Symbiosis

Symbiosis (<a href="/facts/Ancient_Greek/LIK7NlUh">Ancient Greek</a> συμβίωσις symbíōsis: living with, companionship < σύν sýn: together; and βίωσις bíōsis: living) is any close and long-term <a href="/facts/Biological_interaction/uhcg3EaM">biological interaction</a> between two <a href="/facts/Organism/j8JkL09u">organisms</a> of different <a href="/facts/Species/oDg6b96r">species</a>. The two organisms, termed symbionts, can for example be in <a href="/facts/Mutualism_(biology)/29hCDDS2">mutualistic</a>, <a href="/facts/Commensalism/KnJkboX0">commensalistic</a>, or <a href="/facts/Parasitism/HWPcgky7">parasitic</a> relationships. In 1879, <a href="/facts/Heinrich_Anton_de_Bary/VoCXNFcz">Heinrich Anton de Bary</a> defined symbiosis as "the living together of unlike organisms". 
The term is sometimes more exclusively used in a restricted, mutualistic sense, where both symbionts contribute to each other's subsistence. This means that they benefit each other in some way.
Symbiosis can be obligate (or obligative), which means that one, or both of the organisms depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional), when they can also subsist independently. 
Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. Symbionts forming a single body live in conjunctive symbiosis, while all other arrangements are called disjunctive symbiosis. When one organism lives on the surface of another, such as <a href="/facts/Head_louse/lsJqBtrB">head lice</a> on humans, it is called <a href="/facts/Ectosymbiosis/0SPWLgM3">ectosymbiosis</a>; when one partner lives inside the tissues of another, such as <a href="/facts/Symbiodinium/BuroVELJ">Symbiodinium</a> within <a href="/facts/Coral/j7fBLrpw">coral</a>, it is termed <a href="/facts/Endosymbiont/eWvSS8ID">endosymbiosis</a>.

Symbiosis open-in-new

Symbiosis