A return connecting rod, return piston rod or (in marine parlance) double piston rod engine or back-acting engine is a particular layout for a steam engine.
The key attribute of this layout is that the piston rod emerges from the cylinder to the crosshead, but the connecting rod then reverses direction and goes backwards to the crankshaft. This layout is compact, but has mechanical disadvantages. Return connecting rod engines were thus rarely used, except in some mid-19th century marine applications where they had certain advantages.
The return connecting rod layout has two possible forms:
Both horizontal and vertical arrangements have used the return connecting rod layout. Vertical return connecting rod engines used the original 'vertical' layout, with the cylinder facing upwards to the crosshead.