New Brunswick

New Brunswick is one of the thirteen <a href="/facts/Provinces_and_Territories_of_Canada/k3o89TLx">provinces and territories</a> of <a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc">Canada</a>. It is one of the three <a href="/facts/Maritime_Canada/edkHavUV">Maritime provinces</a> and one of the four <a href="/facts/Atlantic_Canada/FXs5CIA9">Atlantic provinces</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/facts/Quebec/4hhNvb4t">Quebec</a> to the north, <a href="/facts/Nova_Scotia/RcmIvd1A">Nova Scotia</a> to the east, the <a href="/facts/Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence/SnURDrbt">Gulf of Saint Lawrence</a> to the northeast, the <a href="/facts/Bay_of_Fundy/71VWujpR">Bay of Fundy</a> to the southeast, and the U.S. state of <a href="/facts/Maine/7ww4UY8B">Maine</a> to the west. New Brunswick is about 83% forested and its northern half is occupied by the <a href="/facts/Appalachians/f7X1GBDE">Appalachians</a>. The province's climate is <a href="/facts/Continental_climate/Yn5Erc8Y">continental</a> with snowy winters and temperate summers.
New Brunswick has a surface area of 72,908 km2 (28,150 sq mi) and 775,610 inhabitants (2021 census). Atypically for Canada, only about half of the population lives in urban areas - predominantly in <a href="/facts/Moncton/l4oNygPl">Moncton</a>, <a href="/facts/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick/GKg2aueF">Saint John</a> and <a href="/facts/Fredericton/XwkNbfLY">Fredericton</a>.
In 1969, New Brunswick passed the <a href="/facts/New_Brunswick_Official_Languages_Act_(1969)/Iwh7TwSh">Official Languages Act</a> which began recognizing French as an <a href="/facts/Official_language/yCH2URym">official language</a>, along with English. New Brunswickers have the right to receive provincial government services in the official language of their choice. About two thirds of the population are <a href="/facts/Canadian_English/H6Kz0B0T">English speaking</a> and one third is <a href="/facts/Canadian_French/FffCQaDq">French speaking</a>. New Brunswick is home to most of the cultural region of <a href="/facts/Acadia_(region)/Sf3DJcuK">Acadia</a> and most <a href="/facts/Acadians/2lWj42q4">Acadians</a>. New Brunswick's <a href="/facts/Variety_(linguistics)/QyllMQha">variety</a> of French is called <a href="/facts/Acadian_French/FUJmzGm8">Acadian French</a>. There are seven regional accents.
New Brunswick was first inhabited by <a href="/facts/First_Nations_in_Canada/ccqhx22M">First Nations</a> like the <a href="/facts/Mi%E2%80%99kmaq/THH8x1Ek">Mi’kmaq</a> and <a href="/facts/Maliseet/qkgbcHxh">Maliseet</a>. In 1604, <a href="/facts/Acadia/agRYNH1l">Acadia</a>, the first <a href="/facts/New_France/zDK9hedl">New France</a> <a href="/facts/French_colonial_empire/IRauBDs1">colony</a>, was founded with the creation of <a href="/facts/Port-Royal_(Acadia)/IjUfDFp0">Port-Royal</a>. For 150 years afterwards, Acadia changed hands multiple times due to numerous conflicts between France and the United Kingdom. From 1755 to 1764, the <a href="/facts/British_Empire/hrsz0j7A">British</a> deported <a href="/facts/Acadian/2lWj42q4">Acadians</a> en masse, an event known as the <a href="/facts/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians/YVAj6VUF">Great Upheaval</a>. This, along with the <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)/EgooEyjI">Treaty of Paris</a>, solidified Acadia as <a href="/facts/British_colonial_empire/hrsz0j7A">British property</a>. In 1784, following the arrival of many <a href="/facts/Loyalists/eQDaj7yn">loyalists</a> fleeing the <a href="/facts/American_Revolutionary_War/8MxJNtcU">American Revolution</a>, the colony of New Brunswick was officially created, separating it from what is now <a href="/facts/Nova_Scotia/RcmIvd1A">Nova Scotia</a>. In the early 1800s, New Brunswick prospered and the population grew rapidly. In 1867, New Brunswick decided to join with Nova Scotia and the <a href="/facts/Province_of_Canada/q7z1RL2V">Province of Canada</a> (now <a href="/facts/Quebec/4hhNvb4t">Quebec</a> and <a href="/facts/Ontario/HUkxk5Rf">Ontario</a>) to form Canada. After <a href="/facts/Canadian_Confederation/1tC7aAD2">Confederation</a>, shipbuilding and lumbering declined, and <a href="/facts/Protectionism/jSa6HEAg">protectionism</a> disrupted trade with <a href="/facts/New_England/ufw2BmSl">New England</a>.
From the mid-1900s onwards, New Brunswick was one of the poorest regions of Canada, a fact eventually mitigated by <a href="/facts/Canadian_transfer_payments/MDjtKyEC">transfer payments</a>. However, the province has seen the highest eastward migration in 45 years in both rural and urban areas, as people from Ontario and other parts of Canada migrate to the area. As of 2002,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Brunswick&action=edit">[update]</a> the provincial GDP was derived as follows: services (about half being government services and public administration) 43%; construction, manufacturing, and utilities 24%; real estate rental 12%; wholesale and retail 11%; agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, mining, oil and gas extraction 5%; transportation and warehousing 5%. A powerful <a href="/facts/Market_concentration/A0novQjt">corporate concentration</a> of large companies in New Brunswick is owned by the <a href="/facts/Irving_Group_of_Companies/xLkgfcPV">Irving Group of Companies</a>. The province's 2019 output was CA$38.236 billion, which is 1.65% of Canada's <a href="/facts/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_gross_domestic_product/ozAEEU4p">GDP</a>.
Tourism accounts for 9% of the labour force either directly or indirectly. Popular destinations include the <a href="/facts/Hopewell_Rocks/ExnA96KH">Hopewell Rocks</a>, <a href="/facts/Fundy_National_Park/GWItGVIs">Fundy National Park</a>, <a href="/facts/Magnetic_Hill_(Moncton)/wr1E4cvC">Magnetic Hill</a>, <a href="/facts/Kouchibouguac_National_Park/fwwBt1J0">Kouchibouguac National Park</a> and <a href="/facts/Roosevelt_Campobello_International_Park/R4nfuw4c">Roosevelt Campobello International Park</a>.
On 1 January 2023, local government of New Brunswick <a href="/facts/2023_New_Brunswick_local_governance_reform/ss4rU5WF">restructured the entities</a> (admin level 4) throughout the province. The previous 340 entities were replaced by 77 local governments and 12 rural districts.

New Brunswick open-in-new

New Brunswick