Robert P. Multhauf (June 8, 1919– May 8, 2004) was an American historian of science, museum curator, director, scientific scholar, and author. He served as editor of the History of Science Society's journal Isis for fifteen years 1964–1978 and the society's president 1979–1980, and he was president of the Society for the History of Technology 1969–1970 and awarded its Leonardo da Vinci Medal in 1987.