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Hilde Mangold
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<p>Hilde Mangold (20 October 1898 – 4 September 1924) (née Proescholdt) was a German <a href="/facts/Embryology/4mvpSkhC">embryologist</a> who was best known for her 1923 dissertation which was the foundation for her mentor, <a href="/facts/Hans_Spemann/Wpg3DpEl">Hans Spemann</a>'s, 1935 <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize/3z1Y3oFL">Nobel Prize</a> in <a href="/facts/Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Physiology or Medicine</a> for the discovery of the embryonic <a href="/facts/Primitive_knot/U0mFBr2q">organizer</a>, "one of the very few doctoral theses in biology that have directly resulted in the awarding of a Nobel Prize". The general effect she demonstrated is known as <a href="/facts/Embryogenesis/1lFY4EoW">embryonic induction</a>, that is, the capacity of some cells to direct the developmental trajectory of other cells, one of the first steps towards <a href="/facts/Cloning/Vb6SM4c7">cloning</a>. Induction remains a fundamental concept and area of ongoing research in the field. </p>