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Thiocarbonate
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<p>Thiocarbonate describes a family of <a href="/facts/Anion/wrbwhF3z">anions</a> with the general <a href="/facts/Chemical_formula/hghUtthl">chemical formula</a> CS3−<i>x</i>O2−<i>x</i> (<i>x</i> = 0, 1, or 2): </p> <ul><li>for <i>x</i> = 2 it is monothiocarbonate ion CO2S2−</li> <li>for <i>x</i> = 1 it is dithiocarbonate ion COS2−2</li> <li>for <i>x</i> = 0 it is trithiocarbonate ion CS2−3</li></ul> <p>Like the <a href="/facts/Carbonate/FES1QHkN">carbonate</a> dianion, the thiocarbonate ions are <a href="/facts/Trigonal_planar_molecular_geometry/935Tdp3Y">trigonal planar</a>, with carbon atom at the center of triangle, and oxygen and sulfur atoms at the peaks of the triangle. The average <a href="/facts/Bond_order/Tdb1zgTc">bond order</a> between C and S or O is 4/3. The state of protonation is usually not specified. These anions are good <a href="/facts/Nucleophile/xYccoaJQ">nucleophiles</a> and good <a href="/facts/Ligand/6etB3qeW">ligands</a>. </p><p>Thiocarbonates refer to <a href="/facts/Salt_(chemistry)/lsSKwGpn">salts</a> of those ions as well (e.g. <a href="/facts/Potassium_trithiocarbonate/EaJhfvJt">potassium trithiocarbonate</a>, K2CS3). </p><p>Thiocarbonates refer to <a href="/facts/Ester/FoUAIIw4">esters</a> of those ions as well (e.g. <a href="/facts/Dimethyl_trithiocarbonate/v1YQdn0g">dimethyl trithiocarbonate</a>, (CH3S)2CS). They contain trigonal planar divalent <a href="/facts/Functional_group/GXkSPsjM">functional groups</a> R–CS3−<i>x</i>O<i>x</i>–R similar to these anions (<i>x</i> = 0, 1, or 2, R is <a href="/facts/Organyl_group/RgeaN5jm">organyl group</a>). Esters with the formula R−O−C(=S)−S−R are also called <a href="/facts/Xanthate/TVVV7Sna">xanthates</a>, while esters with the formula R−S−C(=S)−S−R are also called <a href="/facts/Thioxanthate/9gRad8ME">thioxanthates</a>. </p><p>Thiocarbonates also refer to salts of organyl thiocarbonate ions (e.g. <a href="/facts/Sodium_ethyl_xanthate/R1mg4Cl1">sodium ethyl xanthate</a> or SEX, CH3CH2OCS−2Na+). They contain R–CS3−<i>x</i>O−<i>x</i> anions (<i>x</i> = 0, 1, or 2, R is <a href="/facts/Organyl_group/RgeaN5jm">organyl group</a>). Anions with the formula R−O−CS−2, and their salts, are also called <a href="/facts/Xanthate/TVVV7Sna">xanthates</a>, while salts with the formula R−S−CS−2, and their salts, are also called <a href="/facts/Thioxanthate/9gRad8ME">thioxanthates</a>. </p>