Orel (spacecraft)

Orel or Oryol, formerly Federation (<a href="/facts/Russian_language/ETXrTgHV">Russian</a>: Федерация, <a href="/facts/Romanization_of_Russian/FoQM4wI4">romanized</a>: Federatsiya), and PPTS (<a href="/facts/Russian_language/ETXrTgHV">Russian</a>: Перспективная Пилотируемая Транспортная Система, <a href="/facts/Romanization_of_Russian/FoQM4wI4">romanized</a>: Perspektivnaya Pilotiruemaya Transportnaya Sistema, <a href="/facts/Literal_translation/0cF1oFRh">lit.</a> 'Prospective Piloted Transport System'), is a project by <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a> to develop a new-generation, partially <a href="/facts/Reusable_launch_system/j0WC10op">reusable</a> <a href="/facts/Spacecraft/YQqQaUw0">crewed spacecraft</a>.
Until 2016, the official name was (<a href="/facts/Russian_language/ETXrTgHV">Russian</a>: Пилотируемый Транспортный Корабль Нового Поколения, <a href="/facts/Literal_translation/0cF1oFRh">lit.</a> 'New Generation Piloted Transport Ship') or PTK NP. The goal of the project is to develop a next-generation spacecraft to replace the <a href="/facts/Soyuz_spacecraft/meooRg7U">Soyuz spacecraft</a> developed by the former <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a> to support <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">low Earth orbit</a> and <a href="/facts/Lunar_mission/AFdKTjtv">lunar</a> operations. It is similar in function to the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">US</a> <a href="/facts/Orion_(spacecraft)/nh8VQRpD">Orion</a> or <a href="/facts/Commercial_Crew_Development/zzwrbnDF">Commercial Crew Development</a> spacecraft.
The PPTS project was started following a failed attempt by Russia and the <a href="/facts/European_Space_Agency/L8YRNV0C">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) to co-develop the <a href="/facts/Crew_Space_Transportation_System/WXzGCnoB">Crew Space Transportation System</a> (CSTS). Following ESA member states declining to finance <a href="/facts/Kliper/XanDLkMS">Kliper</a> in 2006 over concerns about workshare then again declining to finance development of CSTS in 2009 over technology transfer to Russia that could be used for military purposes, the Russian Federal Space Agency ordered a new crewed spacecraft from Russian companies. A development contract was awarded to <a href="/facts/RKK_Energia/fThW3H3L">RKK Energia</a> on 19 December 2013.
Orel is intended to be capable of carrying crews of four into Earth orbit and beyond, with different mass versions suitable for 5, 14, or 30 day missions. If docked with a space station, it could stay in space up to a year, which is double the duration of the Soyuz spacecraft. The spacecraft will send <a href="/facts/List_of_cosmonauts/HUD1W17H">cosmonauts</a> to <a href="/facts/Lunar_orbit/486BxvD6">lunar orbit</a>, with a plan to place a space station there, called <a href="/facts/Lunar_Orbital_Station/5Q1LNVQg">Lunar Orbital Station</a>.

Orel (spacecraft) open-in-new

Orel (spacecraft)