World energy supply and consumption

World energy supply and consumption refers to the global supply of <a href="/facts/World_energy_resources/Ir27tbut">energy resources</a> and its <a href="/facts/Energy_consumption/VEVdNxAR">consumption</a>. The system of global energy supply consists of the <a href="/facts/Energy_development/6RSeWg77">energy development</a>, <a href="/facts/Refineries/ErU4apog">refinement</a>, and trade of energy. Energy supplies may exist in various forms such as raw resources or more processed and refined forms of energy. The raw energy resources include for example <a href="/facts/Coal/83kV3qxg">coal</a>, <a href="/facts/Oil_and_gas/BPgxAqB7">unprocessed oil & gas</a>, <a href="/facts/Uranium/n2sGWBzU">uranium</a>. In comparison, the refined forms of energy include for example <a href="/facts/Oil_refinery/yeaW0UMv">refined oil</a> that becomes <a href="/facts/Fuels/H8DIRL1j">fuel</a> and <a href="/facts/Electric_energy_consumption/eEl4r39x">electricity</a>. Energy resources may be used in various different ways, depending on the specific resource (e.g. coal), and intended end use (industrial, residential, etc.). Energy production and consumption play a significant role in the <a href="/facts/Economy/okLWSsEY">global economy</a>. It is needed in industry and global <a href="/facts/Transportation/npstdhvc">transportation</a>. The total energy supply chain, from production to final consumption, involves many activities that cause a loss of <a href="/facts/Useful_energy/HNF7KAmc">useful energy</a>. 
As of 2022, energy consumption is still about 80% from fossil fuels. The <a href="/facts/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf/tpxkypCs">Gulf States</a> and <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a> are major energy exporters. Their customers include for example the <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a> and <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a>, who are not producing enough energy in their own countries to satisfy their energy demand. Total energy consumption tends to increase by about 1–2% per year. More recently, <a href="/facts/Renewable_energy/6Bu6IrpF">renewable energy</a> has been growing rapidly, averaging about 20% increase per year in the 2010s. 
Two key problems with energy production and consumption are <a href="/facts/Greenhouse_gas_emissions/Cu9nXPHE">greenhouse gas emissions</a> and <a href="/facts/Pollution/JRagxumQ">environmental pollution</a>. Of about 50 billion tonnes worldwide annual total greenhouse gas emissions, 36 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide was a result of energy use (almost all from fossil fuels) in 2021. Many scenarios have been envisioned to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, usually by the name of <a href="/facts/Net_zero/llsAknfI">net zero emissions</a>. 
There is a clear connection between energy consumption per capita, and GDP per capita.
A significant lack of energy supplies is called an <a href="/facts/Energy_crisis/kpHbj2Bp">energy crisis</a>.

World energy supply and consumption open-in-new

World energy supply and consumption