Samaritan script

The Samaritan Hebrew script, or simply Samaritan script is used by the <a href="/facts/Samaritans/B1WjjxCq">Samaritans</a> for religious writings, including the <a href="/facts/Samaritan_Pentateuch/u6vHCo3u">Samaritan Pentateuch</a>, writings in <a href="/facts/Samaritan_Hebrew/NEzNCyHD">Samaritan Hebrew</a>, and for commentaries and translations in <a href="/facts/Samaritan_Aramaic_language/zplMQrx0">Samaritan Aramaic</a> and occasionally <a href="/facts/Arabic_language/A1e66hVV">Arabic</a>.

Samaritan is a direct descendant of the <a href="/facts/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet/CU8hRVYz">Paleo-Hebrew alphabet</a>, which was a variety of the <a href="/facts/Phoenician_alphabet/Vr4smuYg">Phoenician alphabet</a>. Paleo-Hebrew is the alphabet in which large parts of the <a href="/facts/Hebrew_Bible/y8yblF9f">Hebrew Bible</a> were originally penned according to the consensus of most scholars, who also believe that these scripts are descendants of the <a href="/facts/Proto-Sinaitic_script/aqPygGcT">Proto-Sinaitic script</a>. Paleo-Hebrew script was used by the ancient <a href="/facts/Israelites/wohGkSzL">Israelites</a>, both <a href="/facts/Jews/T9Y4wE6A">Jews</a> and Samaritans.
The better-known "square script" <a href="/facts/Hebrew_alphabet/qQStmr5u">Hebrew alphabet</a> which has been traditionally used by Jews since the Babylonian exile is a stylized version of the <a href="/facts/Aramaic_alphabet/hoqRfbYP">Aramaic alphabet</a> called Ashurit (כתב אשורי).
Historically, the Aramaic alphabet became distinct from Phoenician/Paleo-Hebrew in the 8th century BCE. After the fall of the Persian Empire, Judaism used both scripts before settling on the Aramaic form, henceforth de facto becoming the "Hebrew alphabet" since it was repurposed to write Hebrew. For a limited time thereafter, the use of paleo-Hebrew (proto-Samaritan) among Jews was retained only to write the <a href="/facts/Tetragrammaton/ylhCItp5">Tetragrammaton</a>, but soon that custom was also abandoned.
A <a href="/facts/Cursive_Hebrew/U4VshtQ9">cursive</a> style of the alphabet also exists.
The Samaritan alphabet first became known to the Western world with the publication of a manuscript of the <a href="/facts/Samaritan_Pentateuch/u6vHCo3u">Samaritan Pentateuch</a> in 1631 by <a href="/facts/Jean_Morin_(theologian)/ClTt3dxr">Jean Morin</a>. In 1616 the traveler <a href="/facts/Pietro_della_Valle/33fxDX4k">Pietro della Valle</a> had purchased a copy of the text in <a href="/facts/Damascus/IL0Qwt6R">Damascus</a>, and this manuscript, now known as Codex B, was deposited in a <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Parisian</a> library.

Samaritan script open-in-new

Samaritan script