Indo-Pakistani war of 1965

<p>The Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, also known as  the Second Kashmir War, was an armed conflict between <a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a> that took place from August 1965 to September 1965. The conflict began following Pakistan's unsuccessful <a href="/facts/Operation_Gibraltar/vbRehx68">Operation Gibraltar</a>, which was designed to infiltrate forces into <a href="/facts/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)/Rl2eUo1z">Jammu and Kashmir</a> to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. The seventeen day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armoured vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. Hostilities between the two countries ended after a ceasefire was declared through <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_211/hP3KVwbW">UNSC Resolution 211</a> following a diplomatic intervention by the <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>, and the subsequent issuance of the <a href="/facts/Tashkent_Declaration/sr9HqTIr">Tashkent Declaration</a>. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in <a href="/facts/Kashmir_conflict/zJAJRyth">Kashmir</a> and along the <a href="/facts/Border/82NnNLR0">border</a> between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the <a href="/facts/Partition_of_India/c8xmUWfG">Partition of India</a> in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the <a href="/facts/2001-2002_India-Pakistan_standoff/bYCXdItK">2001–2002 military standoff</a> between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing <a href="/facts/Infantry/QAHDDQtk">infantry</a> and <a href="/facts/Armoured_warfare/atNMzBbv">armoured</a> units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations.
</p><p>India had the upper hand over Pakistan on the ground when the ceasefire was declared, but the <a href="/facts/Pakistan_Air_Force/Tnbsp4p7">PAF</a> managed to achieve <a href="/facts/Air_superiority/5NweGjhm">air superiority</a> over the combat zones despite being numerically inferior. Although the two countries fought to a standoff, the conflict is seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, as it had not succeeded in fomenting an insurrection in Kashmir and was instead forced to shift gears in the defence of <a href="/facts/Lahore/cjHrUPaD">Lahore</a>. India also failed to achieve its objective of military deterrence and did not capitalise on its advantageous military situation before the ceasefire was declared.
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Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 open-in-new

Indo-Pakistani war of 1965