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Reference.org
Centered polygonal number
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<p>In <a href="/facts/Mathematics/pxTouaz4">mathematics</a>, the centered polygonal numbers are a class of series of <a href="/facts/Figurate_number/f1gdGcja">figurate numbers</a>, each formed by a central dot, surrounded by polygonal layers of dots with a constant number of sides. Each side of a polygonal layer contains one more dot than each side in the previous layer; so starting from the second polygonal layer, each layer of a centered <i>k</i>-gonal number contains <i>k</i> more dots than the previous layer. </p>