History of Palestinian journalism

The history of Palestinian journalism dates back to the 19th century, and more newspapers in <a href="/facts/Palestine_(region)/HxMSPazK">Palestine</a> began to appear after the lifting of press censorship in the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman Empire</a> in <a href="/facts/Young_Turk_Revolution/pTDXuQch">1908</a>. Newspapers in the region were primarily written in <a href="/facts/Arabic_language/A1e66hVV">Arabic</a>, <a href="/facts/Hebrew_language/hqKCSy9d">Hebrew</a>, and <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Turkish/z17YMfhT">Ottoman Turkish</a>. Arabic-language newspapers voiced Arab aspirations, largely opposing <a href="/facts/Zionism/kL92sl76">Zionism</a>, whilst the Hebrew newspapers largely supported Zionism. <a href="/facts/Al-Karmil_(newspaper)/8oY3Ipqs">Al-Karmil</a> was established in 1908 and <a href="/facts/Falastin_(newspaper)/yr7J9ebL">Falastin</a> in 1911, both published by <a href="/facts/Palestinian_Christians/t5716onT">Palestinian Christians</a>, whilst <a href="/facts/Haaretz/HUMlSB2k">Haaretz</a>, established in 1918, is the longest-running newspaper established by <a href="/facts/Palestinian_Jews/1n6faunM">Palestinian Jews</a>. 
However, the emerging press was soon suppressed after the outbreak of <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a> in 1914. When Palestine became a <a href="/facts/Mandate_for_Palestine/rTD4dAqo">British Mandate</a> in 1920, its press became more diverse, as over 250 Arabic newspapers and 65 in other languages were circulating in <a href="/facts/Mandatory_Palestine/mv0NGUBy">Mandatory Palestine</a> by the mid-1930s. The British began to introduce restrictive measures after the <a href="/facts/1929_Palestine_riots/7YVmpDpp">1929 Palestine riots</a>, and suspended many major publications during the <a href="/facts/1936%25E2%2580%25931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine/MoXwBAJb">1936–1939 Arab revolt</a>. Following the outbreak of <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a> in 1939, the British authorities closed almost all the newspapers, with the exception of Falastin and <a href="/facts/Al-Difa%2527/1w1nRKkk">Al-Difa'</a>, whose rivalry marked the mandate period.
The <a href="/facts/1948_Palestine_war/lGFHlU7R">1948 Palestine war</a> forced Falastin and Al-Difa to move from <a href="/facts/Jaffa/BFjHzofX">Jaffa</a> to <a href="/facts/East_Jerusalem/8kEofcS2">East Jerusalem</a>, which along with Al-Jihad, became <a href="/facts/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank/6xHJq8Rz">Jordan's press for many years</a>. Jordan issued a new press law in early 1967 that forced a merger of newspapers, leaving only East Jerusalem-based <a href="/facts/Al-Quds_(newspaper)/T5RDLqTe">Al-Quds</a>. <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a>'s <a href="/facts/Israeli-occupied_territories/FxQkx2V8">occupation</a> of the West Bank and the <a href="/facts/Gaza_Strip/GodcCxlV">Gaza Strip</a> following the <a href="/facts/Six_Day_War/xM8d0Wy1">Six Day War</a> in 1967 brought the Palestinian press under Israeli military censorship, which would continue until the establishment of the <a href="/facts/Palestinian_Authority/AhB1P7E7">Palestinian Authority</a> in 1993. The three main newspapers circulating in the <a href="/facts/Palestinian_territories/pTUwGmIE">Palestinian territories</a> today include Al-Quds; and <a href="/facts/Ramallah/HVPrByBz">Ramallah</a>-based <a href="/facts/Al-Hayat_al-Jadida/pu6saEYw">Al-Hayat Al-Jadida</a> and <a href="/facts/Al-Ayyam_(Palestine)/FSLBxVV3">Al-Ayyam</a>. 
Palestinian journalists reporting from the occupied territories have witnessed restrictions and risks, especially during the <a href="/facts/First_Intifada/pBcf45xY">First</a> and <a href="/facts/Second_Intifada/PCqXCSXk">Second Intifadas</a> which started in 1987 and 2000 respectively, and the ongoing <a href="/facts/Gaza_war/dmUoIpBw">Gaza war</a>. The year 2023 saw record numbers of Palestinian journalists arrested and killed by the <a href="/facts/Israeli_military/9hPaqcAM">Israeli military</a>. The rise of the internet in the 1990s gave Palestinians a new platform to share their narrative, such as the creation of Palestine Chronicle and <a href="/facts/The_Electronic_Intifada/Bbm0tEff">The Electronic Intifada</a> English websites, and <a href="/facts/Quds_News_Network/6Kdo9n58">Quds News Network</a> and <a href="/facts/Shehab_News_Agency/muczrll7">Shehab News Agency</a>. Since then print newspapers have been challenged by the rise of such <a href="/facts/Digital_journalism/TYCjbTH3">digital</a> and <a href="/facts/Citizen_journalism/jYqxu4hj">citizen journalism</a>, which has been faced with a "systematic censorship" campaign by some social media sites, such as <a href="/facts/Facebook/0IhXFR6u">Facebook</a>.

History of Palestinian journalism open-in-new

History of Palestinian journalism