Methoxyflurane

Methoxyflurane, sold under the brand name Penthrox among others, is an inhaled medication primarily used to reduce pain following trauma. It may also be used for short episodes of pain as a result of medical procedures. Onset of pain relief is rapid and of a short duration. Use is only recommended with direct medical supervision.
Common side effects include <a href="/facts/Anxiety/Geekl883">anxiety</a>, headache, <a href="/facts/Sleepiness/mIlFhyf0">sleepiness</a>, <a href="/facts/Cough/mqyhR6zj">cough</a>, and nausea. Serious side effects may include <a href="/facts/Kidney_problems/gsqb5nos">kidney problems</a>, <a href="/facts/Liver_problems/NHtuS0gU">liver problems</a>, <a href="/facts/Low_blood_pressure/BhrdVVRS">low blood pressure</a>, and <a href="/facts/Malignant_hyperthermia/NYD1LAdn">malignant hyperthermia</a>. It is unclear if it is safe in either <a href="/facts/Pregnancy/vEKYGpep">pregnancy</a> or <a href="/facts/Breastfeeding/cdWXyYDX">breastfeeding</a>. It is only recommended in those who have a normal <a href="/facts/Level_of_consciousness/bzGqcsUV">level of consciousness</a> and stable blood pressure and heart rate. It is classified as a <a href="/facts/Volatile_anaesthetic/INHvFCPk">volatile anaesthetic</a>.
It was first <a href="/facts/Chemical_synthesis/3KXsVVwC">made</a> in 1948 by <a href="/facts/William_T._Miller/SvWq9fxj">William T. Miller</a> and came into medical use in the 1960s. It was used as a <a href="/facts/General_anaesthetic/YNM2tqty">general anesthetic</a> from its introduction in 1960 until the late 1970s. In 1999, the manufacturer discontinued methoxyflurane in the United States, and in 2005 the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> withdrew it from the market, due to reports of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. It is still[when?] used in New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, and the United Kingdom for pain.

Methoxyflurane open-in-new

Methoxyflurane