Culturally relevant teaching is instruction that takes into account students' cultural differences. Making education culturally relevant is thought to improve academic achievement, but understandings of the construct have developed over time Key characteristics and principles define the term, and research has allowed for the development and sharing of guidelines and associated teaching practices. Although examples of culturally relevant teaching programs exist, implementing it can be challenging.
While the term culturally responsive teaching often refers specifically to instruction of African American American students in the United States, it can be an effective form of pedagogy for students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds. For instance, in Canada, research suggests the gap between traditional Aboriginal education and Western education systems may be bridged by including spirituality in Aboriginal educational practices. Although the majority of discussions about culturally relevant teaching focus on primary or secondary school settings, Baumgartner and Johnson-Bailey have experienced the implementation and discussions of culturally relevant teaching within a higher education environment.