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Jiao Yu
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<p>Jiao Yu was a Chinese military general, philosopher, and writer of the <a href="/facts/Yuan_dynasty/mQl0o0XN">Yuan dynasty</a> and early Ming dynasty under <a href="/facts/Zhu_Yuanzhang/V1FUTL6k">Zhu Yuanzhang</a>, who founded the dynasty and became known as the <a href="/facts/Hongwu_Emperor/V1FUTL6k">Hongwu Emperor</a>. He was entrusted by Zhu as a leading <a href="/facts/Artillery/GLpMYG9o">artillery</a> officer for the rebel army that overthrew the <a href="/facts/Mongol/fb4zx1s8">Mongol</a> <a href="/facts/Yuan_dynasty/mQl0o0XN">Yuan dynasty</a>, and established the Ming dynasty. </p><p>As a senior adviser and general, he was later appointed to the venerable and noble status of the <a href="/facts/Count/kSkKcsK1">Count</a> of Dongning. He edited and wrote a famous military treatise that outlined the use of Chinese military technology during the mid 14th century based on his military campaign of 1355 AD. However, descriptions of some <a href="/facts/Gunpowder/AEcB6HCR">gunpowder</a> weapons in his treatise derive from <a href="/facts/Song_dynasty/FxV5bXS5">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279 AD) materials on battles against the <a href="/facts/Khitan_people/LzWy3mB3">Khitans</a> (<a href="/facts/Liao_dynasty/aLMKfWr7">Liao dynasty</a>), <a href="/facts/Jurchen_people/mhV1xEAe">Jurchens</a> (<a href="/facts/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)/yv1tvwzk">Jin dynasty</a>), and <a href="/facts/Mongol/fb4zx1s8">Mongols</a>. His <i><a href="/facts/Huolongjing/YXxc0qmd">Huolongjing</a></i>, translated as the <i>Fire Drake Manual</i>, contains descriptions of <a href="/facts/Fire_arrows/RaCSRbp1">fire arrows</a>, <a href="/facts/Fire_lances/aKjj1YaR">fire lances</a>, <a href="/facts/Grenades/Du3rHfGB">grenades</a>, <a href="/facts/Firearms/GuHx4aGE">firearms</a>, <a href="/facts/Bombard_(weapon)/JfpbsnQb">bombards</a>, <a href="/facts/Cannons/IH7VkIpm">cannons</a>, <a href="/facts/Round_shot/SGXTvIIv">exploding cannonballs</a>, <a href="/facts/Land_mines/D5AkxUF9">land mines</a>, <a href="/facts/Naval_mines/jo9uVY9U">naval mines</a>, <a href="/facts/Rockets/b6j4keIl">rockets</a>, <a href="/facts/Rocket_launchers/uutVgxAz">rocket launchers</a>, two-stage rockets, and various gunpowder solutions including <a href="/facts/Poison/XIQjhpsw">poisonous</a> concoctions. </p>