to perform their "quick reaction" worldwide mission. On one of the global power missions, two B-1 Lancer aircraft of the 28th Bomb Wing, Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota, set a B-1 flying time record on the first leg of their round-the-world flight, 11–13 August 1993. The following year, two B-52s from the 2d Bomb Wing, Barksdale AFB, Louisiana, circumnavigated the globe in 47.2 hours, the longest jet aircraft flight in history.17

Global war on terrorism

Air Combat Command units flew operational missions during the 2002 Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (OEF-A) and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Operation Iraqi Freedom.

The task of developing a comprehensive listing of ACC units present in Iraq, Afghanistan and other combat areas is particularly difficult as the events of 11 September 2001 and the Global War on Terrorism has made such an effort significantly difficult. The USAF seeks to improve operational security (OPSEC) and to deceive potential enemies as to the extent of American operations, therefore a listing of which units deploying where and when is unavailable.18

However, it is certain that ACC units are actively flying combat missions in the Southwest Asia theater of operations.

Predecessor units merged into Air Combat Command 1992

Strategic Air Command2d Bomb WingBarksdale AFB, LA5th Bomb WingMinot AFB, ND7th Bomb WingCarswell AFB, TX (Xfer to Dyess AFB, TX on 1 October 1993)9th Reconnaissance WingBeale AFB, CA28th Bomb WingEllsworth AFB, SD42d Bomb WingLoring AFB, ME (Base and wing BRAC Inactivated, 30 September 1994)44th Missile WingEllsworth AFB, SD (Xfer to Air Force Space Command, 1 July 1993)55th Strategic Reconnaissance WingOffut AFB NE90th Missile WingF E Warren AFB, WY (Xfer to Air Force Space Command, 1 July 1993)91st Missile WingMinot AFB, ND (Xfer to Air Force Space Command, 1 July 199392d Bomb WingFairchild AFB WA (Xfer to Air Mobility Command, 1 July 1994)93d WingCastle AFB, CA (Base and wing BRAC Inactivated, 30 September 1995)96th WingDyess AFB, TX (Wing only BRAC Inactivated, 1 October 1993)319th Bombardment WingGrand Forks AFB, ND (Xfer to Air Mobility Command as 319 ARW, 1 October 1993)321st Missile WingGrand Forks AFB, ND (Xfer to Air Force Space Command, 1 July 1993)341st Missile WingMalmstrom AFB, MT (Xfer to Air Force Space Command, 1 July 1993)351st Missile WingWhiteman AFB, MO (Xfer to Air Force Space Command, 1 July 1993)379th WingWurtsmith AFB, MI (Base and wing BRAC Inactivated, 15 June 1993)384th Bomb WingMcConnell AFB, KS (Wing only BRAC Inactivated; xfer to 384th Bomb Group, 1 October 1994)410th WingK. I. Sawyer AFB, MI (Base and wing BRAC Inactivated, 30 September 1995)416th WingGriffiss AFB, NY (Base and wing BRAC Inactivated, 30 September 1995)509th Bombardment WingWhiteman AFB, MOMilitary Airlift Command314th Airlift WingLittle Rock AFB, ARTactical Air Command1st Fighter WingLangley AFB, VA4th Fighter WingSeymour Johnson AFB, NC23d Fighter WingBase and wing BRAC Inactivated at England AFB, LA; reactivated as 23d Wing, Pope AFB, NC)27th Fighter WingCannon AFB, NM31st Fighter WingHomestead AFB, FL (Moved WOPE19 to Aviano AB Italy on 1 April 1994 and assigned to USAFE)33d Fighter WingEglin AFB, FL35th Fighter WingGeorge AFB, CA (Base and wing BRAC Inactivated, 15 December 1992)37th Fighter WingTonopah AP, NV (Wing Inactivated 8 July 1992; F-117s xfer to 49 FW, Holloman AFB, NM)49th Fighter WingHolloman AFB, NM53d WingEglin AFB, FL56th Fighter WingMacDill AFB, FL (Moved WOPE20 to Luke AFB, AZ on 1 April 1994; reassigned to AETC)57th Fighter WingNellis AFB, NV58th Fighter WingLuke AFB, AZ (Moved WOPE21 to Kirtland AFB, NM on 1 April 1994Reassigned to AETC as 58th Special Operations Wing)67th Reconnaissance WingBergstrom AFB, TX (Base and wing BRAC Inactivated, 30 September 1993)85th WingNAS Keflavik, Iceland (Wing only BRAC Inactivated, 31 May 1993)325th Fighter WingTyndall AFB, FL (Reassigned to AETC 1 July 1993; rejoined ACC 1 October 2012)347th Fighter WingMoody AFB, GA (Reassigned to AFSOC as 347 RQW 1 October 2003; merged into ACC 23 WG, 1 October 2006)354th Fighter WingMyrtle Beach AFB, SC (BRAC Inactivated, 31 March 1993)355th Fighter WingDavis-Monthan AFB, AZ363d Fighter WingShaw AFB, SC (Inactivated 30 December 1993; replaced by 20th Fighter Wing, 30 December 1993)366th Fighter WingMountain Home AFB, ID388th Fighter WingHill AFB, UT475th Weapons Evaluation GroupTyndall AFB, FL507th Air Control WingShaw AFB, SC (Wing only BRAC Inactivated, 12 June 1993)552d Air Control WingTinker AFB OK602d Air Control WingDavis-Monthan AFB, AZ (Wing only BRAC Inactivated, 15 June 1992)

Wings and groups

As of 2020[update], Air Combat Command consisted of the following units:22

HQ: Nellis AFB, Nevada53d Wing, Eglin AFB, FloridaIncludes 53d Test and Evaluation Group, Nellis AFB, Nevadaand 53d Weapons Evaluation Group, Tyndall AFB, Florida57th Wing, Nellis AFB, NevadaNevada Test and Training Range, Nellis AFB, NevadaUtah Test and Training Range, Hill AFB, Utah99th Air Base Wing, Nellis AFB, Nevada505th Command and Control Wing, Hurlburt Field, FloridaHQ: Tyndall AFB, FloridaEastern Air Defense Sector, Rome, New York (former Griffiss AFB)Western Air Defense Sector, McChord AFB, Washington701st Air Defense Squadron, Tyndall AFB, Florida702d Computer Systems Squadron, Tyndall AFB, Florida722d Air Control Squadron, North Bay (CFB North Bay), CanadaHQ: Shaw AFB, South CarolinaHQ: Davis–Monthan AFB, ArizonaHQ: Shaw AFB, South Carolina1st Fighter Wing (F-22A, T-38A), Langley AFB, Virginia4th Fighter Wing (F-15E), Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina20th Fighter Wing (F-16C/D), Shaw AFB, South CarolinaIncludes Poinsett Electronic Combat Range, South Carolina23d Wing (HH-60, HC-130J, A/OA-10C), Moody AFB, GeorgiaIncludes Avon Park Air Force Range, Florida93d Air Ground Operations Wing, Moody AFB, Georgia325th Fighter Wing (F-22A, T-38A), Tyndall AFB, Florida355th Fighter Wing (A/OA-10C), Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona366th Fighter Wing (F-15E), Mountain Home AFB, Idaho388th Fighter Wing (F-35A), Hill AFB, Utah432d Wing (MQ-1, MQ-9), Creech AFB, Nevada461st Air Control Wing (E-8C), Robins AFB, Georgia552d Air Control Wing (E-3B/C), Tinker AFB, Oklahoma633d Air Base Wing, Langley AFB, Virginia495th Fighter Group, Shaw AFB, South CarolinaHQ: Lackland AFB, Texas9th Reconnaissance Wing (U-2S, RQ-4, MC-12), Beale AFB, California55th Wing (EC/OC/WC/RC-135), Offutt AFB, NebraskaIncludes 55th Electronic Combat Group (EC-130H), Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona67th Cyberspace Wing, Lackland AFB, TexasIncludes 567th Cyberspace Operations Group, Scott AFB, Illinois70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing, Fort Meade, Maryland319th Reconnaissance Wing, Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota363d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing, Langley AFB, Virginia480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing, Langley AFB, Virginia557th Weather Wing, Offutt AFB, Nebraska616th Operations Center, Lackland AFB, Texas688th Cyberspace Wing, Lackland AFB, TexasIncludes 5th Combat Communications Group, Robins AFB, GeorgiaAlso includes 38th Cyberspace Engineering Installation Group, Tinker AFB, OklahomaAir Force Technical Applications Center, Patrick Space Force Base, Florida

In 2009, responsibility for nuclear-capable bombers, specifically the B-2 Spirit and the B-52 Stratofortress, along with their associated units, bases and personnel, were transferred from ACC to the newly established Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC).

On 1 February 2010, the Eighth Air Force transferred to the Air Force Global Strike Command. The 7th Bomb Wing at Dyess Air Force Base, and the 28th Bomb Wing at Ellsworth Air Force Base also transferred to AFGSC on 1 October 2015, thus, ending 23 years of operational bomber service in ACC.

In October 2019 units from Twenty-Fourth Air Force and Twenty-Fifth Air Force were merged into the reactivated Sixteenth Air Force. Sixteenth Air Force headquarters is based at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas.23

In August 2020 units from Ninth Air Force and Twelfth Air Force were realigned under the reactivated Fifteenth Air Force. Fifteenth Air Force headquarters is based at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina.

In addition, units from Air Force Reserve Command's Tenth Air Force, and numerous other state and District of Columbia Air National Guard units are allocated to Air Combat Command when activated to federal service.

Aircraft

As of 2015[update]:

Lineage

  • Constituted as Air Combat Command and activated on 1 June 1992
  • Consolidated with Tactical Air Command on 26 September 201624

Assignments

Stations

Major components

Air Forces First Air Force: 1 June 1992 – present Second Air Force: 1 June 1992 – 1 July 1993 Transferred to Air Education and Training Command Eighth Air Force: 1 June 1992 – 2009 Transferred to Air Force Global Strike Command, 2009 Ninth Air Force: 1 June 1992 – present Twelfth Air Force: 1 June 1992 – present Fifteenth Air Force: 20 August 2020 – present Sixteenth Air Force: 11 October 2019 – present Twentieth Air Force: 1 June 1992 – 1 July 1993 Transferred to Air Force Space Command, 1993 Transferred to Air Force Global Strike Command, 2009 Twenty-Fourth Air Force: 17 July 2018 – 11 October 2019 Twenty-Fifth Air Force: 29 September 2014 – 11 October 2019 Centers Air & Space Expeditionary Force Center: 1 October 2002 – 29 August 2006 Aerospace Command and Control & Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (later, Air Force Command and Control & Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) Center (see Agencies below): 29 July 1997 – 30 April 2002. On 17 June 2010, the GCIC was officially redesignated the Air Force Command and Control Integration Center or AFC2IC as a direct reporting unit to Air Combat Command (ACC).26 Air Force Contingency Supply Support Office (later, Air Force Contingency Supply Squadron; ACC Regional Supply Squadron; Combat Air Forces Logistics Support Center): 12 June 1992 – 1 July 1994; 1 December 1998 – present Air Warfare Center (later, USAF Warfare Center): 1 June 1992 – present Air Force Network Integration Center: 17 July 2018 – present Air Force Spectrum Management Office: 17 July 2018 – present Agencies Air and Space Command and Control Agency (later, Aerospace Command and Control Agency; Aerospace Command and Control & Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center; Air Force Command and Control & Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center): 29 July 1997 – 30 April 2002. Air Intelligence Agency: 1 February 2001 – 8 August 2006 Groups Air Combat Command (ACC) Air Force Targeting Center: 2008–present Air Combat Command (ACC) Communications Group: 1 June 1992 – present Air Combat Command (ACC) Logistics Support Group: 1 July 1994 – 16 September 1999.

source for lineage, assignments, stations, components27

List of commanders

No.CommanderTerm
PortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTerm length
1Loh, John M.GeneralJohn M. Loh(born 1938)1 June 199223 June 19953 years, 22 days
2Ralston, JosephGeneralJoseph Ralston(born 1943)23 June 199528 February 1996250 days
-Dula, Brett M.Lieutenant GeneralBrett M. DulaActing28 February 19965 April 199637 days
3Hawley, Richard E.GeneralRichard E. Hawley(born 1942)5 April 199611 June 19993 years, 67 days
4Eberhart, Ralph E.GeneralRalph Eberhart(born 1946)11 June 19998 February 2000242 days
5Jumper, John P.GeneralJohn P. Jumper(born 1945)8 February 200025 August 20011 year, 198 days
-Cook, Donald G.Lieutenant GeneralDonald G. Cook(born 1946)Acting25 August 200114 November 200181 days
6Hornburg, Hal M.GeneralHal M. Hornburg(born 1945)14 November 200117 November 20043 years, 3 days
-Wright, Bruce A.Lieutenant GeneralBruce A. WrightActing17 November 20043 February 200578 days
-Fraser, William M. IIILieutenant GeneralWilliam M. Fraser III(born 1952)Acting3 February 200527 May 2005113 days
7Keys, RonaldGeneralRonald Keys(born 1945)27 May 20052 October 20072 years, 128 days
8Corley, John D. W.GeneralJohn D. W. Corley(born 1951)2 October 200710 September 20091 year, 343 days
9Fraser, William M. IIIGeneralWilliam M. Fraser III(born 1952)10 September 200913 September 20112 years, 3 days
10Hostage, Gilmary M. IIIGeneralGilmary M. Hostage III(born 1955)13 September 20114 November 20143 years, 52 days
11Carlisle, Herbert J.GeneralHerbert J. Carlisle(born 1957)4 November 201410 March 20172 years, 126 days
12Holmes, James M.GeneralJames M. Holmes(born 1957)10 March 201728 August 20203 years, 171 days
13Kelly, Mark D.GeneralMark D. Kelly(born 1962)28 August 202029 February 20243 years, 185 days
14Wilsbach, Kenneth S.GeneralKenneth S. Wilsbach(born c. 1963)29 February 2024Incumbent1 year, 25 days

See also

U.S. Armed Forces operations commands

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

References

  1. "Air Combat Command > Home". acc.af.mil. Archived from the original on 24 January 2007. http://www.acc.af.mil ↩

  2. "Fact Sheet Display". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. http://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104461/air-combat-command/ ↩

  3. Andy Love (6 Apr 2023) With war potentially approaching, a pilot shortage looms over the US Air Force https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/restoring-america/patriotism-unity/with-war-potentially-approaching-a-pilot-shortage-looms-over-the-us-air-force ↩

  4. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) https://web.archive.org/web/20180426002339/http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents/2017/June%202017/0617GrudoAllFactsFigures.pdf ↩

  5. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  6. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  7. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  8. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  9. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  10. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  11. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  12. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  13. "Air Mobility: A Brief History of the American Experience" by Robert C. Owen; Potomac Books, Washington, DC, c2013; ISBN 978-1-59797-851-4 /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

  14. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  15. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  16. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  17. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  18. "ACC History". Air Combat Command. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.acc.af.mil/AboutUs/ACCHistory.aspx ↩

  19. WOPE – Without Personnel or Equipment ↩

  20. WOPE – Without Personnel or Equipment ↩

  21. WOPE – Without Personnel or Equipment ↩

  22. "Air Combat Command > Home". acc.af.mil. Archived from the original on 24 January 2007. http://www.acc.af.mil ↩

  23. Cohen, Rachel S. (18 September 2019). "USAF's New Info Warfare Group Coming into Focus". Air Force Magazine. Retrieved 21 September 2019. http://airforcemag.com/Features/Pages/2019/September%202019/USAFs-New-Info-Warfare-Group-Coming-Into-Focus.aspx ↩

  24. DAF/A1M Letter 694t:, Consolidation of Tactical Air Command and Air Combat Command, 7 September 2016 ↩

  25. Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 USAF Reference Series, Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington, D.C., 1989 ↩

  26. "AFC2IC's History" (PDF). Air Force Command and Control Integration Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20130216210503/http://www.afc2ic.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-090728-083.pdf ↩

  27. Bailey, Carl E. (7 October 2016). "Air Combat Command (USAF)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016. http://www.afhra.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/432046/air-combat-command-usaf/ ↩