Fullerenes are a unique allotrope of carbon composed of molecules shaped like hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. The most famous fullerene, Buckminsterfullerene (Cāā), named after Buckminster Fuller and nicknamed Buckyballs, resembles a soccer ball with a structure of interconnected hexagons and pentagons. These molecules are formed entirely of carbon atoms arranged in a closed network, making them distinct from other carbon allotropes like graphite and diamond. Fullerenes are known for their remarkable stability, electrical conductivity, and potential applications in nanotechnology, materials science, and medicine.
Discovered in 1985, fullerenes have been the subject of extensive research due to their unique properties. Their ability to act as superconductors, drug carriers, and components in solar cells has made them highly valuable in various scientific fields. Additionally, their antioxidant properties have led to interest in biomedical applications, including targeted drug delivery and neuroprotection. With ongoing advancements, fullerenes continue to play a crucial role in developing innovative materials and technologies.